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        林正秋:傳播地方史文化的大忙人

        2007-01-01 00:00:00王安祥
        文化交流 2007年4期

        今年4月24日在杭州舉行的“雷峰塔與名人文化學(xué)術(shù)研討會”上,一位滿頭銀發(fā)、溫文爾雅的學(xué)者,以一篇《雷峰塔歷史文化雜談》為題的發(fā)言語驚四座,受到與會專家、學(xué)者的高度評價(jià)。

        這位學(xué)者以翔實(shí)的史料,無可辯駁的論證,對雷峰塔的歷史、名稱的由來、吳越國王為雷峰塔的撰記及最初白娘子與雷峰塔的關(guān)系作了有力的論證,為雷峰塔的研究提供了一份厚重的學(xué)術(shù)成果。他,就是年已71歲的杭州師范大學(xué)歷史系教授、杭州古都文化研究會會長林正秋。

        林正秋在歷時(shí)50余年的浙江地方史研究陣地上,成果斐然。他認(rèn)為研究地方史,是對整個(gè)歷史研究的補(bǔ)充,對地方經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展必然會產(chǎn)生重大影響,于是他全身心地投入了進(jìn)去,且一鉆研就是50余年,回報(bào)是豐厚的:從學(xué)術(shù)研究的角度言,他幾乎對浙江乃至杭州的地方史作了一次系統(tǒng)的、翻箱倒柜式的研究,內(nèi)容涵蓋了浙江的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、建筑、人口、歷代書院、海外貿(mào)易、古都杭州、歷代名人、旅游、飲食等地方歷史文化,在他長達(dá)近1000萬字的著述中,有《浙江經(jīng)濟(jì)文化史研究》《浙江歷史文化研究》《南宋都城臨安研究》《杭州歷史與文化》《浙江旅游文化大全》等代表性著作30多部。就學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值而言,他創(chuàng)造了許多個(gè)第一,也就是說在許多先人未曾涉足的領(lǐng)域,他都涉足了,成了第一個(gè)吃螃蟹的人。上世紀(jì)80年代初國家第一次搞人口普查,浙江省要他搞一個(gè)全省人口歷史研究,他接受任務(wù)后參考了200多部地方志書,從研究人口與當(dāng)時(shí)社會的關(guān)系入手,準(zhǔn)確地計(jì)算出浙江從西漢的70萬人口到鴉片戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前的3000萬人口的演變史,受到有關(guān)部門的好評,被評為省社科二等獎(jiǎng),并收入了“中國人口叢書”;對于浙江歷代狀元研究,也是他的一大亮點(diǎn)。他研究得出的結(jié)論是:浙江在全國的狀元中是最多的,從隋唐至光緒的1300年中,全國共產(chǎn)生675人,浙江就有65人,約占十分之一,這對研究、借鑒浙江歷史上的教育,有著積極的意義;他對杭州的歷史與文化的研究,尤其是對吳越國、南宋的研究非常全面和系統(tǒng)。他從杭州的起源談起,再從西湖的疏浚史、園林建設(shè)、科技史略、烹飪史話到杭州名人、佛教、地名等方面,把2000余年的杭州發(fā)展史作了科學(xué)的、歷史的總結(jié)。此項(xiàng)研究成果受到當(dāng)時(shí)的建設(shè)部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)好評,認(rèn)為能把一座城市的建設(shè)史分階段寫出來,杭州帶了個(gè)好頭。

        林正秋的浙江地方史文化研究走的不是一條純經(jīng)院式的書齋研究路子,他始終將地方史放到現(xiàn)代社會的大環(huán)境中去,將歷史與現(xiàn)代有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,盡量將科研成果轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力,為現(xiàn)代社會所用??梢哉f從歷史長河中考察,任何朝代對歷史的研究都在經(jīng)意或不經(jīng)意地為當(dāng)時(shí)社會服務(wù),只是研究者有些是自覺的,有些是不自覺的,林正秋正是這么一位充滿了智慧、清醒的當(dāng)代地方史文化研究者。

        早在上世紀(jì)80年代初林正秋在任杭師院地方史文化研究所所長時(shí),他對自己的研究就提出了“新、深、實(shí)用”的三點(diǎn)要求?!靶隆笔侵竷?nèi)容新,有新發(fā)現(xiàn)、新史料、新觀點(diǎn),決不人云亦云;“深”是指研究一定要沉下去,要有“掘地三尺”的精神,探求其中的因果關(guān)系,對某種文化現(xiàn)象主張放在當(dāng)時(shí)社會的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)大背景中去考察,絕不“淺嘗輒止”,以得出一個(gè)符合歷史的科學(xué)結(jié)論;“實(shí)用”是指“古為今用”,盡量將地方史文化研究成果直接應(yīng)用到現(xiàn)實(shí)社會中去。

