寫法指導(dǎo)

記敘文一般是記敘過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或經(jīng)歷，它著重寫事，也可以寫人。記敘文以寫實(shí)為主，但有時(shí)也可以虛構(gòu)，如寓言、幽默故事等也屬于記敘文。記敘文大都按時(shí)間順序?qū)懀袝r(shí)也可彩用倒敘或穿插手法進(jìn)行敘述。

記敘文著重以寫事為主。因?yàn)榭梢試@一件事或一個(gè)過(guò)程寫，也可以圍繞一個(gè)人或幾個(gè)人的活動(dòng)寫。例如：“Adventure on Hightway 66”一文既寫了Ｔom Johnson所駕駛的公共汽車在６６公路上遇險(xiǎn)到脫險(xiǎn)的過(guò)程，又寫了Tom Johnson 和１４位旅客在整個(gè)過(guò)程中的活動(dòng)。也有以記人為主的記敘文，例如：“A Little Hero”和“Portrait of a Teacher”這兩篇文章。

記敘文的內(nèi)容一般應(yīng)包括寫作角度及目的、事情的來(lái)龍去脈、關(guān)鍵情節(jié)等等。

寫記敘文的基本要求如下：

主題鮮明，內(nèi)容清楚；層次分明，有條有理；詳略得當(dāng)，主次適宜。

寫記敘文應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)如下：

仔細(xì)審題，確定主題，安排好文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次。

佳作展示

Books Are My Fovorites

Good afternoon， everyone ! I come from Class 8 Grade 1. My name is Yuanyuan. I am very honored to be given this chance to make a heart-to-heart talk here. Do you know what are my favorites? Now listen to me carefully. The following dialogue will tell you.

\"Yuanyuan， come to help me with the housework，\" said Mother. \"I'm sorry， Mum. But I'm afraid not， because I' m busy talking with my friends，\" I replied in my bedroom. \"Your friends? Only you yourself are in your bedroom. Oh！ My God! Are you crazy about your study?\" Mother felt surprised very much. I heard that and giggled for a long time. \"My friends\" I said were some books.

Now， do you know what are my favorites? Yes， books are my favorites.

When I was only a little girl of four， I read a book for the first time. That book was made up of only a few dialogues and some pictures. I was too young to understand all of them at that time， but I was quite happy to read it. How time flew ! After I learned lots of words at school， I began to read more and more books. From then on， I knew books were not only my good teachers but also my good friends. Every time my father， came back from Shenzhen， he bought some books for me and said， \"Dear daughter， here are your favorites.\" At that moment， how happy I was! I read books and news papers as soon as I was free. Some people in the books set good examples to me， such as Liu Hulan， Zhang Haidi， Lei Feng and so on. And I learned a lot from them.

I always dreamed of making friends with some great scientists like Edison in the past. Now I really can do it by reading. How interesting it sounds!

More important， books can make us more perfect. A great man once said， \"Books are spiritual food for human beings.\" Books are my good teachers. They teach me to know something about life， truth， art， science and philosophy（哲學(xué)）. They can tell me what I should do. Books are my good friends. Whenever I am happy or unhappy， I can share my happiness or unhappiness with them. They and I have gone through thick and thin together for many years. So books are my favorites. I' ll love them for ever.

As we all know， knowledge is power. We should read more books to enrich our minds. We should get ready for our future， and books can help us.

Now， come on， everybody! Let' s talk with books! Let books be our life-long friends !

Thank you.

譯文

我最喜歡讀書

大家下午好！我是一年級(jí)八班的學(xué)生，名叫園園。有機(jī)會(huì)在此和大家談心，我深感榮幸。大家知道我最喜歡什么嗎？請(qǐng)聽我給你們說(shuō)。你們聽聽下面的對(duì)話就明白了。

“圓圓，來(lái)幫我干家務(wù)活，”媽媽說(shuō)?！皨?，很抱歉，恐怕不行。我正忙著朋友談話呢，”我沒(méi)出臥室便回答說(shuō)?！昂湍愕呐笥?？屋里就你自己一人。天啊，你學(xué)習(xí)走火入魔了是不是？”媽媽驚詫不已。聽到這話我樂(lè)得咯咯笑個(gè)不停。我說(shuō)的“朋友”就是書。

