金雅琴東京獲桂冠

電影《我們倆》讓我媽媽金雅琴81歲時在半個月內(nèi)連獲東京電影節(jié)最佳女主角和金雞百花電影節(jié)最佳女主角兩項(xiàng)大獎。張藝謀作為東京電影節(jié)評委會主席，在頒獎儀式上激動地說：“之前我只知道她是個老資格的舞臺劇演員，沒想到她84歲（實(shí)際上是81歲）第一次（實(shí)際上也不是第一次）演電影就可以得到這項(xiàng)代表亞洲最高榮譽(yù)的獎項(xiàng)，所有評委都為她的表演所感動，在評選中全票通過將最佳女主角獎項(xiàng)給她?！?/p>

張藝謀確實(shí)跟我媽不熟悉，但他跟我爸爸牛星麗熟悉。在1986年吳天明導(dǎo)演的《老井》里面，張藝謀是攝像，又是第一次演男主角，我爸爸在戲里演他爺爺。那時他經(jīng)常穿著件大衣上我們家來找我爸，可能就是這件軍大衣的影響，我媽老把他當(dāng)成是修電燈的。張藝謀一來，我媽就問我爸：“咱家燈泡又壞了？”我爸也每次都得跟我媽解釋一回：“沒壞。人家是搞攝像的?！?/p>

現(xiàn)在說起來，就想說是“無巧不成書”。張藝謀和我爸，還有梁玉瑾、呂麗萍主演的《老井》，最初也是在東京電影節(jié)上獲的獎；隔了20年，又輪到我媽了。

我媽因?yàn)槟顷囎由眢w不舒服，沒去成東京。獲獎之后，《我們倆》的導(dǎo)演馬儷文帶著小姑娘宮哲，舉著鮮花來給我媽送獎杯。馬儷文沖進(jìn)屋抱著我媽喊：“你獲獎后，我們都非常激動，這是中國人民的驕傲！”她又把張藝謀那番話轉(zhuǎn)述了一遍，然后拉著我媽的手說：“接住，這是你的獎杯！”我媽接過獎杯仔細(xì)端詳了一小會兒，說：“哦，這是獎杯啊。”滿屋子的人聽了都大笑起來。馬導(dǎo)說：“這是獎杯。您千萬別當(dāng)水杯給用了！”大伙又是一陣兒哄堂大笑。

這時候，我媽臉上忽然露出了極為少見的、特別不好意思的表情，我覺得十分驚訝。我媽說：“你瞧，這其實(shí)都是大家的功勞，怎么都?xì)w我一人了？！”她這還真不是客氣。我媽為人熱心仗義，這輩子凈替人家擔(dān)不是，她都習(xí)慣了；此次意外地為大伙兒擔(dān)了回榮譽(yù)，她反倒很不自在了。

朱琳幫我?guī)Ш⒆?/p>

人藝的好角兒多，朱琳阿姨又是好角兒里的好角兒。她的高貴，她的雅致，她的風(fēng)韻，沒有一個不稱道，我們心里都還裝著她扮演的《蔡文姬》，裝著《推銷員之死》，裝著《洋麻將》。要是這世界上還保留著北京人藝這座中國話劇殿堂，朱琳阿姨的名字一定會刻在這座殿堂的最顯眼處，她是永遠(yuǎn)令我們驕傲的大頭牌！

我記得在《推銷員之死》里，戲快結(jié)束時60歲的朱琳阿姨所飾演的琳達(dá)，穿著黑色喪服佇立在丈夫的墓前；參加送葬的人們都離去了，剩下她孤零零一人慢慢走向臺口。她在臺口停住，全身一動不動：“我哭不出來。今天，我們付清了最后一筆欠款，我們自由了！可是，人卻沒有了?！卑ㄎ以趦?nèi)的首都劇場數(shù)千觀眾，都木呆呆被釘坐在椅子上，沒有人想到這里的戲是要散場的！

因?yàn)槌绨葜炝瞻⒁?，所以我與一般觀眾一樣，反而會覺得她和我們之間有著很遙遠(yuǎn)的距離。我也算是她看著長大的孩子，但我始終沒有能挨近她的生活。

我的女兒耕耕比我幸運(yùn)。有次我爸與朱琳阿姨一起拍電視劇，帶著耕耕同去。朱琳阿姨的戲先拍完，就提前帶耕耕回來了。偏巧那時我忙著辦廣告公司，竟騰不出時間去接孩子，耕耕在朱琳阿姨家被擱了一個星期。

