王永琴

在近幾年的高考試題中，對it的考查成了一個(gè)不可忽略的考點(diǎn)，它主要涵蓋了以下幾個(gè)方面：

一、指代上文提到的事或物,作主語或賓語。

1. ——Have you heard the latest news? (2007全國卷Ⅰ)

——No, what ____?

A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those

答案為A。指代上文中的news。news為不可數(shù)名詞，不能被they，those等代詞所指代。

2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ____ didnt help. (2005全國卷Ⅲ)

A. it B. she C. which D. he

答案為A。but是并列連詞,所以逗號(hào)前后的兩個(gè)句子是并列的,后一個(gè)分句的主語是it,指代前面的分句The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday.

二、it指代環(huán)境、情況、天氣、季節(jié)、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格等。

Come and see me whenever ____.(2003北京)

A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient

C. it is convenient to you

D. it will be convenient to you

答案為C。be convenient to sb.對某人來說方便。不用人作主語，往往用it。

三、it作形式主語，代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正主語。

1. Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?(MET1989)

A. this B. that C. it D. he

答案為C。it作形式主語,真正的主語是不定式 to complete the design before National Day。

2. ____ is our belief that

improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (06浙江)

A. As B. That C. This D. It

答案為D。 It作形式主語,真正的主語是that從句。構(gòu)成It is/was+名詞+主語從句。

3. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other

people the password of your

e-mail account. (05上海)

A. What is required B. What requires

C. It is required D. It requires

答案為C。 It作形式主語,真正的主語是that從句。構(gòu)成It is/was+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+主語從句。如果選A，應(yīng)為What is required in the regulations is that…。

4. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use ____ with him.(06上海)

A. to argue

B. arguing

C. argued

D. having argued

答案為B。It作形式主語,真正的主語是動(dòng)名詞arguing with him。

四、it作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。

1. As the busiest woman in

Norton, she made ____ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. (06湖南)

A. this B. that C. one D. it

答案為D。her duty 是名詞作賓補(bǔ)，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是 to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town。

2. He didnt make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.(07天津)

A. this B. that

C. it D. these

答案為C。clear是形容詞作賓補(bǔ)，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是when and where the meeting would be held。

五、it指代人，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。

Someone is ringing the door bell. Go and see ____.

(2000上海)

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

答案為D。指代身份不明的按門鈴的人。

六、it表強(qiáng)調(diào)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“it is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+句子的其余部分”(強(qiáng)調(diào)部分通常是主語、狀語、賓語)。

1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.

(05天津)

A. that B. what C. which D. this

答案為A。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語從句what you do rather than what you say。

2. It wasnt until nearly a month later ____ I received the

managers reply. (05全國I)

A. since B. when C. as D. that

答案為D。強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語not until nearly a month later。

3. It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. (03滬春)

A. so B. so that

C. why D. that

答案為D。強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語because of bad weather。

4. Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?(1997上海)

A. it you

B. not you

C. you

D. that yourself

答案為A。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句,強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語you。

5. ——____ that he managed to get the information?

(05山東卷)

——Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was it B. What was it

C. How was it D. Why was it

答案為C。 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問句，強(qiáng)調(diào)特殊疑問詞How(表方式)。

七、it用在不能直接跟從句的動(dòng)詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞，例如：enjoy, like, love, dislike, hate, appreciate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, rely on等后，即這些動(dòng)詞后面的從句前要加it。例如：

You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.

你放心好了，他會(huì)來接你的。

Please see to it that you bring enough money when you go out.

出門時(shí)務(wù)必帶夠錢。

1. Id appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(06山東)

A. that B. it C. this D. you

答案為B。

2. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004全國卷Ⅱ)

A. this B. that C. it D. one

答案為C。

3. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full.

(NMET 1998)

A. it B. that C. these D. them

答案為A。

八、it用在有些帶有it的固定搭配中，例如： mean it(說話算數(shù)), get it(理解，明白), put it(說，表達(dá)), make it(辦成功，把某事定在某時(shí)), help it等。例如：

As someone puts it, practice makes perfect.像某人所說的那樣， 熟能生巧。

I cant help it.=It cant be helped. 我無能為力。

If I can help ____, I dont like working late into the night.

(06全國卷Ⅰ)

A. so B. that C. it D. them

答案為C。

九、考查it, one, ones, that, those的區(qū)別：

it指代前面所提到的同名同物，相當(dāng)于the+名詞。one用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于a/an+單數(shù)名詞。ones用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也是泛指概念。that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the+單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，其后常有后置定語。those用來替代前面的特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其后常有后置定語。

1. ——There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ____?

——No, Id rather buy ____ in the bookstore.(07陜西)

A. it; one B. one; one

C. one; it D. it; it

答案為A。第一空指圖書館僅剩的那本，故用it。第二空指到書店去買一本，是泛指概念，故用one。

2. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ____ in the city.(05江蘇)

A. ones B. one C. that D. those

答案為C。指代不可數(shù)名詞the air。

3. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ____ from some wood we had. (04全國卷一)

A. it B. one C. himself D. another

答案為B。指代a new cupboard。

4. Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more

serious ____ than mobile phones do.(05江西)

A. one B. ones

C. it D. those

答案為B。指代health problems。one表單數(shù)(泛指)；it表單數(shù)(特指)；those前不用修飾成分。

5. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforget- table moment, ____ I will al- ways treasure. (02全國)

A. that B. one C. it D. what

答案為B。指代a moment。