        縱觀林正秋的浙江地方史文化研究,他的每一部著作、每一個(gè)科研成果幾乎都閃耀著這三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的光芒。當(dāng)我國的改革開放、現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)剛起步時(shí),林正秋的《浙江經(jīng)濟(jì)文化史研究》出版了,書從原始的稻谷、絲綢的發(fā)祥到隋唐經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,最后到明清商品經(jīng)濟(jì)與資本主義萌芽,對近8000年的浙江經(jīng)濟(jì)文化史作了很好的闡述,為浙江特色經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮作出了貢獻(xiàn);在城市化建設(shè)高潮中,當(dāng)房地產(chǎn)作為一項(xiàng)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)掀起時(shí),林正秋推出了《浙江古代建筑史略》一文,他希望浙江的城市化建設(shè)能多繼承一些浙江歷史上優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)建筑風(fēng)格,多一些地域文化的印記;他的《古剎靈隱》《西溪的歷史與文化》《杭州與西湖歷史》都是為了響應(yīng)杭州市政府保護(hù)這些景點(diǎn)而寫的。有關(guān)部門也從他的著作中吸收、借鑒了許多有益的東西,使這些景點(diǎn)的保護(hù)少走了不少彎路。最明顯的例子是杭州三墩酒廠在研制宋代酒時(shí)一時(shí)迷失了方向,后在林正秋的指導(dǎo)下,很快研制出了中國宋代的“東坡蜜酒”,榮獲全國首屆食品博覽會三等獎(jiǎng);此外,他為樓外樓等多家菜館研制的南宋菜肴達(dá)30多種,其中既有宮廷菜又有民間菜,受到海內(nèi)外游客的一致好評,也引起中央電視臺等多家媒體的關(guān)注,一時(shí)傳為美談。

        在林正秋的所有著作中,他自認(rèn)為有兩本書的作用最大,這就是《南宋都城臨安研究》和《浙江旅游與文化》。前者的出版對促進(jìn)、保護(hù)杭州這座歷史文化名城起到了舉足輕重的作用,對新一輪杭州的城市布局產(chǎn)生很大影響,以致該書出版后的相當(dāng)長時(shí)間內(nèi),讓他成了杭州市政府有關(guān)部門的座上賓,對于各種文化遺址的保護(hù)以及景觀景點(diǎn)的建設(shè)開發(fā),都請他到場,請他指導(dǎo),他成了一位傳播地方史文化的大忙人;《浙江旅游與文化》一書的出版也使他火爆了一陣子,旅游作為一門新興的朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè),在開發(fā)景點(diǎn)、建造賓館等方面無現(xiàn)成的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可取,《浙江旅游文化大全》正好幫了這個(gè)忙,它為各地景觀景點(diǎn)的建設(shè)起到了雪中送炭的作用。

        由于林正秋的地方史文化研究具有強(qiáng)烈的針對性、實(shí)用性與操作性,這使他成了遠(yuǎn)近聞名、炙手可熱的新聞人物。這幾年他的足跡不僅在杭州,也走遍了全省各地,就連鄰省的江蘇、安徽、江西等地,也爭相邀請他去指導(dǎo),最近幾年日本、韓國、美國等研究地方史的專家學(xué)者也頻頻前來造訪,林正秋的名字已為國外同仁所認(rèn)同,他對西湖的保護(hù)工程、運(yùn)河的保護(hù)工程、靈隱景點(diǎn)的開發(fā)、雷峰塔的建設(shè)等,都傾注了一個(gè)專家應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。

        如今,已是暮年的林正秋壯志不減,他告訴筆者,隨著我國對文化多樣性的重視,地方史文化研究必將日益彰顯出它的重要性,地方史文化研究大有可為。鑒于此,由他出任會長的杭州古都文化研究會正集聚了一批有關(guān)專家學(xué)者,決心為杭州和浙江的地方史文化研究作出新的貢獻(xiàn)。

        A Scholar of Local Cultural Past

        Wang Anxiang

        Today, probably no one knows more about the history of Thunder Peak Pagoda in Hangzhou than does Lin Zhengqiu. It is certainly neither because the 71-year-old is a professor of history at Hangzhou Teachers College nor because he is director of Hangzhou Research Association for the Ancient Capital Culture.

