考點(diǎn)一: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have /has + 過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。其否定式是在助動(dòng)詞have/has后加not; 一般疑問(wèn)句是將助動(dòng)詞have/has移至句首。若肯定句中有already,在變成否定句、疑問(wèn)句時(shí)應(yīng)將其改成yet。
牽手中考:
1. In the last several years we _______(set)up many new factories in our home
-town. (2006年江蘇省鹽城市)
2. —What do you think of the new book by Han Han?
—Wonderful! I _______(never read)such a good book before. (2006年江蘇省連云港市)
3.Liu Yiting _______(change)a lot since she entered Harvard University. (2006年甘肅省蘭州市)
4. — _______ you _______(pay)for your shoes yet?
— Yes. They only cost me fifty dollars. (2006年江蘇省南通市)
考點(diǎn)二:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法一
表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響,常和just, already, yet等狀語(yǔ)連用。
牽手中考:
5. —Do you want to see the film “Harry Potter II”?
—The film “Harry Potter II”? I _______ it. It’s really wonderful. (2006年浙江省溫州市)
A. seeB. have seenC. was seeingD. had seen
6. —Where’s Sam? —He _______ for France.(2006年江蘇省泰州市)
A.had leftB.has leftC.leftD.will leave
7.—Is that Chris speaking?
—Sorry, he isn’t in. He _______ abroad on business. (2006年安徽省課程改革實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))
A. goesB. wentC. has goneD. will go
8.—Would you like to see the film with me?
—I’m sorry I _______ it twice. (2006年北京市)
A. seeB. will seeC. have seenD. am seeing
9. She ought to stop _______ ,she has a headache because she _______ too long. (2006年甘肅省蘭州市)
A. to work, was reading B. to work, has read
C. working, has readD. working, read
考點(diǎn)三:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法二
表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如: these days, since two months ago, since 1995, for a long time, so far, up to now, till/until now 等。表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
注意:
1.常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞和與其意義相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的“be +形容詞(副詞、分詞、名詞、 介詞短語(yǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比。
2.完成時(shí)態(tài)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for + 一段時(shí)間”, “since + 過(guò)去時(shí)間”, “since + 一段時(shí)間 + ago” 間的替換。
3.“It has been /is+ 一段時(shí)間 + since + 過(guò)去時(shí)間或從句(從句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí))”。
牽手中考:
10. — Will you watch the World Cup match this year? (2006年浙江省杭州市)
—No, but I _______ several World Cup matches since I was a small child.
A. had seen B. seeC. was seeing D. have seen
11. The life we were used to_______ greatly since 1992. (2006年江蘇省蘇州市)
A. change B. has changedC. changingD. have changed
12. My father _______ on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days. (2006年河北省課程改革實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))
A. leftB. has leftC. has goneD. has been away
13. — Your bike looks nice. Is it new?
—No, I _______ it for two months. (2006年湖北省武漢市)
A. have hadB. had boughtC. would buy
14. — How long has he _______ the dictionary?
— For two years. (2006年湖北省宜昌市)
A. borrowed B. lent C. hadD. bought
15. —I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long .
—Never mind. I _______ here for only a few minutes. (2006年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市)
A. have been B. have come C. have arrivedD. waited
16. —How long _______ the film KING KONG ?
—For just several minutes. (2006年黑龍江省哈爾濱市)
A. did, beginB. has, begunC. has, been on
考點(diǎn)四:have/has gone to和have/has been to的區(qū)別
have/has been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了”,have/has gone to表示“已經(jīng)去某地了,現(xiàn)在不在這里”。
牽手中考:
17. — I want to return the book to Jack, but I can’t find him.
— He _______ the library. You can find him there. (2006年江蘇省南通市)
A. has been toB. has gone toC. has leftD. went to
18. —I _______ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?
—Never. I hope to visit it soon. (2006年福建省福州市課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))
A. have gone toB. have been toC. have goneD. have been
考點(diǎn)五:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。所以,表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)只能和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用,而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
牽手中考:
19. —Scott has already returned to our town.
—Really? Where _______ you _______ him?(2006年四川省成都市)
A. do; see B. have; seenC. did; see
20. —Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.
—My watch!Thank you. Where _______ it? (2006年浙江省紹興市)
A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding