寫法指導(dǎo)

記敘文一般是記敘過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或經(jīng)歷，它著重寫事，也可寫人。記敘文以寫實(shí)為主，但有時(shí)也可以虛構(gòu)，如寓言、幽默故事等也屬于記敘文。記敘文大都按時(shí)間順序?qū)懀袝r(shí)也可采用倒敘或穿插手法進(jìn)行敘述。

記敘文著重以寫事為主。因此可以圍繞一件事或一個(gè)過(guò)程寫，也可以圍繞一個(gè)人或幾個(gè)人的活動(dòng)寫。例如：“Adventure on Highway 66”一文既寫了Tom Johnson所駕駛的公共汽車在66號(hào)公路上遇險(xiǎn)到脫險(xiǎn)的過(guò)程，又寫了Tom Johnson和14位旅客在整個(gè)過(guò)程中的活動(dòng)。也有以記人為主的記敘文，例如“A Little Hero”和“Portrait of a Teacher”這兩篇文章。

記敘文的內(nèi)容一般應(yīng)包括寫作角度及目的、事情的來(lái)龍去脈、關(guān)鍵情節(jié)等等。

寫記敘文的基本要求如下：

主題鮮明，內(nèi)容清楚；層次分明，有條有理；詳略得當(dāng)，主次適宜。

寫記敘文應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)如下：

仔細(xì)審題，確定主題，安排好文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次。

例文

記述喬治一家所發(fā)生的事：?jiǎn)讨蔚暮⒆觽冸m然已放假，但他(她)們很懶惰，房子里東西零亂，臥室很臟，廚房中的碟子也未洗，晚飯也沒(méi)做。喬治進(jìn)屋時(shí)，看見(jiàn)他的夫人正坐在電視機(jī)前看電視，于是全家吃晚飯時(shí)就此事召開了家庭會(huì)議。

The Georges' children are at home during the school holidays. When Mr George came in from work one evening， the house was very untidy and the children were out. He became very angry. Look ! His children' s bedroom looked like a rubbish dump. The kitchen was full of dirty plates. There was water everywhere on the floor. Supper was uncooked， but his wife sitting in front of the television.

At the time of supper， all the family members discussed carefully what happened. You can imagine how they had the problem solved satisfactorily.

點(diǎn)撥：這篇記敘文雖短，但寫得很好：(1)交代了事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間——school holidays；(2)地點(diǎn)——Mr George's home；(3)主要人物——Mr and Mrs George及 their children；(4)事情的經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果——result(family discussion)。

記敘文體在日常生活中使用十分廣泛，寫作中涉及的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象也比較多。如過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、人物間直接對(duì)話引用中的一般時(shí)以及間接引語(yǔ)、疑問(wèn)句等，都是在記敘文體中經(jīng)常使用、交叉使用、靈活使用的，這可以考查出學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)用能力的高低，所以同學(xué)們應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)常練習(xí)，以提高記敘文體的寫作技能。

下面的文章，寫作線索都是以人物、事件為中心展開的，請(qǐng)閱讀、學(xué)習(xí)、評(píng)論并借鑒。

佳作展示

Think before You Act

How time flies ! I have been a member of the No. 1 Middle School of Xianyou for about ten weeks. And today comes our school sports meet， I feel on top of the world.

I picked up my digital camera and hurriedly rode to the campus， for I love taking photos of lively scenes. This is my hobby. First I took a photo of the whole playground while standing high on top of Jinshi Hill. Then I went down to watch the long-distance race. Yu Xuyong， one of my classmates managed to run 1500-metre race. I took another photo of him at the finishing line. He got the first place and we were all proud of him. His everyday hard practice led him to success today and that was the case with his study， I thought. I would learn from him and work harder to face the coming mid-term exams and get a satisfactory result.

I was still deep in thought when the girl' s 100-metre race began. I hurried to the finishing line of the race to seize the right moment to get a good shot. To my disappointment， we lost the game. But we all comforted her and told her not to be sad. It doesn't matter much whether we win or not. It is more important to take a part.

I felt very tired after a day' s photographing. But I was too impatient to know the results. As soon as I got back home， I turned on the computer. At that time I realized what I had done—I didn' t have the camera checked! It means losing all photos I took today. I feel terribly sorry. All I have done today means nothing. That very small mistake tells me that I should do anything after thinking carefully or nothing can be done well. Remember:Think before you act.

譯文

要三思而行

光陰似箭。我到仙游第一中學(xué)讀書轉(zhuǎn)眼十周過(guò)去了。今天迎來(lái)了學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，我真是欣喜若狂。

我一把抓起數(shù)碼相機(jī)，跳上自行車飛快地趕往校園。因?yàn)榕恼帐俏业臉I(yè)余愛(ài)好，我喜歡拍攝熱鬧的場(chǎng)面。我先是站在金石山上拍了一張操場(chǎng)的全景，接著下山看長(zhǎng)跑比賽。我班余旭勇同學(xué)取得了1500米賽跑的第一名。我抓拍了一張他沖向終點(diǎn)線時(shí)的英姿。大家都為他感到驕傲。他日復(fù)一日的苦練終于換來(lái)了今天的成功。我想，他在學(xué)習(xí)上又何嘗不是如此呢?我決心以他為榜樣，努力學(xué)習(xí)，力爭(zhēng)期中考試獲得好成績(jī)。

我正在沉思時(shí)，女子100米跑開始了。我趕緊跑到終點(diǎn)線又搶拍了一個(gè)鏡頭。令我失望的是，我班選手比賽失利了。但是我們還是安慰她，告訴她不要難過(guò)，不要過(guò)于介意輸贏，重在參與。

盡管照了一天相感到很累，但我還是迫不及待地想看一下相片的效果。我一回到家便打開電腦。這時(shí)我才意識(shí)到自己做了一件蠢事——我沒(méi)有檢查相機(jī)!這意味著所有照片都前功盡棄，一天的汗水也付諸東流。我感到很沮喪。這個(gè)小小的失誤告誡我：凡事要三思而后行，否則將一事無(wú)成。要記住：行動(dòng)之前多思考。

佳作點(diǎn)評(píng)

學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是作者翹首以待的日子。于是作者不辭辛勞地想用相機(jī)記錄下諸多美妙的瞬間。但忙中出錯(cuò)，造成后悔莫及的后果。他告誡人們：凡事要三思而后行。

文章段落分明，順理成章，最后點(diǎn)明中心思想：Think before You Act。寫作中運(yùn)用了take a photo，manage to do sth.，get(the)first place，on top of theworld，lead to 等詞組。感嘆句、倒裝句以及不同時(shí)態(tài)也都運(yùn)用自如。第三段中最后兩句用it作形式主語(yǔ)也是文章的得分點(diǎn)。