瑞安市莘塍鎮(zhèn)民辦的歷史文化名人葉適紀(jì)念館，自2003年7月開館以來，如今已名揚(yáng)省內(nèi)外。繼香港鳳凰中文衛(wèi)視采訪之后，2006年10月下旬中央電視臺又派記者到館拍攝。這座紀(jì)念館參觀者踴躍，館內(nèi)館外常常人頭攢動，觀眾反映說：“民力辦館，多么興旺！”

洛川河上矗起葉適大樓

瑞安地處浙南，民間文化土壤極為深厚，古來文風(fēng)鼎盛，史稱“東南小鄒魯”，歷代圣賢輩出，至南宋更出了個著名的唯物主義思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家，兵部、工部侍郎、寶文閣待制、永嘉學(xué)派代表人物葉適。

葉適1150年出生于浙江瑞安縣城南門望江橋（后稱水心街）。他晚年潛心著述，聚徒講學(xué)，主張事功學(xué)說，倡導(dǎo)務(wù)實(shí)創(chuàng)新，通商惠工，反對空談，由于“響應(yīng)者日眾”，遂和朱熹的道學(xué)、陸九淵的心學(xué)鼎足為三，對于浙閩的工商經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，尤其是后世溫州模式經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮影響至深。其直系子孫從20代起至今傳承到26代計(jì)有萬余人，這些后代如今有一半聚居莘塍鎮(zhèn)直洛河兩岸的星火、和平與金星幾個村落。特別是洛川葉氏家族，秉承先祖的“扶持商賈”、“不以義抑利”的事功旨意，乘上改革開放的春風(fēng)學(xué)先賢，干大事，辦企業(yè)，以膽識與技能闖市場，“戀鄉(xiāng)不守土，敢冒知進(jìn)退，自信不自滿，重利不守財(cái)”，很快地致富，并帶動莘塍全鎮(zhèn)迅猛發(fā)展，因而在全省經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)鎮(zhèn)中占據(jù)了一席之地！

莘塍富了，一向以“耕讀傳家”為立家之本的葉氏子孫將何去何從，今后究竟該走哪條路？這個嚴(yán)肅課題，擺到了葉適的第26代孫、溫州車舟汽車部件有限公司董事長葉輔忠先生的面前。真是無巧不成書，正當(dāng)葉輔忠嚴(yán)肅思考這個課題之時，中國社會科學(xué)院等單位在溫州聯(lián)合舉辦“紀(jì)念葉適誕辰850周年暨永嘉學(xué)派國際學(xué)術(shù)研討會”，會上100多位國內(nèi)外著名專家學(xué)者對葉適的哲學(xué)思想及其歷史價(jià)值和對其事功學(xué)說，涉及溫州蓬勃的商賈文化底蘊(yùn)和影響浸潤名震中外的溫州模式，進(jìn)行剖析及高度的評價(jià)，會后光明日報(bào)出版社選編出版了《葉適與永嘉學(xué)派論集》，葉適入選溫州、瑞安十大歷史文化名人之列。祖先成了歷史文化名人，葉適子孫們奔走相告，并在傳遞喜訊中商討如何傳承祖先的遺愿，葉輔忠、葉文清、葉偉東等人對此先后心中一亮：我們?nèi)~氏子孫，富裕之后，一方面理當(dāng)走正道，辦正事，以爭取更加勤勞更加富裕，做葉適的好后代，一方面也得出錢出力為這位青史耀人的先賢樹碑、立傳、建館，以優(yōu)秀的中華傳統(tǒng)文化激勵后人愛鄉(xiāng)愛國。葉輔忠等幾十號人夜以繼日進(jìn)行考察籌資：葉輔忠?guī)ь^捐8萬元，葉偉東捐4萬元，尤小平捐3萬元，全村眾多村民也紛紛解囊，踴躍捐資，捐資數(shù)目很快達(dá)到200多萬元。葉適后裔、國家一級注冊設(shè)計(jì)師葉耀松慨然承擔(dān)了葉適紀(jì)念館的義務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)，葉氏后裔的女婿、瑞安建筑公司項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理蔡金普主動承擔(dān)打樁施工的艱難任務(wù)。從6月10日開工打樁至12月19日上梁封頂，工地上車水馬龍，熱火朝天。葉氏后裔及周邊村民送水遞茶，運(yùn)泥挑沙，熱鬧非凡，男女老少3000多人次參加了義務(wù)勞動，其中最年長的已達(dá)87歲高齡。

