英語(yǔ)中的句子有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者。

試比較：The students clean the classroom every day.學(xué)生們每天打掃教室。

The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天打掃。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”，不同的時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be動(dòng)詞的形式變化表示，其變化如下表（以play為例）：

考點(diǎn)：

（1）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示“被、由”用介詞by，但注意：be covered with 被……覆蓋; be filled with 裝滿…… ; be known to 為……所知道

These mountains are covered with snow all the year round.那些山上終年積雪。

The children’s stockings are filled with presents on Christmas Eve.圣誕前夜孩子們的長(zhǎng)統(tǒng)襪里裝滿了禮物。

The Great Wall is known to the people all over the world.長(zhǎng)城為全世界的人所知道。

（2）在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，幫助構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞不能少

The old are taken good care of in our country.在我們國(guó)家老人得到很好的照料。

(3)不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，有些表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見的有cost(花費(fèi))，fit(適合)，have（占有），hold(容納)，last(持續(xù))，own(擁有)，belong to(屬于)。

We have friends all over the world.我們的朋友遍天下。

Taiwan island belongs to China.臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)。

(4)make， see， hear在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，其后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要加上to.

The boss made the workers work twelve hours every day.老板讓工人們每天工作12個(gè)小時(shí)。

The workers were made to work twelve hours every day.工人們每天被迫工作12個(gè)小時(shí)。

It is said that Lily has gone to Hong Kong.

Lily is said to have gone to Hong Kong.

據(jù)說(shuō)莉莉到香港去了。

(6)要求跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)可以是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的間接賓語(yǔ)（指人），也可以是直接賓語(yǔ)（指物），但如是物則要求在間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to/for。如：

We have been given much help.

Much help has been given to us.我們已被給予很多幫助。

(7)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義：

①感官動(dòng)詞feel/taste/look/smell/sound/等用作連系動(dòng)詞;

This material feels very soft.這個(gè)材料感覺柔軟。

②lock/open/read/sell/wash/write等表示事物的性質(zhì)、材料的質(zhì)地時(shí);

The door of my bedroom locks easily.我臥室的門容易鎖上。

This pen doesn’t write well.這支鋼筆不好寫。

③need， be worth， deserve 等后用v-ing表示被動(dòng);

This book is worth reading.這本書值得讀。

This pair of trousers needs repairing.這條褲子需要補(bǔ)。

④動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。

There are twenty more trees to plant.還有20棵樹要栽。

This question is hard to answer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題難回答。

中考真題演練：

1.It is said that potato chips _____ by mistake about a hundred years ago.

(2006北京)

A.inventB.inventedC.are inventedD.were invented

2.—Do you know who designed the CD-ROM Around the World in Eight Hours?

—Yes. It _____ by Nancy Jackson. （2006 南京）

A.has designedB.designedC.was designedD.designs

3.Teenagers should _____ to choose their own clothes.（2006 吉林）

A.allowB.to allowC.be allowedD.allowed

4.The window _____ ten minutes ago， and the room is bright now.

(2006 陜西)

A.can be cleanedB.is cleaned

C.was cleaned D.will be cleaned

5.—What’s wrong with you， Sandy? You look so worried.（2006 長(zhǎng)沙）

—My pet cat _____ by a car this afternoon. And it is in hospital now.

A. is hitB. was hitC. hit

6.The village is building a school. I hope it _____ before August this year.

（2006 江西）

A.finishesB. will finishC. is finishedD.will be finished

7.—Look. What a nice garden！—Yes. It _____ every day！ （2006 蘭州）

A.has been cleaned B.is cleaned C.is being cleanedD.was cleaned

8.The 2008 Olympics will _____ in Beijing.（2006 寧夏）

A.holdB.heldC.be heldD.being held

9.Children _____ to keep away from the medicine for their safety.

（2006 廣東肇慶）

A.are toldB.tellC.are telling

10.—What a clean classroom！ —It _____ every day?。?006 福建寧德）

A.is sweepingB.has sweptC.is sweptD.was swept

Keys: 1～5：DCCCB6～10：DBCAC