楊正凡
一、 感嘆句的定義
感嘆句用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情。這種句子一般以what或how開(kāi)頭,句末用感嘆號(hào),朗讀時(shí),句末用降調(diào)。將其譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí),一般為“……多么……呀(啊)!”。 what修飾后面的名詞。 how修飾后面的形容詞、副詞或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
二、 感嘆句的構(gòu)成模式
1. What + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + (主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ))!例如:
What a useful book (it is)?。ㄟ@是)多么有用的一本書(shū)啊!
What an honest boy (he is)?。ㄋ牵┮粋€(gè)多么誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩啊!
What a wonderful plan (you have made)?。阒贫耍┮粋€(gè)多么好的計(jì)劃?。?/p>
2. What + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 + (主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ))!例如:
What terrible weather (today is)?。ń裉焓牵┒嗝丛愀獾奶鞖獍?!
What beautiful girls (these are)!(這些是)多么漂亮的女孩??!
What great changes (we have had these years)?。ㄟ@些年我們經(jīng)歷了)多大的變化啊!
3. How + 形容詞/副詞 + (主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ))!例如:
How well (the clothes fit)?。ㄟ@衣服)多合身啊!
How hard you work every day!你每天工作多么努力啊!
How heavily it rained just now!剛才雨下得多大??!
How interesting the music sounds!這音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)多么美妙??!
除了以上三種模式之外,感嘆句還有其他一些模式。其中最常見(jiàn)的是由一個(gè)單一的詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。這種感嘆句簡(jiǎn)潔明快,具有鮮明的口語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)。例如:
Fire!失火了!Help!救命!My God!天呀!
Good idea!好主意!Wow!哇!Good luck!好運(yùn)!Have a good time!過(guò)得愉快!Hi/Hello!你好!Wonderful/Great/Good!好極了!Thank goodness!謝天謝地!
三、 如何做有關(guān)感嘆句的試題
1. 找出感嘆句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。感嘆句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)為自然語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后。 2. 若主語(yǔ)前面有可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),則用what a或what an引導(dǎo)感嘆句;若主語(yǔ)前面有可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,則用what引導(dǎo)感嘆句。 3. 若句中無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被省略了。若句末是名詞,則應(yīng)在前面用what,what a或what an。 若句末只有形容詞或副詞,則應(yīng)在前面用how。 例如:
1. (2002年云南?。?When I was young,I often walked around the Green Lake Park(翠湖公園) with my grandma.____ nice time it was!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
精析:句中的謂語(yǔ)是was,it是主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)前面的time為可數(shù)名詞,前面可用“a/an + 形容詞”修飾,來(lái)表示“一段……的時(shí)光”。故答案應(yīng)為B。
2. (2006年昆明市)____ natural things they are!
A. How B. What C. Which D. Where
精析:句中的they是主語(yǔ),are是謂語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞things,所以應(yīng)該用what引導(dǎo)感嘆句。故答案為B。
3. (2007年哈爾濱市) —Its reported that the 29th Olympic torch(奧運(yùn)火炬) is going to travel to 135 cities around.
—____ exciting the news is!And it will arrive at the Opening ceremony(開(kāi)幕式) on August 8th,2008.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
精析:句中的is是謂語(yǔ),the news是主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)前面沒(méi)有名詞,只有形容詞exciting,所以只能用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)感嘆句。故答案應(yīng)為C。
4. (2006年泰州市) —An earthquake(地震) hit Indonesia(印尼) yesterday.
—____ terrible news!
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
精析:句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被省略。 news是不可數(shù)名詞,其前要用what修飾。故答案應(yīng)為B。
5. (2007年寧波市) —Miss Sun,what are we going to do next?
—____ sunny day!Lets go out for doing sport.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
精析:答句中省略了主語(yǔ)it和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is。 最后一個(gè)詞day是名詞單數(shù),sunny是形容詞,其前要用what a來(lái)修飾。故答案應(yīng)選B。
四、 中考試題精練
1. (2007年蘭州市)____ it was yesterday because of the storm!
A. What bad weather B. What a bad weather
C. How bad a weather D. How bad weather
2. (2007年南通市) —____ day it is!
—Lets go out and have a picnic!
A. How could B. How nice
C. What a cloudy D. What a lovely
3. (2007年河北?。___ pretty your dress is!Where did you get it?
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
4. (2007年河南?。?—I hear that an old couple(夫婦) are traveling around China by bike.
—Oh,____ long way on their bicycles!They are so great.
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
5. (2007年濟(jì)南市)____ weather it is!
A. What a fine B. How fine
C. What fine D. How fine the
6. (2007年長(zhǎng)沙市)____ tall the boy is!He can play volleyball very well.
A. How B. What a C. What
7. (2007年甘肅?。___ warm weather it is today!Lets go climbing.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
8. (2007年呼和浩特市)____ important English speech contest(比賽) they are listening to!
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
9. (2006年沈陽(yáng)市)____ lovely weather!Lets go on a picnic!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
10. (2006年浙江?。?—Dad,do you like my picture?
—____!Its the nicest one Ive ever seen.
A. What a strong boy B. How careful
C. How wonderful D. What a brave boy
11. (2006年吉林?。___ exciting game it is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How much
12. (2005年畢節(jié)市)____ beautiful flowers they are!
A. How B. What C. Why D. Which
13. (2006年云南省) —Its raining again.
—I dont like the weather.____ it is today!
A. How cold B. What cold
C. What a cold D. How a cold
Key: 1-5 ADAAC 6-10 AACAC 11-13 BBA