現(xiàn)在，大家明白我最喜歡什么了吧？對(duì)啦，是書。

當(dāng)我還只是一個(gè)四歲小女孩的時(shí)候，我第一次閱讀了書。那里面只有幾篇對(duì)話和插圖。當(dāng)時(shí)我還太小，看不懂所有的內(nèi)容，但我還是感到異常興奮。光陰似箭！在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了更多字以后，我讀的書開始多了起來(lái)。從那時(shí)起，我認(rèn)識(shí)到書不僅是我的好老師，而且也是我的好朋友。我爸爸每次從深圳回來(lái)都會(huì)給我買一些書。他常說(shuō)：“好閨女，（爸爸）給你帶了些你最想要的東西?！贝藭r(shí)此刻，我多么高興??！我一有空就讀書看報(bào)，書本里許許多多的人物給我樹立了榜樣，有劉胡蘭、張海迪、雷鋒等。從她（他）們身上我學(xué)到了很多很多。

過(guò)去我總是夢(mèng)想與像愛(ài)迪生那樣的大科學(xué)家交朋友?，F(xiàn)在，通過(guò)讀書我圓了自己的夢(mèng)。多么有趣??！

更為重要的是，書能把我們塑造得更為完美。一位偉人曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“書是人類的精神食糧?！睍橇紟煟涛叶蒙?、真理、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)與哲理，是書告誡我該怎么做。書是益友，每當(dāng)愉快或難過(guò)時(shí)，我都能與之分享幸福或分擔(dān)憂愁。與書多年同甘共苦，難怪我最喜歡讀書，我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)珍愛(ài)它們。

眾所周知，知識(shí)就是力量。我們應(yīng)多讀好書以充實(shí)身心。我們應(yīng)為未來(lái)做好準(zhǔn)備，讀書能幫助我們走向成功。

來(lái)吧，在座的各位！讓我們與書交流，讓書成為我們終生的朋友吧！

謝謝大家。

佳作點(diǎn)評(píng)

這是一篇英語(yǔ)講演比賽稿。書能育人，又能助人，堪稱良師益友。讀好書，多讀書，與書為伴，就能終生受益。講演應(yīng)力求引起聽眾的共鳴。本文全篇貫穿“讀書”這根主線，風(fēng)趣生動(dòng)，過(guò)渡自然，一氣呵成，具有感染力。文章的得分點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在：作者能正確使用陳述、疑問(wèn)、祈使、感嘆四類句子，可見(jiàn)其語(yǔ)言基本功比較扎實(shí)。講演中運(yùn)用了be honoured to do sth，be crazy about sth.，through thick and thin 等較高級(jí)的詞語(yǔ)，很有水準(zhǔn)。但文章中的 spirit food宜改為spiritual food。

佳作展示

Self-confidence

\"Have confidence in yourself!\"This is a motto I have cherished deep in my heart for years and never shall I forget it.

When I was in Grade Two of junior middle school， I didn' t do well in my lessons. I decided to change the situation. I began to work hard. However， it seemed that all my efforts were not rewarded by success and I still made little progress. One day I felt so hopeless about my studies that tears came into my eyes without my knowing it. It happened that our Chinese teacher Miss Wang was walking by just at that moment. Seeing me sitting there alone with tears in my eyes， she asked me to go to her office. She gave me a handkerchief and said gently，\" Susan， could you tell me what has happened?\"

Hearing her words， I felt ashamed of myself for being so frail. I said shyly， \"I' m so sorry， Miss Wang， but I failed again in the recent exam. \"

Miss Wang， putting her hand on my shoulder and with a big smile on her face， said， \"Susan， but I know you are trying your best now.\"

\"How do you know?\"I was very surprised.

\"Well， usually you do your homework very carefully， with few mistakes in it， and you don' t talk with others in class these days. Right?\"

\"That is true， Miss Wang. But...but...\"

\"But what?\"

\"But I seem to be beginning to lose confidence in myself. Miss Wang， please tell me frankly:Am I stupid? You see， my school work is still very poor. I'm afraid I can never study as well as others.\"

Miss Wang was innocently astonished at hearing this.

\"Oh， no，\" she said earnestly， \"How foolish of you to say that! In fact， you are very clever -- as clever as anybody else. And you are working very hard now. But you should know that your school work wasn't very good before and you started working hard only quite recently. One cannot hope to build up one's excellent health on one mouthful -- you must keep at it. Do you understand?\"

\"Yes， I do， \"I said.

\"Susan， the other teachers and I all have full confidence in you. Since you have started working hard， you 'll certainly succeed. Have confidence in yourself. That' s the key to success.\"

I have ever since cherished Miss Wang' s words firmly in my mind and worked even harder. Sure enough I soon found myself among the top students of my class.

Today I would like to share my joy and experience with my fellow students:Whatever you do，you should do it with full confidence in yourself. Confidence can work miracles. Even if you fail， you have no reason to give yourself up. Just try again. Remember that failure is the mother of success. Confidence will help you to overcome difficulties and finally to bring your dreams into reality.

譯文

自 信

“對(duì)自己要有信心！”這是我多年珍藏在內(nèi)心深處的座右銘，今后也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記。

我讀初中二年級(jí)時(shí)，功課不好。我決心改變這種局面。我開始努力學(xué)習(xí)。然而我的所有努力似乎并沒(méi)有報(bào)以成功，我仍然進(jìn)步很小。有一天，我感到學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)什么希望了，不知不覺(jué)地流下了眼淚。恰巧就在那時(shí)，教我們語(yǔ)文的王老師從我旁邊走過(guò)。她看見(jiàn)我眼含淚水獨(dú)自坐在那兒，就讓我到她的辦公室去。她遞給我一條手帕，親切地說(shuō)：“蘇珊，能不能告訴我，出了什么事啦？”

聽到她的話，我對(duì)自己如此脆弱感到內(nèi)疚。我害羞地說(shuō)：“王老師，很抱歉，我最近的考試又沒(méi)及格。”

王老師用手撫摸著我的肩膀，笑容滿面地說(shuō)：“蘇珊，可我知道你現(xiàn)在一直在盡最大努力呀！”

“您怎么知道的？”我非常驚訝地問(wèn)。

“嗯，你做作業(yè)很認(rèn)真，差錯(cuò)很少。這些天來(lái)，你課堂上也不再和其他同學(xué)交頭接耳了。對(duì)嗎？”

“是的，王老師。但……”

“但是什么？”

“我好像開始對(duì)自己失去了信心。王老師，請(qǐng)告訴我：我笨嗎？您看，我的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)還這么差。恐怕我永遠(yuǎn)也趕不上別人了?！?/p>

聽了這話，王老師像是吃了一驚。

“噢，不，”她懇切地說(shuō)，“你說(shuō)這話是有點(diǎn)犯傻。實(shí)際上，你很聰明，和別的同’學(xué)一樣聰明。你現(xiàn)在在學(xué)習(xí)上非常下工夫。可你應(yīng)知道，你的學(xué)業(yè)以前不太好，而你僅僅是在最近才開始努力的。不能指望一口吃成個(gè)胖子喲——你要堅(jiān)持下去。明白嗎？”

“是，我明白了?！蔽艺f(shuō)。

“蘇珊，我和其他老師都對(duì)你充滿了信心。既然你已開始努力學(xué)習(xí)，你肯定會(huì)成功的。對(duì)自己要有信心，這是取得成功的秘訣?！?/p>

從那以后，我一直把王老師的話牢記在腦海里，學(xué)習(xí)更加努力了。果然，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很快加入了全班尖子生的行列。

今天，我想和同學(xué)們一起分享我的快樂(lè)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不管做什么，都應(yīng)滿懷信心地去做。自信會(huì)創(chuàng)造奇跡。即使失敗了，也沒(méi)有任何理由自暴自棄。你需要的是再努力。記住，失敗是成功之母。自信能幫你渡過(guò)難關(guān)，能使你的夢(mèng)想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。

佳作點(diǎn)評(píng)

習(xí)作主題鮮明。蘇珊原來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)不太努力，考試“屢戰(zhàn)屢敗”，有些灰心喪氣。在王老師的啟發(fā)誘導(dǎo)下，樹立起了自信心，從此勤奮努力。不久，終于夢(mèng)想成真。

