DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2024.07.003

Abstract：

The Yungang Grottoes， located in Datong City， Shanxi Province， China， are not only" regarded as" an important part of Chinese civilization but also a historical testament to the communication，interaction， and integration of multiple ethnic groups." Their unique artistic style and profound cultural connotations" evidently illustrate" the distinctive characteristics of Chinese civilization.

Research in fact affirms that over time the three phases of Buddha statues in the Yungang Grottoes have undergone significant stylistic changes in terms of facial features， physique， and attire. This" evolution not only seems to signify an artistic progression but also a historical acculturation of" Xianbei culture into Han culture， highlighting the continuity of Chinese civilization as it absorbs and integrates different ethnic cultures throughout history to" forge a unique cultural style.

Regarded as a remarkable achievement in the history of world sculpture， it is found that the Yungang Grottoes" exemplify Buddhism’s adaptation to the Chinese context during the Northern Wei Dynasty，" conceivably showcasing the innovative characteristics" of Chinese civilization. Here， Buddhist art" merges" with traditional Chinese art to create a distinctive sculptural style;" many would agree this enriches" the artistic treasury of Chinese civilization and contributes significantly to global art history as well.

Accounts also attest that the Northern Wei Tuoba regime regarded itself as" the custodian of “orthodoxy”， striving to assert a rightful and" “orthodox” political" authority while promoting the concept a complete unification." This ideological stance evidently supported the endeavor of consolidation and development of a unified China，" demonstrating an inherent uniformity of Chinese civilization." Therefore， the" construction and existence of the Yungang Grottoes can be viewed both as" a promotion of" the" Buddhist faith and an affirmation and legitimization" of a unified political power in China.

It can be said that the Yungang Grottoes" epitomize a synthesis" of Buddhist culture， traditional Tabgatch Xianbei culture， and" deep-rooted Han culture." They illustrate the interdependence of" Buddhist law" and" royal law，" as well as" the integration of Buddhism with Confucianism and Taoism." Concequently， this cultural blend" strongly suggests an inclusiveness" of Chinese civilization，" apparently demonstrating an harmonious coexistence of different cultures and an open， receptive spirit of Chinese civilization in absorbing foreign influences.

Since their inception， the Yungang Grottoes have fostered connections among" various ethnic groups，" serving as a conduit for interaction and exchange." Investigations confirm that as a carrier of" such inter-ethnic integration， the Yungang Grottoes significantly reflect the peaceful nature of Chinese civilization， symbolizing not only artistic expression but also the harmonious coexistence of diverse cultures and the important role of Chinese civilization in promoting national unity and maintaining social stability.

In conclusion， the Yungang Grottoes stand as" a historical site" and a symbol of" diversity in unity and harmonious coexistence" within the Chinese civilization. With its unique artisticnbsp; allure" and" high" cultural connotations， it showcases to the world the continuity， innovation， unity， inclusiveness， and" peacefulness" of Chinese civilization， making it an invaluable resource for the study of Chinese civilization.

Key Words：

the Yungang Grottoes; ethnic cultural integration; Chinese civilization; distinctive characteristics