等我去接耕耕的時候，就問她朱琳奶奶怎么樣？耕耕告訴我，“朱琳奶奶最好了！她每天早晨給我梳小辮?！蔽掖蟪砸惑@。我原以為把耕耕放在她家，自會有保姆去照顧的，所以心里還挺坦然。哪里知道，耕耕在她家里，都是朱琳親自給孩子洗澡、講故事、陪著吃飯，等于是我讓朱琳阿姨幫我?guī)Я艘粋€星期的孩子！我隱隱地感到有些愧疚。不過，從這件事我知道，朱琳阿姨原來也像我們這些庸俗的人一樣“庸俗”地生活著?？墒?，為什么在舞臺上，她就帶不出一點(diǎn)庸俗來呢？我不求買到章子怡推薦的美容霜，但我真的很渴望這世間研制出朱琳牌的去俗藥。

牛星麗、黃宗洛說相聲

接替我媽到大興參加勞動的正好是我爸牛星麗和黃宗洛。因?yàn)槲覌屘t了，把我爸和黃宗洛可就害“苦”了。老鄉(xiāng)們數(shù)落我爸說：“你看人家老金，天天給我們唱歌唱戲的。你們倆不也是搞文藝的嗎？怎么除了干活，什么也不會啊？”

我爸和黃宗洛受了刺激，一致認(rèn)為不能輸給金雅琴。他們連夜編了個反映農(nóng)村生活的相聲，黃逗哏，牛捧哏，預(yù)定說半個小時；藏的包袱是學(xué)各種牲口叫，從學(xué)雞叫開始，到最后一學(xué)驢叫，我爸送來一句“別挨罵了”，兩人就下場。

第二天勞動休息時，我爸和黃宗洛主動說，“我們給大伙兒說段相聲?！崩相l(xiāng)們便圍了過來。我爸和黃宗洛就開始說，說到學(xué)牲口叫時，黃宗洛忽然叫起沒完沒了，把我爸都給叫煩了。我爸偷偷一看表，說了都快一個小時了，就沖著黃宗洛吼了句，“驢哪?!”黃宗洛狠狠瞪了我爸一眼，然后無可奈何地“嗚哇，嗚哇”地又學(xué)了幾聲驢叫，尷尬地鞠躬下了場。

我爸還跟黃宗洛翻扯說：“不是說好半個小時嗎？”黃宗洛也氣急了：“你沒看見觀眾一直都沒樂嗎？咱們怎么下臺啊？”他們的相聲太失敗了。

要單看長相，我爸還真是個適合演捧哏的模樣，但是我爸缺乏講笑話的本事。有段時間，我爸還苦練過說笑話，弄了不少《古今笑話大全》之類的書，先自己悶頭看，之后就組織我媽和我聽他講笑話。每次都是他講的時候，我們一點(diǎn)都不覺得好笑；到他興致勃勃講完以后，他會認(rèn)真地等著我跟我媽笑。他的那副樣子倒是特別讓我們覺得好笑，我們就哈哈大笑起來，或許我爸還誤認(rèn)為是他說得很成功呢。

陳道明“找打”

北京人藝有個口號是，“只有小演員，沒有小角色”。我爸牛星麗就在人藝演了一輩子“小角色”，他在這些“小角色”上費(fèi)的工夫并不少。他在《風(fēng)雪夜歸人》里演的是沒有一句臺詞的拉排子車的馬二傻子，馬因吃醉酒倒在法院蘇院長家門口睡著了，被巡夜的抓進(jìn)拘留所。馬的母親馬大嬸央求京劇名伶魏蓮生說情，才把馬放了出來。劇中馬二傻子上場，是其母親帶他來后臺向魏老板道謝。

我爸抓住這一個上場做足戲。他的設(shè)計是：是由馬大嬸拉著他往前走，母親越拉他，他就越神色慌張地往后退；母親改為邊哄邊拉，他還是一個勁兒往回縮；最后，母親趁他不備，一把把他推進(jìn)后臺。馬二傻子的登場即是一個踉蹌?wù)镜轿枧_上，兩腿叉開立定，咧開大嘴求助似的喊了聲“媽”，表情又急又悔。簡單一個出場，便把劇本所規(guī)定的這個被“剝削了智力”的體力充沛的“下等人”的形象展現(xiàn)在觀眾面前。人藝的觀眾也是最懂行的，馬上就報以碰頭彩；他們說，我爸是一片能閃光的綠葉，我爸真沒白費(fèi)力氣。

他也把這種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作態(tài)度用于影視。在電視劇《末代皇帝》里，我爸飾演老太監(jiān)張謙和。他為此跑了多少趟圖書館，認(rèn)真琢磨這個人物。記得他對我們說過：“我演太監(jiān)一定要摒棄那些程式化的表演，不能是娘娘腔，扭扭捏捏走小碎步。我要把張謙和當(dāng)個人來演。即使他被閹割過，又是個奴才，但他或多或少還有著自己的尊嚴(yán)?！彼層^眾看到的張謙和，是一個皇權(quán)至上，任何時候都忠心耿耿的大內(nèi)總管，他因此獲得了第九屆“飛天獎”的最佳男配角獎。