        Lin’s thorough historical knowledge of the Thunder Peak Pagoda was fully substantiated by a dissertation he delivered on the ancient pagoda and cultural celebrities at an academic seminar held in Hangzhou on 24th April, 2007.

        This dissertation, however, is only a small part of Lin’s encyclopedic expertise of local histories of the Zhejiang Province, which has been the focus of his passion and academic commitment over the last five decades and more.

        Lin’s interest in local histories bespeaks his faith that studies of local histories can contribute to the understanding of the overall picture of our national past.

        Over the past fifty years, Lin has gone through all the relevant issues concerning Zhejiang in general and Hangzhou in particular. He has systematically explored details of local economy, culture, architecture, population, academies, international trade, Hangzhou as the national capital, cultural celebrities, tourism, and cuisines. So far Professor Lin has published more than 30 books in over 10 million words.

        Many of his research results have been the first in historical studies. For example, he was commissioned in the 1980s by the provincial government to study changes in the population in Zhejiang since ancient times. He went through over 200 local histories of the province and wrapped up a history about the population changes in the province. According to his research, Zhejiang had about 700,000 residents in the Western Han period (206B.C.-24A.D.) and around 30 million before the first Opium War in 1840. His research paper relates population changes over nearly two millennia in the province. It was later included in a series on Chinese population.

        Zhejiang is known to have been a province of scholars. Lin has found supporting evidences about the province’s academic glory through his research of the total number of Zhuangyuan, number one graduate of the Imperial Palace Examination that Zhejiang produced in the ancient times. According to Lin, a total of 675 scholars won the highest national honor over a period of 1,300 years in China and Zhejiang ranked first in claiming 65 of them, nearly one tenth of the national total. This research helps further understand the ancient education practices and achievement in the province.

        Lin Zhengqiu conducts his research in the principle that results should be new, thorough and practicable. For him, historical research is not just to rediscover facts and numbers. First, he wants new conclusions, new viewpoints, and new historical facts. Second, he prefers thoroughness in his research and leaves no stone unturned in every subject he studies. He wants to discover causal relations, wants to view a cultural phenomenon against a larger background of social, political and economic events, and wants all his conclusions to conform to the real past. And finally, he wants his research results to be highly useful today.

        Lin’s achievements reflect his principles. His research on the History of Zhejiang’s Economy discusses the subject thoroughly from rice to silk to commercial prosperity in Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties up to the budding capitalism in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, spanning a period of nearly 8,000 years.

        Lin’s publication of A Brief History of Ancient Architecture in Zhejiang coincided with the surging of the real estate business in the province. He hopes that the province-wide urbanization should retain the finest elements of the province’s ancient architectural tradition. His researches on the Temple of Soul’s Retreat, West Brook Wetland, the West Lake and Hangzhou City responded to the city’s initiatives to preserve the above-mentioned sites. Government departments concerned have adopted many useful tips from his research results and successfully avoided some pitfalls.

        Under his guidance, a winery in Hangzhou has successfully reproduced a honey wine once popular in Hangzhou when the city was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). Also with the help of Lin, a few high-profile restaurants in the city have redeveloped over 30 dishes of the Southern Song Dynasty. These home-made dishes and palace dishes have become favorites of tourists from home and abroad. CCTV and some other television stations have made features on these cuisine developments.

        Lin Zhengqiu is particularly proud of two books he wrote: A Research on Lin誥n as Capital of Southern Song Dynasty and The Culture and Tourism of Zhejiang. The former has played a key role in promoting and protecting Hangzhou for its fame as a city of history and culture. For a long time after the book came out, Lin busily attended scores of meetings with various departments of the city government on the issues of the protection of cultural sites and development of scenic sites. The latter has made him a much-sought-for consultant for suggestions and opinions on tourism development plans.

        Due to the applicable feature of his research, Lin has become a well known consultant. His footprints can be seen everywhere across Zhejiang in general and Hangzhou in particular. Moreover, he is frequently invited to neighboring provinces such as Jiangsu, Anhui, and Jiangxi for consultancy on tourism development. Foreign scholars often visit him. Lin’s contribution has been highly recognized in the projects of West Lake, Grand Canal, Temple of Soul’s Retreat and Thunder Peak Pagoda.

        (Translated by David)

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