郝昌明
眾所周知,行文之間是否具有連貫性是書面表達(dá)的重要評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是書面表達(dá)能否獲得高分的一個高級要求。本文介紹幾種行之有效的增強(qiáng)行文連貫性的手法。
一、貼切使用過渡性詞匯
貼切使用過渡性詞匯可以大幅度增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)行文連貫性,提高書面表達(dá)可讀性,它不僅包括各種從句引導(dǎo)詞,也包括起過渡作用的插入語和起連接作用的副詞。同學(xué)們可根據(jù)體裁與題材的需要貼切使用過渡性詞匯。記敘文應(yīng)著重用好one day/morning/afternoon/evening/night, in the morning/ afternoon/evening等過渡性詞匯和first, second, then, suddenly, finally/at last/in the end等表示順序的過渡性詞匯。議論文應(yīng)著重用好:列舉肯定性內(nèi)容的besides, whats more, at the same time, in the meanwhile; 列舉否定性內(nèi)容的whats worse, to make the matter worse, worse than all, worse than ever, worse still; 表達(dá)個人觀點(diǎn)的in my opinion, in the opinion of me, in the eyes of me;由肯定內(nèi)容向否定內(nèi)容過渡的however;介紹常識性觀點(diǎn)的as we all know, as is known to all, generally speaking, in general;表示總結(jié)的in a word, overall, altogether。人物介紹文應(yīng)著重用好:介紹人物簡歷的in the past, at present, in the future; 介紹人物在不同領(lǐng)域取得不同成果的not only…but also…, also, too, in addition。說明文應(yīng)著重用好:介紹說明順序的first, then, finally/at last/in the end;介紹不同特點(diǎn)的besides, whats more, whats worse, whats worst, in the meanwhile, at the same time。數(shù)據(jù)式圖表作文應(yīng)著重用好:表示對比的while, however, but, yet;表示因果關(guān)系的therefore, so, thus。
一些過渡性詞匯,表達(dá)效果好,使用頻率高,恰當(dāng)使用對增強(qiáng)行文連貫性,提高觀點(diǎn)可信度可起到立竿見影的效果。請看下表:
同學(xué)們應(yīng)增強(qiáng)這些過渡性詞匯使用意識,養(yǎng)成使用習(xí)慣,確保在每次的書面表達(dá)實(shí)踐和高考書面表達(dá)考試中用上幾個,以提高書面表達(dá)得分。
二、正確使用文首交待句和文末總結(jié)句
為自然順暢地過渡下文,使文章不顯得突然意外,同學(xué)們應(yīng)學(xué)會使用文首交待句和文末總結(jié)句。文首交待句就是位于文章開頭對文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總體介紹使讀者對其有大致了解的句子。同學(xué)們可在文章開頭用肯定陳述句對全文內(nèi)容做簡要介紹,以使讀者對全文內(nèi)容有一個基本了解。當(dāng)然寫文首交待句時因情節(jié)尚未鋪開,內(nèi)容尚未介紹,可適當(dāng)寫得籠統(tǒng)概括一些。
人物介紹文文首交待句可寫成…is a/an…;單位介紹文文首交待句可寫成Our…is a/an…; 記敘文文首交待句可寫成Last Sunday we paid a visit to…;議論文文首交待句可寫成Recently our class has held a heated discussion on whether we can…;求職信文首交待句可寫成I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire a/an…and I want to apply for it;說明文文首交待句可寫成An English-Chinese dictionary is a useful tool for us to learn English.
文末總結(jié)句就是位于文章末尾對全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)的句子。此時因全文情節(jié)已經(jīng)鋪開,內(nèi)容已做介紹,讀者對文章非常了解,因此宜寫得具體明確一些。人物介紹文文末總結(jié)句可寫成Such is…, a hardworking, kind and successful…;單位介紹文文末總結(jié)句可寫成Such is our…, a beautiful and famous…;記敘文文末總結(jié)句可寫成 I have learned a lot from the visit;議論文文末總結(jié)句可寫成…h(huán)as its advantages and disadvantages, we can…but we cant….或…h(huán)as its strengths and weaknesses, so we can…but we should…; 求職信文末總結(jié)句可寫成If I can get the job, Ill work hard. 說明文文末總結(jié)句可寫成So an English-Chinese dictionary is really useful to us, we should make good use of it to learn English.
三、正確使用段首交待句
為使文章層次更清晰,行文更連貫,同學(xué)們應(yīng)學(xué)會使用段首交待句,如寫記敘文介紹人物簡歷這一段時可用…h(huán)ad a wonderful past.為段首交待句; 寫議論文介紹支持性觀點(diǎn)時可以使用Some…support the…為段首交待句;寫議論文介紹反對性觀點(diǎn)時可用However, some…dont think so.;寫議論文反映社會問題時可用Other…dont think so. They hold the view that…為段首交待句。