順便說個插曲。電視劇播放時，我們一看到我爸跪在地上挨皇上的大耳刮子，心里都挺別扭。我的女兒耕耕那時才六歲，看到這“哇”地哭了，不依不饒地要去打那個演得也很投入的皇上。后來演皇上的陳道明聽說了這事，誠心誠意地對我爸說：“以后我一定到您家，讓您那個小孫女打我一頓?！焙伲€有愿意找打的呢！

蘇民、濮存昕爺倆

濮存昕紅了這么些年也沒有鬧出什么緋聞來，真難得！我媽老愛說，那是因?yàn)樾″袼职痔K民。蘇民大大原名濮思詢，我媽說：“解放前，舊社會那么糜爛氣氛里，男演員有幾個不花哨的？可是人家蘇民長得是一表人才，平時卻一本正經(jīng)。演戲以外，?？此麚屩鴴叩馗苫睿朦c(diǎn)架子都沒有。后來我才知道，敢情人家是地下黨?！蔽乙渤Ω掖蚵犘″У娜苏f:“小濮不瘋不鬧的，因?yàn)樗募医毯?，是有其父必有其子。?/p>

在我心里，與其說蘇民大大是演員，是導(dǎo)演，是副院長，都不如說他是個文人。他英俊文雅，才貌雙全，琴棋書畫，無一不精。人藝排郭老（沫若）的《虎符》時，趙韞如阿姨飾演魏太妃。彩排后趙阿姨向蘇民大大征求意見，蘇民大大說，“你已經(jīng)做得很不錯了，但我送你六個字，坐如鐘，立如松。“趙阿姨一下子意識到自己只顧表現(xiàn)人物的飄逸瀟灑的一面，忽視了其作為太妃的持重。蘇民大大提的這個醒太重要了！

我在組織演出《流金歲月》時，自己也在《蔡文姬》里扮演侍書，過過戲癮。排練時，蘇民大大對我說：“小鈴子，這戲可跟平常的戲不一樣。當(dāng)年郭老要求這出戲臺詞要上韻，整出戲要像是一首詩?！彼€親自示范，教我怎樣念臺詞。后來李婉芬阿姨說，“小鈴子雖不是人藝專業(yè)演員，但在這滿場老演員里倒也是顯得個生（北京話，意思是特別）。”她哪知道，這是蘇民大大給我吃小灶的結(jié)果。

蘇民大大還寫了許多書和文章，對人藝風(fēng)格作出詳細(xì)論述。他是人藝的理論家。他強(qiáng)調(diào)戲劇的節(jié)奏，說：“是舞臺藝創(chuàng)作者把各方面的創(chuàng)作因素都完美地綜合起來，才能獲得的一個新的、舞臺藝術(shù)的、既有整體又有局部的完美統(tǒng)一的結(jié)果。”這話說得多好！是只有演一輩子、又研究一輩子戲的人才能說得出來的。

李婉芬的愛情

李婉芬阿姨因在電視劇《四世同堂》里飾演大赤包而紅遍天下，那個驕橫跋扈的女光棍形象，給人留下深刻印象，以至滿街的孩子都追著她叫“大赤包奶奶”——那是街上的孩子眼中的她，是觀眾眼中的她。作為她看著長大的孩子，我記憶中的婉芬阿姨，首先是她的丈夫大王叔叔比她更愛發(fā)脾氣。

其實(shí)大王叔叔平時對我們這些孩子是很和氣的，可不知為什么，在家里卻總發(fā)脾氣。突然有一天，大王叔叔離開家，帶走了他們的小女兒。我奶奶在家就說：“大王叔叔就是那個奧賽羅?！边@話我大了以后才明白，大王叔叔不能理解演員的工作性質(zhì)，小心眼，老是因?yàn)槌源锥屯穹野⒁坛臣堋Ｎ矣X得婉芬阿姨冤。等我再大，我又明白，大王叔叔所以吃醋，又是因?yàn)樗畹貝壑穹野⒁?，他在意他的那個人。唉，愛情啊，愛情這死東西！它要不整得你要死要活，它就不會給你它的甜蜜。

大王叔叔和婉芬阿姨分手很多年后，他們的女兒還常來我們院。有段時間她走時，手里總提著個飯盒。很快，我們就聽說是大王叔叔病了，患的是不治之癥。病房里，飽受病痛折磨的大王叔叔看到女兒打開飯盒，臉上立刻露出難得一見的笑容，“這菜是你媽媽做的！”不久，愛發(fā)脾氣的大王叔叔走了。

