每次出席“兩會”，都如沐春風(fēng)。今年的“兩會”尤其這樣。

今年政協(xié)會議上，我提出了一個(gè)關(guān)于在重要古村鎮(zhèn)抓緊建立小型博物館的提案。在這里我先講講這個(gè)提案的主要思路。

我國歷史悠久，民族眾多，自然氣候不同，文化板塊多樣，形成了千姿百態(tài)、風(fēng)情各異的古村鎮(zhèn)。古村鎮(zhèn)是中華大地上最大的文化遺產(chǎn)。中華文化的多樣性在古村鎮(zhèn)中，非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)在古村鎮(zhèn)中，少數(shù)民族的文化遺產(chǎn)絕大部分在古村鎮(zhèn)中；中華民族文化的根也深深存在于古村鎮(zhèn)中。但是在現(xiàn)代化和城市化的沖擊中，古村鎮(zhèn)消失很快。一方面，是以建筑為主體的整體上的瓦解，一方面是村鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)部的歷史文化遺存的大量流失。有些村鎮(zhèn)雖然表面看風(fēng)格猶存，但實(shí)際上內(nèi)部遺存殘存無多，已成文化的空巢。

古村鎮(zhèn)的保護(hù)，一方面是古老的村容鎮(zhèn)貌，一方面是它的內(nèi)涵。否則這些古村鎮(zhèn)即使保留下來，已是徒具形骸，內(nèi)涵空洞，記憶真空。當(dāng)務(wù)之急是在這些重要的古村鎮(zhèn)建立博物館。具體建議如下：

一、古村鎮(zhèn)博物館的布局由政府文化部門主導(dǎo)，專家制定。可以是國家一級，也可以是省一級來規(guī)劃。

二、不要搞勞民傷財(cái)?shù)拇笮筒┪镳^，宜小型和富于實(shí)效。條件較差的貧困地區(qū)，以搶救性收集為主，收集內(nèi)容包括特色家具、古代農(nóng)具、歷史文獻(xiàn)、文化器物以及其他各類文化遺存。繼而進(jìn)行整理、分類、陳列。

三、古村鎮(zhèn)博物館應(yīng)是百花齊放、各具特色、多樣化的。避免搞簡單化統(tǒng)一格式的村史博物館或民俗博物館。要突出地域特色，也可重點(diǎn)突出某一種當(dāng)?shù)馗挥械姆俏镔|(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

四、博物館的方案要請相關(guān)專家學(xué)者來幫助與策劃，以使博物館真正具有歷史記憶和文化積淀的價(jià)值，并富于科學(xué)性和深度。

五、小型博物館用錢不多，但于文化保護(hù)意義深遠(yuǎn)。經(jīng)費(fèi)來源應(yīng)是多方面的。包括地方財(cái)政、企業(yè)贊助、旅游建設(shè)經(jīng)費(fèi)等。個(gè)人收藏家熱心建立博物館也應(yīng)大力支持。可以是民辦公助，也可以是公辦民助，也可以是民間捐贈性的，也可以是私人性質(zhì)的，愈靈活愈好，以利盡快將古村鎮(zhèn)博物館在全國全面鋪開。

六、要明令禁止古董販子到古村鎮(zhèn)“淘寶”，杜絕遺存的流失，把千百年的文化成果留在本地。同時(shí)，向村鎮(zhèn)百姓普及文化遺產(chǎn)知識，保護(hù)好古村鎮(zhèn)的文化整體。

七、古村鎮(zhèn)的博物館建成后，在文化上可成為新農(nóng)村文化建設(shè)不可或缺的重要成果；在經(jīng)濟(jì)上，可成為旅游設(shè)施，增加收入。

古村鎮(zhèn)面臨的破壞是嚴(yán)重的、多方面的。保護(hù)是緊迫、艱巨和不能回避的。小型和多樣的博物館是保護(hù)古村鎮(zhèn)遺產(chǎn)的重要方式。在新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中，博物館的建立還是先進(jìn)文化不可或缺的內(nèi)容，而且在旅游開發(fā)中，又是促使外地游人認(rèn)識古村鎮(zhèn)必備的設(shè)施。因之希望政府文化部門能確認(rèn)和啟動這攸關(guān)中華遺產(chǎn)存亡的文化舉措。

Setting Up Museums to Protect Ancient Village Cultures

By Feng Jicai

Editor: Feng Jicai is a Tianjin-based writer and an enthusiast for preserving ancient cultural sites across the country. The following is an edited version of some thoughts behind his proposal presented to the annual session of the CPPCC held in Beijing in March， 2007.

China， a multiethnic country with a long history and different cultural traditions， has numerous ancient villages and towns， which constitute the largest cultural legacy of the country. These ancient villages and towns are where the diversity of the Chinese culture， intangible cultural heritage， and ethnic cultures gravitate. In other words， the Chinese culture is rooted in these villages and towns across the country. However， as modernization and urbanization are spreading across the country， ancient villages and towns are vanishing. Two factors contribute to their disappearance: firstly， age-old villages are disintegrating as a whole， and secondly， the cultural heritages within villages and towns are draining away. Though some villages and towns still look ancient， their cultural contents are no longer there. In fact， some villages and towns are empty of their ancient cultures.

The protection of ancient villages and towns calls for preservation of both appearance and cultural content.

It is desirable to take the following concrete steps to protect ancient villages and towns across the country:

1) The cultural authorities of the government should play a leading role in planning the setup strategies of museums of ancient villages and towns. Experts participate. The strategy can be national or provincial.

2) Large-scale museums would be a waste of energy and money. Small museums in different styles should be emphasized to ensure effective protection. In poverty-stricken areas， the emphasis should be on salvaging cultural heritages such as ancient furniture， farming tools， historical documents， cultural items and other cultural remains.

3) Diversity is a key word for the planning of small museums. Avoid turning all these museums into the uniformity of village histories or folk lifestyles. Regional features such as intangible cultural heritages should be emphasized.

4) Experts should be consulted in formulating plans for these museums to ensure that historical memories and cultural values are scientifically preserved for in-depth studies.

5) Funds should come from various sources: local governments， businesses and tourism. Private collectors should be encouraged to set up their museums. Subsidies from local governments， contributions from private sectors and donators are welcome.

6) Antique dealers should be banned from searching and buying out cultural heritages from ancient villages and towns so as to make the age-old things stay where they are. Governments at different levels should promote awareness among villagers for better preservation of overall cultural heritages.

7) Once built， these museums can be part of the campaign of promoting the cultural development in the new countryside. They may also contribute as a source to local income.

Since the destructive situation facing the ancient villages and towns is serious and multiple， protection is urgent， unavoidable， and arduous. Small museums in various styles are a key way to protect the cultural heritage of ancient villages and towns. They will also play an indispensable part in the building of the advanced culture in rural areas. In the development of tourism， they will also be important facilities to help visitors become aware of the importance of ancient villages and towns.It is imperative that government cultural authorities acknowledge and implement this measure which bears on the fate of the Chinese cultural heritage.

(Translated by David)