從創(chuàng)意、規(guī)劃、籌資、建造、布展和運(yùn)作，除鎮(zhèn)政府獎勵20萬元之外，全靠民辦力量，在短短兩年時間里，一座高達(dá)6層、面積980平方米的葉適大樓就巍然矗立在洛川河上。

創(chuàng)建一個新型民間紀(jì)念館

葉適紀(jì)念館當(dāng)家人由民眾公選產(chǎn)生，館長葉輔忠頗具現(xiàn)代意識，副館長葉文清富有活力和激情，他倆不負(fù)眾望，頂住陳舊的輿論壓力，堅(jiān)決摒棄傳統(tǒng)宗祠與廟宇的落后舊習(xí)，決心將它辦成全省一流的民間名人紀(jì)念館。

在空間設(shè)計(jì)上，六層大樓開闊敞亮，不同于傳統(tǒng)祠堂廟宇低矮封閉暗淡的格式；在瞻仰方式上，避開了燒香點(diǎn)蠟舊式祭拜，也不刻意宣傳學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕或葉氏先祖的官祿秩級，而用現(xiàn)代文明意識，弘揚(yáng)先人造福百姓的優(yōu)秀文化精神，以傳播科學(xué)發(fā)展的和諧理念；在內(nèi)容的布展上，精心篩選了300多幅圖片文物配以翔實(shí)的文字介紹葉適生平與學(xué)說，以葉適愛國、抗金、惠民、興利除弊、興辦教育及潛心著述為主線，突出他的“經(jīng)世名臣”生平業(yè)績和他作為“有理論、有綱領(lǐng)、有事功、有理想的政治家和思想家”的綱領(lǐng)要點(diǎn)及對后世的深遠(yuǎn)影響。

作者有幸在紀(jì)念館看到葉適晚年辭官后花16年心血凝成的《習(xí)學(xué)記言序目》50卷本，看到他議論風(fēng)生、自成一家的散文和“早已精嚴(yán)，晚尤高遠(yuǎn)”的長短詩詞，看到他主張功利、改革內(nèi)政、扶商賈而惠農(nóng)工等在南宋思想界高舉愛國主義、功利主義及反唯心理學(xué)的三面旗幟，心中引起了強(qiáng)烈共鳴。

葉適紀(jì)念館開館之后，全年實(shí)行免費(fèi)開放，接待經(jīng)費(fèi)用“以商養(yǎng)館”的民間模式解決，紀(jì)念館將底層辟出三大間鋪面讓給后裔興辦“好上好”服裝超市，讓其每年上交辦館經(jīng)費(fèi)。

兩年多來，該館吸引了4.5萬市民尤其是中小學(xué)師生來館參觀，瑞安十幾所重點(diǎn)中小學(xué)與紀(jì)念館簽約，確定葉適紀(jì)念館為學(xué)生思想道德教育基地，瑞安市委宣傳部、溫州市文明辦不但把它列為青少年愛國主義教育實(shí)踐基地，且連年授予它先進(jìn)或優(yōu)秀紀(jì)念館的光榮稱號。紀(jì)念館的先進(jìn)辦館理念吸引了眾多新聞媒體的關(guān)注，其開拓創(chuàng)新的運(yùn)作手法還被《人民日報(bào)》《光明日報(bào)》等眾多媒體報(bào)道。

