Embedment and Reconstruction： The Operation Logic and Welfare Effect of Rural Small and Micro Pension Institutions

Li Yongping

（College of Humanities amp; Social Development， Northwest Aamp;F University）

Abstract： In the process of modernization and urbanization， the traditional family pension model is diffi‐cult to sustain， and the market-oriented institutional pension model has emerged. Small and flexible micro pen‐sion institutions distributed in rural society are an important type of institutional pension. Based on the field in‐vestigation of three village-level small and micro pension institutions in S County， Henan Province， this paper finds that embededness is the key mechanism for the sound operation of rural small and micro pension institu‐tions. Embeddedness is embodied in four levels： economic embeddedness， social embeddedness， value embed‐dedness and emotional embeddedness， and responds to the multi-level needs of the rural elderly people and their families from four aspects： price advantage， social trust， value satisfaction and emotional response. Based on their advantages of being embedded in rural society， rural small and micro pension institutions not only real‐ize their own benign operation， but also have the significance of welfare radiation and welfare reconstruction for rural society， and thus forming a positive feedback relationship with rural society. In the context of the in‐creasingly severe aging problem in rural areas， the research on small and micro rural pension institutions in this paper is helpful to expand the ideas of socialized old-age care in rural areas， and has important enlightening sig‐nificance for the construction of an age-appropriate rural society.

Key Words： Embeddedness; Institutional Pension; Small and Micro Pension Institutions; Radiative; Old People

“Women Retreating and Men Advancing”： The Gender Segregation of Hairdressers

Li Junpeng and Zhang Zhiqiang

（School of Sociology，Central China Normal University; Hubei Center for"Social Development and Social Policy）

Abstract： Why are most hairdressers men？ How do the gender differentiation and division of hairdress‐ers occur？ This article looks at the labor and gender perspectives， examining the causes and processes of gen‐der segregation among hairdressers. Based on a one-year field observation of several barber shops and in-depth interviews with many hairdressers， combined with the analysis of the hairdressing industry as well as the training and labor processes of hairdressers， we find that occupational gender segregation of hairdressers has already emerged during the skill acquisition stage and continues to solidify thereafter. Under the influence of economic system transformation and industry changes， women suffer from various forms of gender exclu‐sion because of their physical and reproductive characteristics. From the perspective of the main body of workers， the process of “women retreating and men advancing” is reflected in men entering the hairdressing industry， gradually occupying a dominant position in the industry through male strategies such as redefining and adjusting to adapt.

Key Words： Gender; Vocational Education; Gender Segregation; Apprenticeship; Hairdressers

How Digital Technology Drives Resilient Governance in Urban Communities： A Case Study of a Community in Chengdu

Jiang Xiaoping and Li Min

（School of Public Administration， Sichuan University）

Abstract： With the accelerated digital transformation of urban governance， digital technology is gradually becoming the core and key driving and connecting many elements of resilient governance in urban communi‐ties. Recent researches in this area offered explanations from both governance structure and governance pro‐cess perspectives. However， the two perspectives are not effectively combined， resulting in simplistic and frag‐mented theoretical awareness. It is not possible to accurately explain the deep motivations and internal logic of how digital technology empowers resilient governance in urban communities， and unable to provide practical and feasible practical strategies. The case of “Digital Intelligence and Global Operation” in Y community of Chengdu suggests that analyzing digital technology effectively empower resilient governance in urban commu‐nities requires combining the perspectives of governance structure and governance process. In terms of struc‐tural embedding， with several solid fusion， the number of power symbiosis and digital inclusion as basal， digi‐tal technology should be coupled with the tool structure， power structure and value structure of community governance to realize the math-science fusion， achieve the balance of power between digital actors， and inclu‐sive the value of digital and community governance. In the process integration， matching digital technology with the governance process， specifically， in the transformation of digital technology from “technological tools” to “technological power” and then to “technological governance”， digital technology should be matched to the stages， segments， and sequences of community governance， in order to achieve the gradual adaptation of digital technology and governance process. Therefore， it is necessary to develop the practice of resilient gover‐nance in urban communities from a systematic perspective， especially to unify the perspectives of governance structure and process. Only in this way can we better deal with the challenges posed to the resilient governance in urban communities by the rapidly developing digital technologies and the escalating risks.

Key Words： Digital Technology; Urban Community; Resilience Governance; Governance Structural Cou‐pling; Governance Process Matching

The Extraordinary Metre： Duchamp， Wittgenstein， and Kripke on the Standard Meter in Paris

Li Daqiang and Zhang Zhidong

（Center for Fundamentals of Philosophy， Jilin University; School of Philosophy and"Sociology， Jilin University）

Abstract： In Philosophical Investigations， Wittgenstein argues that we can neither say that the Paris stan‐dard meter is one meter long nor that it is not one meter long. Kripke， however， contends that we can say “The Paris standard meter is one meter long，” and that this statement is an a priori contingent truth. The divergence between the two is not a matter of differing opinions but of differing focuses， and more fundamentally， of their distinct understandings of the nature of philosophy. By examining Wittgenstein’s relevant discussions across different texts， we can uncover his general method. Viewing Kripke’s position through the lens of Wittgenstein reveals the mechanism of philosophical confusions. The “dual identities” displayed in Duchamp’s artistic works provides a useful entry for this discussion.

Key Words： Wittgenstein; Kripke; The Paris Standard Meter; Grammatical Proposition; Philosophical Diseases