文章語(yǔ)言流暢，直接引語(yǔ)運(yùn)用自如。it seemed that…，it happened that…， so…that，make progress，try one's best，as…as，would like to do sth．等句型和用語(yǔ)的使用，都是文章的亮點(diǎn)。

文章句法的提升點(diǎn)：第二段第五句…all…weren't…屬部分否定句型，根據(jù)文義，應(yīng)把a(bǔ)ll改成none of，后面的not去掉，才符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

佳作展示

My Clever Cat

I have a good friend -- a smart cat. He is handsome， with two bright eyes in the head and thick fur covering himself all over. He enjoys playing hide-and-seek with me in the sun， which brings much fun to me， though he is especially good at catching rats.

One evening， I was doing my homework silently when I noticed my cat stopped playing. I looked up， and there， about two or three metres ahead of my cat was a fat， big rat ，which seemed to be eating something. Its little eyes turning around from time to time. I held my breath and felt a bit excited. I couldn' t help wondering whether my cat was able to catch the rat or not. Suddenly， my cat jumped at the rat with his mouth open wide. The rat tried to escape， but it was too late. My cat killed it without mercy befor'e it realized what had happened， though it had ever struggled hard to break away from the jaws of my cat.

My cat held the rat between his teeth and brought it over to me as if he would tell me that he had done his duty. I felt proud of him and patted him on the head and left him enjoy his meal under the table， for he had done his work while I hadn' t finished mine yet.

How clever a cat he is ! Don' t you want to know his name now? -- \"Friend Cat\" is his name， but I'd like to call him Frank for short.

譯文

我機(jī)靈的小貓

我有一位好朋友——一只機(jī)靈的小貓。他長(zhǎng)得很漂亮，頭上一雙明亮的眼睛，渾身覆蓋著厚厚的毛。雖然他善于捉老鼠，但他還喜歡在陽(yáng)光下和我捉迷藏，這給我?guī)?lái)了很多樂(lè)趣。

一天晚上，我正在靜靜地做作業(yè)，這時(shí)我注意到小貓停下來(lái)不動(dòng)了。我抬頭張望，在那兒，距貓約兩三米的前方，一只肥大的老鼠好像在吃什么東西，小眼睛還不時(shí)地轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)去。我屏住呼吸，頓感有點(diǎn)興奮。我不禁心中擔(dān)心，我的貓能抓住老鼠嗎?突然，貓張開大嘴向老鼠猛撲過(guò)去。老鼠試圖逃脫，但為時(shí)已晚。盡管老鼠奮力掙扎想掙脫，小貓還是在它還未來(lái)得及意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么事時(shí)就無(wú)情地將它咬死了。

貓銜住老鼠，把它帶到我的面前，仿佛要告訴我他履行了自己的職責(zé)。我為他感到驕傲，輕輕地拍拍他的頭，任憑他在桌子下享受一頓美餐。我想，小貓已經(jīng)做了他應(yīng)該做的，而我還沒(méi)完成我的作業(yè)呢。

他是一只多么機(jī)靈的小貓呀！難道你不想知道他的名字嗎?Friend Cat是他的名字，而我愿常常把它昵稱為Frank。

佳作點(diǎn)評(píng)

雖為寵物，更似朋友?！獜摹癶e”在陽(yáng)光下玩耍到盡職捕鼠，再到全稱的“Friend Cat”和簡(jiǎn)稱的“Frank”，無(wú)不透出作者對(duì)“My C1ever Cat”朋友般的贊賞與喜歡。

本篇習(xí)作語(yǔ)言流暢，用詞得當(dāng)，雖個(gè)別句子較長(zhǎng)，但其中無(wú)閑詞贅語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，還很好地運(yùn)用了由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。第一個(gè)從句在文章開頭的第二句中，其先行詞是動(dòng)名詞詞組playing hide-and-seek with me in the sun；第二個(gè)從句在第二段中，其先行詞是名詞 a fat，big cat。文中還用了不少詞組，如as well，enjoy／stop／doing sth·，can’t help doing sth，in the sun，be good at doing sth.，hold one's breath和do one's duty等。能夠靈活地運(yùn)用這些詞語(yǔ)，可以提高文章的檔次和質(zhì)量。