炎炎夏日,最令人期待的旅行莫過于避開都市的熱鬧喧囂,去廣袤的草原、清澈的河流、豐富的濕地和茂密的森林,尋找一份自由舒適的清涼。當大多數(shù)人涌向氣候宜人的避暑勝地時,有一個地方卻以“中國熱極”的獨有姿態(tài),成為另一種極致體驗的代名詞,它就是火焰山。
火焰山,這個名字里便帶著火熱與激情的地方,正是《西游記》中孫悟空三借芭蕉扇的經(jīng)典場景所在地。這座充滿神秘色彩的山脈,不僅憑借《西游記》而家喻戶曉,更以其獨特的地質(zhì)特征、極端的氣候條件和豐富的歷史文化,吸引著無數(shù)游客前來一探究竟。
火焰山,橫亙于新疆吐魯番盆地的北緣,呈東西走向,全長約100公里,最寬處達10公里,主峰青龍嘴海拔高達831.7米。山體由侏羅系、白堊系、古近系和新近系三套紅色地層組成,顏色以橘紅、棕紅色砂巖和泥巖為主。當陽光照射到山體上時,紅色的巖石反射出強烈的光芒,宛如火焰般熊熊燃燒,因此得名。
這種自然現(xiàn)象在炎熱的夏季尤為壯觀。1975年7月13日,人們在火焰山測得了49.6℃的氣溫,這是中國有氣象記錄以來的最高溫度?;鹧嫔降牡乇頊囟雀撸?017年7月11日,火焰山風景區(qū)巨型金箍棒溫度計測得地表溫度為89℃,火焰山也因此被稱為“中國熱極”。當?shù)孛耖g流傳著“沙窩里蒸熟雞蛋、石頭上烤熟面餅”的說法,這樣的溫度,烤熟雞蛋是一件輕而易舉的事情。
那么,火焰山為什么這么熱呢?
這與火焰山所處的地理位置有著很大的關(guān)系?;鹧嫔剿幍耐卖敺璧?,地勢低洼,周圍被高山環(huán)繞,這種地形導致熱空氣不易散失,形成了封閉的空間,使得此地干燥炎熱。此外,由于山地裸露,草木無覆,戈壁沙漠面積大,日照時間長,造成這里白天增溫迅速,形成了北緯42°線上唯一的熱火爐。再加上地下蘊藏著豐富的石油、煤炭和天然氣資源,這些資源的自燃,也是導致火焰山高溫的原因之一。
值得一提的是,火焰山的北面,有鄯善、連木沁、蘇巴什等綠洲,那里綠樹成蔭、芳草萋萋,一派生機勃勃的景象。
火焰山不僅地質(zhì)特征獨特,還蘊含著豐厚的歷史文化底蘊。自古以來,這里就是絲綢之路的重要通道,見證了無數(shù)商旅的足跡和文化的交流。在《山海經(jīng)》中,火焰山被稱為“炎火之山”,而在維吾爾語中,它被稱為“克孜爾塔克”,意為紅山。隋唐時期,這里曾被稱為“赤石山”,足見其歷史悠久?;鹧嫔降貐^(qū)還保留著許多歷史遺跡,如鳴沙山、大橋溝、千佛洞等,每一處都承載著厚重的歷史。走近它們,人們仿佛能感受到那份來自遠古的熾熱與激情。
近年來,吐魯番市大力實施“文旅興市”戰(zhàn)略,推動旅游業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。火焰山風景區(qū)作為其中的佼佼者,迎來了前所未有的發(fā)展機遇。景區(qū)不僅保留了自然景觀的原始風貌,還開發(fā)了眾多人文景觀,如西游文化長廊、火焰山地理文化廳、高昌歷史名人廳等,讓游客在欣賞美景的同時,也能深入了解這里的歷史文化。此外,景區(qū)還推出了VR“飛躍火焰山”體驗館、休閑購物中心等現(xiàn)代化旅游設(shè)施,為游客提供了更加豐富多彩的旅游體驗。
編輯/魏偉
Flaming Mountain, a Legend in Turpan
The Flaming Mountain, lying on the northern edge of the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, running east-west, has an overall length of about 100 kilometers, and a maximum width of 10 kilometers. Its main peak Qinglongzui has an elevation of 831.7 meters. When sunlight hits the massif, the red rocks reflect a strong light, looking like burning flames. So, it got the name Flaming Mountain.
On July 13, 1975, the measured temperature of the Flaming Mountain reached 49.6°C, which was the highest temperature recorded in the history of China’s meteorological observations. Its surface temperature is even higher. On July 11, 2017, like a giant golden cudgel, the thermometer in the Flaming Mountain scenic area recorded a surface temperature of 89°C. Thus, the mountain is also known as China’s Heat Pole.
The Flaming Mountain is located in the Turpan Basin, which is low-lying and surrounded by high mountains. The landform makes it difficult for hot air to dissipate, and forms an enclosed space, and leads it to it being dry and hot. Moreover, as a result of bare mountains, no vegetation, a vast expanse of Gobi Desert, and long sunshine duration, the temperature here increases rapidly in the daytime, causing the formation of the only hot stove at the latitude of 42 degrees north. In addition, there are abundant oil, coal and natural gas resourc- es underground. The spontaneous combustion of these resources brings about the high temperature of the Flaming Mountain.
It has been an important channel on the Silk Road since ancient times, witnessing the footsteps of countless traders and their cultural exchanges. In The Classic of Mountains and Seas , the Flaming Mountain is dubbed “Mountain of Flame”. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was known as “Red Stone Mountain”, which suggested its long history. The Flaming Mountain area still retains many historical sites, e.g. the Mingsha Mountain, Daqiaoguo, and the Thousand Buddha Caves. Every site carries a profound history.