公益延伸子孫再譜新篇

葉適紀(jì)念館除了堅(jiān)持“公益”和無償服務(wù)外，還面向社會，助推鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明。3年來，他們敞門迎客，盡心服務(wù)。每天東方泛白，許多晨練的男女老少紛紛入館參觀瀏覽，并在館里歇腳休憩；中午當(dāng)有些老人小休之時，恰是晏起的青年男女來館看畫學(xué)書的好時機(jī)；下午三四點(diǎn)鐘小學(xué)放學(xué)，這里又成了孩子們背古訓(xùn)、抄格言、讀詩詞的樂園。紀(jì)念館還為學(xué)生無償提供學(xué)習(xí)資料和鉆研的課題，為教師提供備課線索。把企業(yè)全托給兒子管理、自己一心撲在紀(jì)念館的葉輔忠感慨地說：“你別小看這參觀的數(shù)字。每來一個村民、一個青少年，就是一次中華傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)秀文化的洗禮，也是一種境界的提升。我們無償服務(wù)，希望吸引更多的人追求科學(xué)與文明，離開賭桌與廟宇?！?/p>

2004年，葉輔忠想到館處農(nóng)村信息不暢，難以每天給村民和外來務(wù)工人員提供新鮮的精神食糧，便與葉偉東籌資3萬多元，在館外建起30多米長的兩個漂亮閱報(bào)欄，并裝上明亮的電燈。從此，館里長年訂閱從中央到本市的多種報(bào)紙刊物和圖文資料。朝朝夕夕，閱報(bào)欄前多了好學(xué)者、凝思者，而管理員則加重了每早掃除、換報(bào)的辛勞。

擴(kuò)辦閱報(bào)欄受歡迎觸發(fā)了葉偉東，盡管他經(jīng)營經(jīng)緯氣動液壓元件公司事務(wù)繁忙，但他對傳承民族文化情有獨(dú)鐘，又捐資創(chuàng)建了葉適紀(jì)念館網(wǎng)站，不斷輸入葉適生平業(yè)績資料和介紹國內(nèi)外研究葉適學(xué)說動態(tài)，吸引了很多傳統(tǒng)文化愛好者上網(wǎng)點(diǎn)擊，紀(jì)念館從此長上現(xiàn)代信息化的雙翼。

后來葉輔忠聽到各地圖書館及學(xué)校缺少葉適與永嘉學(xué)派的典籍圖書，缺少最新的研究成果，他又下決心籌資10萬元重版了《葉適傳》《葉適與永嘉學(xué)派》及《葉適年譜》三種書籍分贈溫州各地圖書館、檔案館及中學(xué)。瑞安市教育局局長葉耀國贊嘆：“自己出錢出力為教育服務(wù)，葉適紀(jì)念館真是做到家了。”

為了弘揚(yáng)葉適幫貧助弱的仁愛亮點(diǎn)，葉輔忠、葉偉東等人更是熱心于慈善事業(yè)。這兩年除多次發(fā)動幫助遭受火災(zāi)、大病的困難村民，還設(shè)立葉氏子孫獎學(xué)制度，開展70歲以上老人敬老慰問及免費(fèi)體檢活動，并籌款為老人免費(fèi)做白內(nèi)障手術(shù)，三年中凡葉氏子弟考上大學(xué)本科以上的，都獎給1000元紅包。2006年星火、和平、董田三個村單單考上碩士研究生的就有4人，本科大學(xué)第一批錄取9人，紀(jì)念館全部給他們發(fā)了獎金。葉適紀(jì)念館如今成了市、鎮(zhèn)的“金名片”。最近紀(jì)念館還積極籌辦電影放映室、籌建流動電影放映隊(duì)，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大科普宣傳。葉輔忠館長雄心勃勃地說：“接下來我們還打算籌建葉適教育專項(xiàng)基金，并計(jì)劃明后年舉辦‘葉適思想和溫州模式的創(chuàng)新國際論壇’，讓‘溫州學(xué)’輻射世界?！?/p>

葉氏子孫遍及海內(nèi)外，希望名流學(xué)者見到此文后，惠賜丹青墨寶， 以便紀(jì)念館珍藏?cái)U(kuò)容。

（本文攝影 葉偉東）

Memorial in Honor of Scholar

By Zhang Yi

The Ye family in Rui’an in southern Zhejiang Province has every reason to build a memorial to honor Ye Shi， their common ancestor in the 12th century. Ye Shi， born in 1150， is not just an ancestor. He was an educator， literary master， high-ranking government official and thinker. He was also a representative figure of the Yongjia School， a group of pioneering academicians who put forward pro-business thoughts in the spirit of down-to-earth pragmatism more than 800 years ago. This might sound nothing to write home about， but it was somehow quite rare in the feudal China where business was belittled for thousands of years. Today， many theorists attribute Ye and his colleagues’ nine-century-old thought as the most important ideological input to the province’s miraculously flourishing private business sector in the last twenty years.

The Ye family is not just an ordinary family in Rui’an. If Ye Shi is counted as the patriarch， his descendents in Rui’an are of the 26th generation. Today the family has more than 10，000 people and half of them live in a number of villages between the Luo River and Shencheng Town， one of the province’s top towns with a prosperous local economy.

In 2001， the China Academy of Social Sciences and other organizations held an international forum in Wenzhou in commemoration of the 850th anniversary of Ye Shi and the Yongjia School. Over 100 scholars from home and abroad attended the forum and discussed Ye’s theories and his influence on today’s Wenzhou Mode which has made significant and exemplary contribution to the economic development in the nation’s modernization drive during the last two decades. After the event， Guangming Daily， a national newspaper that focuses on science， culture and education， published the select works of Ye and Yongjia School. On another occasion， Ye was selected as one of the top ten historical celebrities of Wenzhou origin.

The Ye family was happy after learning the good news about their ancestor. Ye Fuzhong， a local business owner， proposed to have a memorial built in the honor of the patriarch and donated 80，000 yuan. His proposal received warm responses within the large family in the village of Luochuan， where the Ye family is a leading clan and a leading force in the economic takeoff of Shencheng Town. Donations flooded in and soon amounted to over 2 million. The construction work kicked off on June 10， 2001 and the roof was sealed on December 19， 2001. During the period， villagers including children and elderly people worked voluntarily for the project. People from neighboring villages also came over to help.

In July 2003， the six-story 980-square-meter Ye Shi Memorial was open to public.

The memorial is not an ancestral temple. There is no altar for memorial ceremonies. The memorial is not designed to focus on the official titles and academic honors Ye Shi had more than 800 years ago. It focuses on his cultural heritage and promotes development of science and concept of harmony. Over 300 paintings and illustrations and other exhibits are totally devoted to Ye Shi’s patriotism， his fight against the northern invaders， his life achievements in disseminating knowledge， pursuing truth， adopting measures to help people， etc.

Part of the ground floor is rented out to business and the rental income is used as the administrative fund. The memorial charges no fees for visiting. Since the opening up to public， 45，000 residents and school students have visited the memorial. The memorial also provides free services to all the villagers who can visit it during daytime. Actually it is like a public center accessed by all the villagers. In 2004， Ye Fuzhong and Ye Weidong raised 30，000 yuan to set up a newspaper gallery outside the memorial， providing an information space for villagers and immigrant workers. The memorial subscribes to many newspapers and magazines for readers. Ye Weidong， a business owner， raised money and set up a website on Ye Shi for netizens to visit. The website not only exhibits Ye Shi’s life but also inputs latest research results on the scholar and his thoughts.

Ye Fuzhong raised 100，000 yuan and had three books on Ye Shi and Yongjia School reprinted and distributed the reprinted copies free of charge to libraries， government archives， and middle schools across Wenzhou.

The descendents of Ye Shi have practiced the ideas of their patriarch so successfully for the first time in the history. Now with the memorial built， they are striving to keep the ancestor’s ideas alive and carry them on to the future.

(Translated by David)