2006年春,著名物理學家丁肇中在他70壽辰的時候,應邀到中央電視臺作客。
當時,丁肇中正在領導著AMS計劃,這個計劃由十幾個國家的500多位科技人員參加。
丁肇中領導的AMS計劃,1998年就將第一塊磁鐵通過“發(fā)現(xiàn)號”航天飛機送入太空,以研究由反物質所組成的宇宙到底存不存在這一科學之謎。
丁肇中在談到這個雄心勃勃的計劃時,說了這樣一番話:“中文是世界上最重要的語言之一,所以我在獲諾貝爾獎演講時,就通知瑞典皇家科學院,我要用中文發(fā)言。他們說歡迎,但問我誰做翻譯?我說我自己做翻譯。這話見報后,當時那位美國駐瑞典大使就來找我,他說我們和中國的關系非常不好,你用中文是不對的。我很反感,我說這你管不著,我愿意用什么語言就用什么語言!”
丁肇中說,他這樣做是希望更多的中國人對他的演講能夠聽得懂。
在獲得諾貝爾獎這個人生難得的莊嚴時刻,丁肇中教授為什么堅持用中文發(fā)表演講呢?這是因為中國這片古老的土地是他的祖國,他的心向往著這片土地。后來,他的助手陳敏教授講了那次用中文演講的詳細“版本”。1976年12月10日,瑞典皇家科學院大禮堂里春意融融,在一片暴風雨般的熱烈掌聲中,獲得諾貝爾物理學獎的丁肇中健步走上講臺發(fā)表演講。在這個人生最美好的時刻,丁肇中想:往昔所有來自世界各地的諾貝爾獎獲獎者在演講的時候都用英文或法文,唯獨今天我這個中華兒女首先得用祖國的文字中文來演講,然后再用英文!
國王、皇后陛下、皇族們、各位朋友:
得到諾貝爾獎,是一個科學家最大的榮譽。我是在舊中國長大的,因此,想借這個機會向在發(fā)展中國家的青年們強調實驗工作的重要性。
中國有一句古話:“勞心者治人,勞力者治于人?!边@種落后的思想,對在發(fā)展中國家的青年們有很大的害處,由于這種思想,很多在發(fā)展中國家的學生們都傾向于理論的研究,而避免實驗工作。
事實上,自然科學理論不能離開實驗的基礎,特別是物理學是從實驗產生的。
我希望由于我這次得獎,能夠喚起在發(fā)展中國家的學生們的興趣,而注意實驗工作的重要性。
這段鐫刻進了世界諾貝爾獎論文集的中文演講,表達了丁肇中對祖國和發(fā)展中國家青年的一片深情。在人生不可多得的這個莊嚴時刻,他不僅用故鄉(xiāng)的語言、故鄉(xiāng)的文字表達了對祖國的愛,也表達了對祖國年輕人的期望,他希望喚起祖國學生們對于實驗工作的興趣,并認識它的重要性。
1979年秋天我與著名物理學家丁肇中教授相識,并首次采訪了他。20多年的時間轉瞬即逝,在這中間我曾多次應丁肇中教授的邀請,去歐洲核子研究中心(CERN)及美國麻省理工學院采訪;丁教授來國內訪問時也與他不時地相遇。在多次的近距離接觸和采訪中,深感丁教授對中國的情意溢于言表,使我難以忘懷。
1974年,丁肇中帶領他的實驗組在美國紐約長島附近的布魯克海之實驗室做實驗時,發(fā)現(xiàn)了J粒子(音捷,希臘字母),這一發(fā)現(xiàn)使他獲得1976年度諾貝爾物理學獎。上世紀80年代開始我曾多次去歐洲核子研究中心(CERN)采訪,采訪期間我聽到各國科學家講述許多有關丁肇中教授治學嚴謹、執(zhí)著追求科學真理的故事。從人們講述的故事中,我對丁肇中教授少小離開中國的經歷和他對祖國的深情留下了深刻的印象。是的,丁肇中教授雖然久居海外,且出生在美國,但他對父母之邦的中國卻一直視為真正的故鄉(xiāng),每當他在遙遠的異國他鄉(xiāng)取得輝煌科學成就之時,他始終沒有忘記自己的根!
丁肇中1936年1月27日出生于美國密執(zhí)安大學所在地的安阿伯大學醫(yī)院。談到自己的身世時,他說:“我在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期出生在一個主要由教授和革命志士組成的家庭里,我的父母都希望我出生在中國,但在他們訪問美國時由于我提早出世,這個意外讓我成為美國公民,看來這個突然來到的小插曲影響了我的整個一生。”
丁肇中祖籍為山東日照。一年夏天,他和夫人蘇姍·馬克斯·?。⊿usan Marks Ting)來到中國黃海之濱的山東省日照時,受到了臨沂行署和日照市人大、政協(xié)等機構負責人的熱烈歡迎。
丁肇中在日照濤雒瞻仰故居,看望親友,祭掃祖墳,也特別關心家鄉(xiāng)的教育事業(yè)。他說:“搞什么事業(yè)都需要人才,這幾年來,我每次回來都是經過教育部、科學院,在全國重點大學挑選物理專業(yè)學習成績最好的學生到我那里工作,拿博士學位。遺憾的是我那里至今還沒有故鄉(xiāng)山東日照的學生?!?/p>
丁肇中依依惜別日照之時,一再表示:“我還要回來的,還要回來的!”丁肇中走后,有人賦詩吟誦:“少小離家今半百,蜚聲世界載榮歸。高能物理誰堪并,諾貝爾金獨占魁。去國時縈華夏夢,思親心向故國飛。欣看日照成新市,愿得‘魯生’早自培?!?/p>
丁肇中對故鄉(xiāng)如此,對故國更加如此。記得1975年11月他在闊別祖國28年后的一次訪問:那天飛機降落在北京機場,他神情激動地走下飛機,快步向歡迎的人們群走去,當他那高大的身影出現(xiàn)在他的姑姑、姑父們面前時,大家都很激動,見這情景,此時一位前來迎接的中國科學院負責人在一旁開玩笑說:“丁教授,你這是回到了娘家!”不想丁肇中聽了不以為然,他說:“怎么說是回娘家,我這是回到了自己的家!”
他在北京飯店的一個套房里安頓下來后,興致勃勃地來到商店給自己買了一套布料的中山裝,他詼諧地對身邊的陪同人員說:“回到中國就不能再像個洋人,我得和普通的中國人一樣!”沉吟片刻,他又說:“唉!我要穿上這套衣服,照一張相片寄到美國去!”
這次他在中國大陸逗留的日子里,曾興致勃勃地到工廠、農村、學校和科研單位參觀訪問,親切地同工人、農民、學生和科技人員攀談,特別是當他走到他幼年時玩過、住過的地方時,更是思緒如涌,一往情深:那天他到重慶附近的磁器口西南教育學院參觀,舊地重游無限感慨,望著奔騰不息的嘉陵江,他的眼前頓時浮現(xiàn)出抗戰(zhàn)時期隨父母在這里度過的艱難歲月;他在兒時讀書的重慶磁器口小學參觀時,這里的小學生們根本沒有想到站在自己面前的這位風塵仆仆的客人,竟是自己杰出的校友!當丁肇中用道地的四川話和同學們交談時,孩子們聽了驚喜地用四川話嚷道:“唉呀!這個日本人,會講四川話!”
那次回國他還到了延安,延安的鄉(xiāng)親們熱情地接待了這位杰出的同胞。訪問中,丁肇中時而在清涼山下漫步,時而走進農民的窯洞和鄉(xiāng)親們盤起腿來坐在熱炕頭上談心,大家喝著小米粥、南瓜湯,鄉(xiāng)親情誼溢滿炕頭。
1977年8月11日,鄧小平在北京人民大會堂會見了丁肇中,會見時鄧小平請他談談訪問中國的觀感。丁肇中說:“我這次來中國參觀,看到大家很有干勁,都想把科學技術搞上去,我相信中國這么大,人口這么多,搞科研的歷史這么久,一定會出人才,會很快趕上先進國家的科學水平!”
丁肇中教授雖然從事現(xiàn)代科學研究,但他對中國的傳統(tǒng)文化和飲食也極為喜愛。他喜歡研究歷史,喜歡聽相聲、聽評劇,他最大的業(yè)余愛好是收藏中國古代的線裝書。有一次他在香港收集到兩冊明史演義的線裝書,高興得不得了,逢人便說,如同科學研究有了突破一樣的快樂!
1978年春天,丁肇中在漢堡的電子同步加速器研究中心主持的實驗組,接納了中國科學院高能物理研究所的第一批科技人員到他主持的實驗組工作。當這批科技人員飛赴巴黎之時,妻子蘇姍·馬克斯受丁肇中的囑托親自從漢堡飛到巴黎,冒著料峭寒風舉著“歡迎來自中國的物理學家”標牌,在機場上熱情歡迎來自中國的科技人員。當蘇姍見到從飛機上下來的許多“中國臉”時,她說:“他們一定是中國高能物理代表團的成員呢,這就是我們和中國合作的開始!”
30年時間過去了,如今一批批的中國訪問學者仍然不斷地來到歐洲核子研究中心的實驗組工作,年逾古稀的丁肇中教授為中國培養(yǎng)科技人才的熱忱,依然不減當年。
The Chinese Heart of Samuel Ting
By Gu Mainan
Samuel Ting, a celebrated physicist awarded 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics, has a Chinese heart. This is not merely because his parents were Chinese professors and he spent his childhood years in China though he was born in America and stayed there for the first few months of his life before he came back to China with his parents.
Ting's Chinese heart throbs strong throughout his life.
Ting was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976. When informed that he should get prepared for a speech at the prize issuing ceremony, Ting decided to speak in Chinese and then translate his message into English himself. When the American ambassador to Sweden learned Ting's decision, he came to talk with Ting, trying to make Ting change his language choice on the pretext that the United States and China were not at all on good terms that year. Ting revolted against the ambassador's suggestion, persisting that he had the right to choose whatever language he preferred. At the ceremony, Ting spoke in Chinese to honor the country in his heart. The short speech was not just in Chinese. It was a special message for scientists in developing countries in general and in China in particular.
As a journalist, I first came to know Samuel Ting in 1979 and since then I have met with him on many occasions. At his invitation, I have visited the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology many times and interviewed him there. During his visits to China, I paid him a visit as well. I am deeply impressed by his proud Chinese heart.
While talking about his roots in China, he said that he was born two months premature on January 27, 1936 in a hospital affiliated to the University of Michigan where his parents were visiting with friends. He came from a family composed of scholars and revolutionary martyrs. The premature birth in American made him an American citizen by accident, bringing to him a lot of life-change consequences.
His first visit to the mainland after 28 years occurred in November 1975. At the airport he said emotionally to the welcoming people from the Chinese Academy of Sciences that he was home. After settling down in Beijing Hotel, he bought a Chinese suit saying “I should not look like a foreigner. Here back home, I should look like a Chinese.?He then decided to take a photo wearing this suit. During this visit, he traveled to Chongqing, the wartime capital of the country where he spent his primary school years. It was during this visit that Ting also traveled to Yan’an, the Communist stronghold in northwest China in the 1930s and 1940s. On August 11, 1977, Deng Xiaoping met with Ting at the Great Hall of the People.
His family came from Rizhao in east China's coastal Shandong Province.Ting and his wife Susan Marks Ting visited the hometown close to the Yellow Sea. They visited the Ting family tombs, visited relatives and former residences. They were warmly welcomed at home. Ting's only regret, as he said, was that none of the students he had chosen to study under him for doctorate degrees came from Rizhao.
In the spring of 1978, the first batch of Chinese scientists from Institute of High Energy Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences arrived at Hamburg, Germany to work at the Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron where he was a leader of an experimental group. Ting's wife Susan came all the way to Paris from Hamburg to welcome the Chinese at the airport, where she was holding a welcome sign. When she saw many “Chinese faces?getting down the airplane, she knew they must be Chinese scientists. Over nearly the 30 years, scientists from China still come to work at the CERN. Professor Ting is still the warm-hearted leader there to work together with Chinese scientists.
Though Ting is involved in modern scientific research, his hobbies are mostly about Chinese traditional culture and cuisines. He reads Chinese history, loves Chinese comic dialogues, and enjoys Ping Opera arias. His biggest pastime is to collect ancient Chinese books in traditional thread binding. His ecstasy knew no bonds when he found the two-volume thread-bound Stories from the Ming Dynasty History in a bookstore in Hong Kong. Extremely happy, he told everyone about his precious find as if he had made a breakthrough in his research.
(Translated by David)