朱廣春

it用法一直是高考考查的熱點(diǎn)之一，現(xiàn)就2007年高考試題，對(duì)此用法考點(diǎn)作逐一解析如下：

一、考查it作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)

1. ____ felt funny watching myself on TV. （全國(guó)II）

A. One B. This C. It D. That

解析：答案為C。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是it作形式主語(yǔ)，watching myself on TV作真正主語(yǔ)的句型。one, this, that都不能在句中作形式主語(yǔ)。

2. ____ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.（山東）

A. This B. That C. What D. It

解析：答案為D。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是it作形式主語(yǔ)，the way he keeps changing his mind作真正主語(yǔ)的句型。this, that, what都不能在句中作形式主語(yǔ)。

3. He didnt make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（天津）

A. this B. that C. it D. these

解析：答案為C。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是it作形式賓語(yǔ)，when and where the meeting would be held作真正賓語(yǔ)的句型。this, that, these都不能在句中作形式賓語(yǔ)。

TIPS：

（1）一般來說，當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，其后常接形容詞、少數(shù)名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。能夠后接it作形式賓語(yǔ)的通常是表示“認(rèn)為”的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：think,consider, feel, find以及make（使）等。

（2）在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞appreciate, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, love, prefer, see to（保證）, think of, depend on等詞或詞組后也可接it作形式賓語(yǔ)，指代if,when或that從句所包含的內(nèi)容。

①Id appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the

computer.（06山東）

A. that B. it C. this D. you

②I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（04河南）

A. this B. that C. it D. one

③Ill see to ____ that there are enough tickets for you.

A. one B. that C. it D. this

[參考答案]①B ②C ③C

（3）使用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+think（consider, feel,find, make）+it（形式賓語(yǔ)）+形容詞或名詞（賓補(bǔ)）+不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性從句（真正賓語(yǔ)）。

①I think it a duty for us to help others in trouble.

我認(rèn)為幫助處于困境中的人是我們的一種職責(zé)。

②They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.

他們想要使公眾明白，他們做的是一項(xiàng)重要且必要的工作。

二、考查it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

1. I dont mind her criticizing me, but ____ is how she does it that I

object to.（江西）

A. it B. that C. this D. which

解析：答案為A。這是it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)從句“how she does it”，將原句還原后為“I object to how she does it”。

2. It ____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.（浙江）

A. was until; when B. was until; that

C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that

解析：答案為D。這是it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks”，將原句還原后為“I didnt find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks”。題意為“直到呆在一起若干星期后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)我們之間有這么多的相似點(diǎn)”。

3. It is not who is right but what is right ____ is of importance.

（重慶）

A. which B. it C. that D. this

解析：答案為C。這是it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)從句“not who is right but what is right”，將原句還原后為“Not who is right but what is right is of importance”。

TIPS:

(1)判斷是it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是定語(yǔ)從句的方法是：去掉“It is（was）…that”后，若全句語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)意仍然完整，即可斷定為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則，可當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句來處理。

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it無(wú)詞義，但絕不可用this, that代替。

(3)is/was（不可用are/were代替）由原句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)來決定，現(xiàn)在時(shí)與將來時(shí)用is，過去時(shí)用was。

(4)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，原句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上保持不變。

(5)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象為人時(shí)，可用that/who（若強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象人作賓語(yǔ)，也可用whom）。其他情況一律用that。

(6)對(duì)人稱代詞強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，應(yīng)保持人稱代詞格不變。

(7)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述式為It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that/who+原句的其他成分。

(8)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問式為Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that/who+原句的其他成分？

(9)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問式為疑問詞+is/was it that/who+原句的其他成分？

三、考查it時(shí)間句型中狀語(yǔ)從句連詞的選用

1. ——He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.

——When was ____?

