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        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)“大放送”

        2007-04-12 00:00:00
        初中生世界·八年級(jí) 2007年3期

        考點(diǎn)一: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成

        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have /has + 過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。其否定式是在助動(dòng)詞have/has后加not; 一般疑問(wèn)句是將助動(dòng)詞have/has移至句首。若肯定句中有already,在變成否定句、疑問(wèn)句時(shí)應(yīng)將其改成yet。

        牽手中考:

        1. In the last several years we _______(set)up many new factories in our home

        -town. (2006年江蘇省鹽城市)

        2. —What do you think of the new book by Han Han?

        —Wonderful! I _______(never read)such a good book before. (2006年江蘇省連云港市)

        3.Liu Yiting _______(change)a lot since she entered Harvard University. (2006年甘肅省蘭州市)

        4. — _______ you _______(pay)for your shoes yet?

        — Yes. They only cost me fifty dollars. (2006年江蘇省南通市)

        考點(diǎn)二:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法一

        表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響,常和just, already, yet等狀語(yǔ)連用。

        牽手中考:

        5. —Do you want to see the film “Harry Potter II”?

        —The film “Harry Potter II”? I _______ it. It’s really wonderful. (2006年浙江省溫州市)

        A. seeB. have seenC. was seeingD. had seen

        6. —Where’s Sam? —He _______ for France.(2006年江蘇省泰州市)

        A.had leftB.has leftC.leftD.will leave

        7.—Is that Chris speaking?

        —Sorry, he isn’t in. He _______ abroad on business. (2006年安徽省課程改革實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))

        A. goesB. wentC. has goneD. will go

        8.—Would you like to see the film with me?

        —I’m sorry I _______ it twice. (2006年北京市)

        A. seeB. will seeC. have seenD. am seeing

        9. She ought to stop _______ ,she has a headache because she _______ too long. (2006年甘肅省蘭州市)

        A. to work, was reading B. to work, has read

        C. working, has readD. working, read

        考點(diǎn)三:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法二

        表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如: these days, since two months ago, since 1995, for a long time, so far, up to now, till/until now 等。表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

        注意:

        1.常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞和與其意義相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的“be +形容詞(副詞、分詞、名詞、 介詞短語(yǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比。

        2.完成時(shí)態(tài)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for + 一段時(shí)間”, “since + 過(guò)去時(shí)間”, “since + 一段時(shí)間 + ago” 間的替換。

        3.“It has been /is+ 一段時(shí)間 + since + 過(guò)去時(shí)間或從句(從句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí))”。

        牽手中考:

        10. — Will you watch the World Cup match this year? (2006年浙江省杭州市)

        —No, but I _______ several World Cup matches since I was a small child.

        A. had seen B. seeC. was seeing D. have seen

        11. The life we were used to_______ greatly since 1992. (2006年江蘇省蘇州市)

        A. change B. has changedC. changingD. have changed

        12. My father _______ on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days. (2006年河北省課程改革實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))

        A. leftB. has leftC. has goneD. has been away

        13. — Your bike looks nice. Is it new?

        —No, I _______ it for two months. (2006年湖北省武漢市)

        A. have hadB. had boughtC. would buy

        14. — How long has he _______ the dictionary?

        — For two years. (2006年湖北省宜昌市)

        A. borrowed B. lent C. hadD. bought

        15. —I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long .

        —Never mind. I _______ here for only a few minutes. (2006年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市)

        A. have been B. have come C. have arrivedD. waited

        16. —How long _______ the film KING KONG ?

        —For just several minutes. (2006年黑龍江省哈爾濱市)

        A. did, beginB. has, begunC. has, been on

        考點(diǎn)四:have/has gone to和have/has been to的區(qū)別

        have/has been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了”,have/has gone to表示“已經(jīng)去某地了,現(xiàn)在不在這里”。

        牽手中考:

        17. — I want to return the book to Jack, but I can’t find him.

        — He _______ the library. You can find him there. (2006年江蘇省南通市)

        A. has been toB. has gone toC. has leftD. went to

        18. —I _______ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?

        —Never. I hope to visit it soon. (2006年福建省福州市課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū))

        A. have gone toB. have been toC. have goneD. have been

        考點(diǎn)五:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

        現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。所以,表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)只能和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用,而不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。

        牽手中考:

        19. —Scott has already returned to our town.

        —Really? Where _______ you _______ him?(2006年四川省成都市)

        A. do; see B. have; seenC. did; see

        20. —Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.

        —My watch!Thank you. Where _______ it? (2006年浙江省紹興市)

        A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding

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