綜觀全國各地近幾年的中考試卷，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，對易混詞語的考查占有一定的比例。本文結合2006年全國部分省市的中考題，擬對較活躍的、?？疾榈臒狳c易混詞語進行歸納，希望對同學們復習迎考有所幫助。

1. few， a few， little， a little

詞義辨析：few表示否定，意為“不多，少數”，與many相對，用來修飾或代替可數名詞的復數形式；a few表示肯定，意為“一些，有幾個”，相當于some / several，用來修飾或代替可數名詞的復數形式；little意為“很少，幾乎沒有”，與much相對，用來修飾或代替不可數名詞；a little表示肯定，意為“一點兒，一些”，用來修飾或代替不可數名詞。例如：

I have few oranges， so I can’t give you. 我只有少數幾個桔子，因此不能給你。

There is little milk in my glass. Can you give me some? 我的玻璃杯中幾乎沒有牛奶。你能給我一些嗎？

His research is very difficult， but a few people understand it. 他的研究很難，但是一些人懂它。

Don’t worry! There is a little time left. 不要擔心！還有些時間。

真題回放：(2006年湖北武漢)—How long will you stay here?

—I think I will be here for ______ more days.

A. fewB. a few C. little D. a little

(Key: B)

2. too much， much too

詞義辨析：too much意為“太多的；過量的”，其中心詞是much，它的用法和much很相似，常用來修飾不可數名詞，還可以修飾形容詞或副詞比較級；much too意為“太；非?！?，這個短語的中心詞是too，所以該短語與too一樣，修飾形容詞或副詞，但不可修飾比較級和名詞。例如：

I have too much homework to do now. 現(xiàn)在我有太多的作業(yè)要做。

The boy is too much taller than I. 這個男孩比我高多了。

The math problem is much too difficult. 這道數學題太難了。

They work much too hard. 他們工作太辛苦了。

真題回放：(2006年云南省)—Shall I get something for you? What’s your favourite?

—It’s very kind of you! Please don’t waste ______ money. Special is the best choice.

A. manyB. too manyC. too muchD. much too

(Key: C)

3. spend， cost， take， pay

詞義辨析：spend主語必須是“人”，賓語可以是“金錢，時間”等，常用于“sb spend some time/some money on sth/ (in) doing sth”句型中。cost 主語必須是表示事物的詞語，常用于“sth cost (sb) some time/some money”句型中，指“花費時間或金錢”等；take主語一般是“一件事”，一般指花費時間。如果主語是動詞不定式，常用it作形式主語，將不定式放在后面。pay 指人“結帳付款，給……報酬”，常和介詞for連用，常用于“sb pays some money for sth”句型中。pay的基本含義是“支付”，賓語可以是“人”或“錢”。例如：

David spends too much time on books. 大衛(wèi)平時花很多時間看書。

He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花了很多錢買了一輛新車。

How much do the post cards cost? 這些明信片多少錢？

The new computer costs me 8，800 yuan. 這臺新電腦花了我8800元。

The journey will take him six days. 這次旅游將花費他6天的時間。

It takes me half an hour to do the homework every day. 每天我花半個小時做作業(yè)。

You’ll have to pay me 50 yuanfor the book. 這本書你得付給我50元錢。

They had to pay two hundred yuan. 他們得付200元。

真題回放：(2006年江蘇南京)—What a beautiful sweater! How much did you ______ for it?

—198 yuan.

A. take B. cost C. payD. spend

(2006年河南省)—What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive.

—No， they only ______ 10 yuan.

A. spent B. took C. paidD. cost

(2006年福建福州)—It ______ the Chinese people eight years to build the Three Gorges Dam(三峽大壩).

—How great!

A. spendsB. costs C. paidD. took

(Keys:C， D， D)

4. sometime， some time， sometimes， some times

詞義辨析：sometime表示“在某一時候，日后，有朝一日”。通常用于過去時態(tài)和將來時態(tài)的句子中。對sometime提問時，要用特殊疑問詞when(什么時候)。some time指現(xiàn)在、過去或將來的“一段時間”，一般用作名詞詞組，在句中常與介詞for， after等連用。對它提問時，要用特殊疑問詞how long(多久)。sometimes表示“有時，間或”，常用于過去、現(xiàn)在或將來時態(tài)的句子中，可置于句首、句中或句末。當它用在句中時，通常放在be之后，實義動詞之前。對sometimes提問同對其他頻度副詞提問一樣，要用特殊疑問詞how often。some times意為“幾次，幾倍”，與時間無關，表示次數或倍數。對some times(表示“次數”)提問時，要用特殊疑問詞how many times。例如：

It will happen sometime and somewhere. 有朝一日它會在某個地方發(fā)生。

The magazine will be given back sometime next week.

→When will the magazine be given back?

She will stay here for some time. 她將在這兒呆一段時間。

We shall be away from home for some time.

→How long will you be away from home?

I’ll come back and see you sometimes， whenever I can manage it. 只要我能抽出時間，我會時常回來看你的。

Sometimes I go to the cinema with my classmate.

→How often do you go to the cinema with your classmates?

They tried some times， at last they dropped it. 他們試了幾次，最后還是放棄了。

They went there some times.

→How many times did they go there?

真題回放：(2006年江蘇連云港)They are going to have a picnic ______ next week.

A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times

(Key: A)

5. such， so

詞義辨析：such和so都可表示“這么，如此”。such是形容詞，修飾名詞。so是副詞，修飾形容詞或其他副詞。注意：當名詞前有many， much， few， little等表示多少的詞修飾時，用so而不用such。例如：

Have you seen such an interesting film? 你看過這樣有趣的電影嗎？

I’m so glad to hear from my friend. 收到我朋友的來信我真高興。

He walked so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 他跑得這么快，我趕不上他。

I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我摔了好多跤，結果全身青一塊，紫一塊。

真題回放：(2006年江蘇常州)Some drivers drive ______ fast that make people

______ are trying to cross the street afraid.

A. such， that B. even， which C. so， who D. too， whom

(2006年內蒙古包頭)The students have ______ many exercise that they can’t finish ______ in time.

A. so， them B. so， it C. such， them D. such， it

(Keys: C， A)

6. have / has been to， have / has gone to

詞義辨析：have been to意為“去過”，表示曾經去過某地，它常與just， ever， never， once， twice和several等詞連用。have gone to意為“去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回來”，不在說話地點。 例如：

They haven’t been to Australia. 他們從未去過澳大利亞。

I have just been to the post office. 我剛剛去過郵局。

—Where are they? 他們在哪兒？

—They have gone to Hawaii for their holiday. 他們去夏威夷度假了。

It can’t be Miss Zhao. She has gone to town. 那不可能是趙小姐，她進城了。

溫馨提示：當have been to后接地點副詞時，to應去掉。例如：

—Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去過長城嗎？

—Yes， I’ve been there once. 是的，我去過一次。

真題回放：

(2006年吉林省)—Where’s your father?

—He ______ Shanghai. He’ll be back next week.

A. has gone toB. has been toC. have gone toD. have been to

(2006年福建福州)—I ______ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?

—Never. I hope to visit it soon.

A. have gone toB. have been toC. have goneD. have been

(2006年江蘇揚州)—The Blacks have ______ the Phoenix Island(鳳凰島).

—Oh， really? I have never ______ there before.

A. gone to， been toB. been to， gone to

______ C. gone to， beenD. gone， been to

(Keys: A， B， A)