——____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.（浙江）

A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It

解析：答案為D。由第二空得知此處考查的是It+be+時(shí)間+when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，it用來表示時(shí)間，故排除A、C；又因?yàn)閮扇藬⑹龅氖沁^去發(fā)生的事情，所以要用that來表示，this常用于表示下文要提到的事。

2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.（江西）

A. when B. before C. since D. that

解析：答案為B?！癐t+be+一段時(shí)間+before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”肯定式意為“多久以后才……”；否定式意為“沒過多久就……”。本句句意為“他被告知至少在三個(gè)多月后他才能康復(fù)并重新工作”。

3. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again.（安徽）

A. after B. before C. since D. when

解析：答案為B?！癐t+be+一段時(shí)間+before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”肯定式意為“多久以后才……”；否定式意為“沒過多久就……”。本句句意為“很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后我們才能再次見面”。

TIPS:

（1）“It+be+一段時(shí)間+before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”肯定式意為“多久以后才……”；否定式意為“沒過多久就……”。

（2）“It+be+時(shí)間+when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”中it指時(shí)間，一般具體時(shí)間前無(wú)介詞，主從句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一致，意為“當(dāng)某事發(fā)生時(shí)，時(shí)間是……”。

——Did Jack come back early last night?

——Yes, it was not yet eight oclock ____ he arrived home.（05福建）

A. before B. when C. that D. until

（3）“It+be+一段時(shí)間+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”since從句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)必須是一般過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)，若since與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，則意為“某人不做某事已多久了”；若since與短暫性動(dòng)詞連用，則意為“某人做某事已多久了”。

That was really a splendid evening. Its years ____ I enjoyed myself

so much.（05安徽）

A. when B. that C. before D. since

四、考查it與one、that的區(qū)別

1. ——Have you heard the latest news?

——No, what ____?（全國(guó)I）

A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those

解析：答案為A。news為不可數(shù)名詞，it用來代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，特指前面提到的“同類同物”。

2. In my opinion,life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ____.（安徽）

A. that used to be B. it is used to

C. it was used to D. it used to be

解析：答案為D。it用來代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，特指前面提到的“同類同物”；that常用來替代帶定冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，構(gòu)成that of…的形式，表示“同類異物”；used to be 表示“過去曾經(jīng)是”；be used to則表示“習(xí)慣于”。

3. Little joy can equal ____ of a surprising ending when you read

stories.（四川）

A. that B. those C. any D. some

解析：答案為A。that 常用來替代帶定冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，構(gòu)成that of…的形式，表示“同類異物”。此句中that=the joy。句意為：沒有什么比得上讀到一個(gè)出人意料的故事結(jié)尾更快樂的事。

4. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper.（遼寧）

A. it B. those C. one D. that

解析：答案為D。it用來代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，特指前面提到的“同類同物”；one一般用來替代帶不定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞，表示“同類異物”，泛指同一類中的一個(gè)；that 常用來替代帶定冠詞的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示“同類異物”。the one=that；the ones=those， that不能指代人的概念，而those既可以替代人也可以替代物。此處that替代the information。

5. ——There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ____?

——No, Id rather buy ____ in the bookstore.（陜西）

A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it

解析：答案為A。it用來代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，特指前面提到的“同類同物”，第一空與a copy of the book指同一物，用it；one一般用來替代帶不定冠詞的可數(shù)名詞，表示“同類異物”，泛指同一類中的一個(gè),第二空符合此點(diǎn)，則用one。

演練PK臺(tái)：

1. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （06浙江）

A. As B. That C. This D. It

2. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look

after all the other peoples affairs in that town.（06湖南）

A. this B. that C. one D. it

3. If I can help ____, I dont like working late into the night.（06全國(guó)I）

A. so B. that C. it D. them

4. It was after he got what he had desired ____ he realized it was not so important. （06遼寧）

A. that B. when C. since D. as

5. It was some time ____ we realized the truth.（05山東）

A. when B. until C. since D. before

6. I prefer a flat in Inverness to ____ in Perth, because I want to live near my moms.（05天津）

A. one B. that C. it D. this

7. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.（01 全國(guó)）

A. they B. it C. one D. which

8. It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.（05天津）

A. that B. what C. which D. this

9. ——____ that he managed to get the information?

——Oh, a friend of his helped him. （05山東）

A. Where was it B. What was it

C. How was it D. Why was it

10. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ____ I'm talking to. （04廣東）

A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom

Key(3)