03The‘GlobalSixties’andLimitsofthe‘GlobalGovernance’Discourse:PerspectivesfromtheArabWorldandtheThirdWorld

AbstractThe Western-centric perspective has long been dominating the studies of the global governance in the 20thcentury. It also limited our understanding of the historical diversity in the study of the global sixties. This paper attempts to address these issues by investigating the Arab Nationalists’ standpoint of the global order after the ‘Six-Day War’ in 1967. This paper states that the top-down perception of the ‘global governance’ discourse derives from a western-centric historical experience. This paper proposes to shift the historical focus to the broader Third World and understand the role of the national independence and anti-colonial movements in the making of the modern world order. It intends to depict the ‘insurgencies’ across the Arab world as a part of the global trend of resisting against the US-Soviet hegemonic attempt of ‘global governance’ in the 1960s.

KeyWordsArab Nationalism; ‘Global Sixties’; Global Governance; The Third World; International Discourse

AuthorYIN Zhiguang, Ph.D., Associate Professor, College of Humanities, University of Exeter, UK.

19FinancialCooperationbetweenChinaandtheGCCCountries:ChallengesandCountermea￣sures

AbstractThe financial cooperation between China and the GCC countries has been carried out for several years with considerable achievements and valuable experience, which made a solid foundation for further financial cooperation between the two sides. However, the China-GCC financial cooperation is limited in depth, which can be characterized by a slow growth in the scale of financial cooperation, insufficient number of financial institutions in each other’s market, uneven financial cooperation level, low-level financial cooperation structure, as well as low utilization of financial cooperation platform. This paper analyzes crucial factors affecting financial cooperation between China and the GCC countries from the aspects of political environment, financial system and cultural identification, and provides countermeasures in terms of politics assessment, strategy reconciliation, currency settlement and cultural identification etc.

KeyWordsGCC Countries; Financial Cooperation; Political Environment; Financial System; Cultural Identification

AuthorsWU Jiaming, Ph.D. Candidate, School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Shanghai International Studies University; LI Rui, Associate Professor, School of International Finance and Trade, Shanghai International Studies University.

32TheMoroccanBerberIssue:OriginandEvolution

AbstractThe Berber issue has been an important part of Moroccan political life, and its deep-rooted cause lies in the traditional Berber social characteristics and French colonial rule. The Moroccan Berber issue has gone through three stages. The first was from Moroccan independence to the mid-1970s, characterized by the power struggle and power sharing between Berber elite and the central government, which differentiates this issue from a modern ethnic identity movement. From the mid-1970s to the beginning of the 21st century, the Moroccan Berber issue expressed as a moderate cultural movement, namely, the main leaders of the movement were the city intellectual elites who had constructed an integrating ethnic identity narrative, with the Berber cultural rights as the core appeal. In the third stage from the beginning of the 21st century, the Moroccan Berber issue began to evolve radically. The development of the contemporary Moroccan Berber issue stems from the plights of domestic political, economic and social development, so it is difficult to be solved fundamentally by solely political regulations.

KeyWordsMorocco; Berber Issue; Berber Cultural Movement;Al-Hirakal-ShaabiMovement

AuthorsGAO Wenyang, Ph.D. Candidate, Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, Northwest University; HAN Zhibin, Ph.D., Professor, Institute of Middle East Studies, Northwest University.

48AnAnalysisoftheRelationshipbetweenNeoliberalReformandPoliticalUpheavalinEgypt

AbstractThe major cause of the 2011 Egyptian uprising is the disharmony between political authority and economic development. The implementation of neoliberal reform led to Egyptian social restructuring and a series of negative social effects such as the stagnated national industry, economic organization, middle-class bankruptcy, soaring poverty rates and the spreading crony capitalism which delegitimized authoritarian regime, leaving opportunity for opposition forces such as Islamist movement to gain popularity and social mobilization. Although the current political situation in Egypt has restored stability, the contradiction between high-degree political authority and low-level economic development became more prominent, which foreshadows hidden risks of future Egyptian political turbulence.