接下去有半年多時間里，每天傍晚，我們都看到婉芬阿姨一個人在院中徘徊，鬢上別著一朵小小的白花。婉芬阿姨所帶給觀眾的那股子潑辣、火爆勁，一點(diǎn)兒都沒留著給自己用。她內(nèi)心的傷痛，只有她自己知道。

（本文作者系北京人藝著名演員牛星麗、金雅琴之女）

My Reminiscences of Beijing People’s Art Theater

Niu Xiangling

My Mom

Zhang Yimou did not know my mother well when she won two best actresses awards both in Tokyo Film Festival and China’s Gold Roost and 100 Flowers Film Festival toward the end of 2006. My mother is Jin Yaqin and she won the honor for her perfect interpretation of the role in the film 襑e Two?directed by Ma Liwen. As president of the jury at the Tokyo Film Festival， Zhang made a short speech at the awarding ceremony in Tokyo. Among other things， he mentioned that all he had known about my mother was that she was a veteran stage artist of Beijing People’s Art Theater. He went on to say that he was surprised that my mother was 84 years old and it was her first film. Zhang got two things wrong about my mother. It was not my mother’s first film and she was 81 years old.

That Zhang made the mistakes is understandable. He does not know my mother well， though he knows my father quite well. My father and Zhang jointly starred in the 1986 feature ‘Old Well?directed by Wu Tianming， which won Zhang the best actor for his role in the film 20 years ago in the same Tokyo event. My father was Zhang Yimou’s grandfather in the film. During that time， Zhang often came to our house， always dressed in an overcoat. The first time Zhang came， my mother mistakenly thought he was an electrician coming to change light bulbs for us. The first impression lasted.Whenever Zhang came to visit later during that time， my mother would ask if our light bulbs were out of order again. My father would patiently explain that Zhang was not no an electrician and that he was both the lead actor and cameraman of the film.

My mother was absent at the Tokyo Film Festival because of her poor health. After the festival， the director came to our home， carrying the trophy and flowers. The director said that they were very proud to learn that my mother won the best actress award. After relating what Zhang Yimou said at the awarding ceremony， the director handed the trophy to my mother. My mother examined the trophy for a long while， as if she did not believe it was a symbol of honor. Then she wondered suspiciously if it was really a trophy. The director jokingly confirmed that it was really the trophy， not her cup for drinking water. We burst into laughter.

Then I was surprised to see the shyness on my mother’s face， which is quite rare. My mother said， 襆ook， we made it together. How come it looks as if I made it alone??She said so not because she was being modest. A warm-hearted woman all her life， my mother loves to help other people and sometimes even takes all the trouble and go out of her way to be helpful.

Aunt Zhu Lin

The Beijing People’s Art Theater has been famed for its galaxy of brilliant stage artists over decades. Of all the best stage artists， Zhu Lin is among the very best few. Everyone admires her nobleness， grace and elegance. She is simply unforgettable in dramas staged by the Beijing People’s Art Theater， the best drama troupe in the country. In my heart， she is always the best lead woman.

Her performance in “The Death of the Salesman?is just like yesterday. At the very end of the drama， she was alone on the stage after the funeral. The audience was mesmerized by her， listening to her heartbreakingly sad monologue. She was so real that， for that moment， none of us in the audience believed that it was only a drama and it was about to end.

I admire Aunt Zhu Lin very much. So just like other people who don誸 have any chance to know her off the stage， I feel that she is very different from the rest of us. I grew up under her watch， but somehow I have never been close enough to see her in the real life.

My daughter is luckier. One year， my father and Aunt Zhu Lin starred in a television play together. My father took my daughter Geng Geng to the production site. When Aunt Zhu Lin was done with her part， she came back to Beijing first. As during that time I was extremely busy trying my best to get started with my own advertising agency， I even did not have time to take my daughter back. So Geng Geng stayed with Aunt Zhu Lin for a week.

When I finally took my daughter back， I asked how she fared in Grandma Zhu Lin’s house. Geng Geng said happily， “Grandma is the best in the world. She combs my hair everyday.?I was surprised. I had thought that Aunt Zhu Lin would have a babysitter look after my daughter and it was why I had felt somehow comfortable leaving my daughter to her care. In fact， Zhu Lin bathed my daughter， told her stories， and sat with her at dinner， etc. I felt guilty. But this incident also gave me a revelation that Zhu Lin leads an ordinary life just like the rest of us. But how could she become so noble and graceful and elegant on the stage? I would rather not buy the cosmetics recommended by Zhang Ziyi， but I would never hesitate to spend a fortune for a drug that will make me as noble and graceful as Zhu Lin.

(Translated by David)