李也白
人們往往一看到any就將它等同于“任何”,尤其是在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:
A hungry man eats any food he can get.饑不擇食。
Any nation or country must learn the strong points from other nation or country.任何一個民族、一個國家,都要學(xué)習(xí)別的民族、別的國家的長處。
其實不管是在肯定結(jié)構(gòu),還是在否定或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)中,any往往有種種不同的含義。
一、any在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中,可有褒義,如“大、多”等,例如:
I have any amount of letters for you.我有很多信給你。(any意味著“多”)
There are accessible to you,in libraries,any number of books and essays about different kinds of woods.在圖書館你可以找到大量有關(guān)不同種類森林的書和論文。(any意味著“數(shù)目大”)
也可有貶義,如“小、少”等,例如:
I am glad you take any pleasure in my poor poem.我很高興你能在我蹩腳的詩中找到一丁點快樂。(any意味著“盡管很小”)
Marias elder brother had been at first quite willing that his sister should marry any bridegroom who presented himself.瑪麗亞的哥哥起初非常愿意讓他的妹妹嫁給隨便哪個自薦的新郎。(any意味著“即使不足道的”)
二、any在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中,可表示一種含蓄的條件;有時則有“是否有什么”的含義,例如:
Ive not seen the letters;only his secretary sees any of his letters,for he is pretty reticent about business letters,as big business men have to be.只要他的秘書一旦看到他的信,我就看不到。因為他對業(yè)務(wù)信件守口如瓶,就像大商人必須做的那樣。(這里any有一種"如果他的秘書能看到他的什么信件的話"的含義)
Bending over the dead body of the dog,she tried to discover any signs of life.她彎下身看著死去的狗,企圖想發(fā)現(xiàn)是否有什么活著的跡象。(這里any意謂“是否有什么”)
三、當用來表示數(shù)量時,any往往有偏高(相當于as much as possible)或偏低(相當于the smallest or least possible amount or degree of)的含義。例如:
There are any number of reasons for eating good food.有大量吃好的食物的理由。
Dont ask George what his excuse is. He can invent any number.不要問喬治的借口是什么,他能造出無數(shù)借口。
除常與number連用外,any還可以與其他表示數(shù)量的名詞連用,如:
She has got any amount of explanations for you.她有無限多的解釋給你。
There are any quantity of iron on the Western Alps.阿爾卑斯山西部有大量的鐵。
During that memorable trip over the Atlantic,the highest speed maintained for any length of time was 26.4 knots.在那次難忘的大西洋旅行中,最快的速度保持在足有每小時26.4海里。
Theyre going to need any help they can get.凡能得到的幫助他們都需要。
There isnt any hope of finding the lost child.毫無希望找到丟失的孩子。
It isnt any use looking for her.尋找她一點作用也沒有。
Have you any idea of what they are talking about?你知道他們在談什么嗎?
四、any可相當于at all,用以加強否定的語氣。語法上,它相當于副詞,在此起狀語的作用。any的這種用法常用在否定句和疑問句中,如:
The medicine didnt help any.這藥一點不管用。
He doesnt seem any interested in our plan.他對我們的計劃好像一點也不感興趣。
It didnt hurt him any.根本就沒有傷到他。
That didnt help them any.那對他們一點幫助也沒有。
Does the radio disturb you any?收音機打擾你嗎?
Did he work any this week?他這個星期上班嗎?
與any如此用法很相似的不定代詞還有some,其意相當于to some extent,但多用在美國英語中,如:
He is farming some.他在干農(nóng)活。
My experience on the farm helped me some,of course.當然,我的農(nóng)場經(jīng)歷多少對我有點幫助。
The quality of the American soldier may have deteriorated some over the years.近年來,美國士兵的質(zhì)量可能已有點下降。
總之,不管是在什么結(jié)構(gòu)中,any并不總是意為“任何”,或者說不僅僅意為“任何”。我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)不同的句子內(nèi)容,將其譯成恰當?shù)臐h語。