KeyWordsEgypt; Neoliberal Reform; Political Authority; Political Upheaval

AuthorsTIAN Ranran, Ph.D. Candidate, University of International Business and Economics; DING Long, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Studies, University of International Business and Economics.

62CoptsinAbdelFatahal-Sisi’sEgypt:PolicyandItsChallenges

AbstractThe conflicts between the Copts and Muslims have been one of the main problems of Egyptian society through the ages. In history, the ethnic issue of Egypt was particularly serious once the country was unstable and social relation was tense. After the “January 25 Revolution” in 2011, the ethnic conflicts between Muslims and Copts have deteriorated again, which set a challenge for the Egyptian Government. In order to stabilize the domestic situation, reshape the diplomatic pattern and consolidate individual political status, Abdel Fatah al-Sisi has set releasing ethnic conflicts as one of his main governing priorities since taking office, which includes appeasing Copts, fighting against religious extremist forces and promoting moderate religious ideas. The Coptic policy under the al-Sisi’s Government has indeed achieved some headway, but it still faces difficulties such as the aggrandizing public discontent and extremist forces.

KeyWordsAbdel Fatah al-Sisi Government; Coptic Issue; Ethnic Policy; “January 25 Revolution”

AuthorHAO Shiyu, Ph.D. Candidate, Institute of Hui Studies, Ningxia University.

76SaudiArabia’sShiftingPolicyintheRiseofthe“IslamicState”

AbstractThe “Islamic state” terrorist organization originates from the “Global Jihadism” trend, which is essentially a combination of religious extremism and international terrorism. From the perspective of ideology, organizational sources and foreign policy, Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy has also boosted the rise of the “Islamic State” to a certain extent. As the “Islamic State” developed, it began to challenge the legitimacy of Saudi Arabia through mass media campaigns and terrorist attacks. Therefore, in response to the danger of it, Saudi Arabia has formed an anti-terror Islamic military coalition with both hard and soft measures. What’s more, the Saudi government also strengthened the rehabilitating radicals in the social environment plan. At present, with the efforts of international anti-terrorism cooperation, the strength of the “Islamic State” organization has been effectively weakened.

KeyWordsSaudi Arabia; “Islamic State” Organization; Islamic Extremism; Terrorism

AuthorLI Yi, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Middle East Studies Institute, Shanghai International Studies University.

88The“IslamicState”inAfghanistan:DevelopmentsandConstraints

AbstractThe development of the “Islamic State” in Afghanistan is an important part of its global agenda. Since the middle 2014, it had made full use of its advantages, flexible strategy and the complicated domestic situation, consolidating its infiltration in Afghanistan. Its advancement in Afghanistan is closely related to its development in the Middle East and other part of the world. Under the strikes of international community and local powers, and restrained by its complicated political ecosystem and its own extreme ideology, the organization’s development has been contained. In prospect, the threats from “Islamic State” will be prolonged and constant.

KeyWords“Islamic State”; Afghanistan; Constraints

AuthorWEI Liang, Ph.D., Assistant Research Fellow, Institute of West-Asian and African Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

104IslamistExtremistGroupsinSomalia:TrendsandImplications

AbstractAfter the Cold War, Islamic extremist organizations have rapidly developed in Somalia and become a serious non-traditional threat to the country and the Horn of Africa. Islamic extremist organizations in Somalia are comprehensive outcomes of interaction among structural, regional and state factors. Those organizations have formed historical sequences from mutual sharing of ideas, inter-infiltration between members and mutual action strategy imitation. Overseas extremists play a significant role there. Islamic extremist organizations in Somalia have launched brutal terrorist attacks frequently, which not only hinders the national reconstruction, but also harms the Horn of Africa. The overflow of Islamic extremist organizations in Somalia have made the international community and regional powers take a series of countermeasures. But their efficiency is very limited so far, because the extremist organization have improved their ability of ideology “portfolio” and management, while counter powers are in dispute.

KeyWordsSomalia; Islamist Extremism;Al-Itihaadal-Islamiya;Al-Shabaab;HizbulIslam

AuthorZHAO Yuechen, Ph.D. Candidate, Middle East Studies Institute and School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Shanghai International Studies University.