考研英語寫作分小作文和大作文兩個(gè)部分,本刊考研專欄前5次講解了大作文,今天針對(duì)小作文專門講解。小作文旨在考查學(xué)生實(shí)用英語能力,也就是用英語來完成一件日常工作,近年來都是要求考生寫一封信來完成以下7項(xiàng)任務(wù):
介紹說明:對(duì)某個(gè)地方,某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)或某項(xiàng)服務(wù)進(jìn)行情況說明。
邀請(qǐng)/要求:邀請(qǐng)或要求某人參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。
投訴:向某人投訴某產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的不足之處。
推薦:向某人推薦某物。
建議:就某事提出建議。
道歉:就某事表達(dá)歉意。
說明原因:就某事說明理由。
這些任務(wù)可以單獨(dú)成題,也可以組合成題。組合成題時(shí),一般僅涉及2項(xiàng)任務(wù),尚未看到超過3項(xiàng)任務(wù)的情況。以下是完成這7項(xiàng)任務(wù)的常用表達(dá)。
介紹說明
本項(xiàng)任務(wù)要求考生對(duì)某個(gè)活動(dòng)、某種服務(wù)或某項(xiàng)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行介紹說明,是常見的一種應(yīng)用文寫作。介紹說明的關(guān)鍵在于提供細(xì)節(jié),包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、參與人、目的、步驟、方法等。就活動(dòng)介紹而言,需要說明活動(dòng)名稱、舉辦單位、活動(dòng)宗旨、參與人群等;就服務(wù)介紹而言,需要說明服務(wù)方式、服務(wù)對(duì)象、服務(wù)步驟、服務(wù)費(fèi)用等;就計(jì)劃介紹而言,需要說明計(jì)劃名稱、計(jì)劃內(nèi)容、計(jì)劃實(shí)施步驟等。常用表達(dá)如下:
(1)I would like to explain some details about the coming meeting. 我想解釋一下即將召開的會(huì)議的細(xì)節(jié)。
(2)We’ll invite both professors and graduate students to join the meeting. 我們將邀請(qǐng)教授和研究生參加本次會(huì)議。
(3)The purpose of the meeting is to deepen mutual understanding between professors and graduate students. 本次會(huì)議的目的是加深教授和研究生之間的相互理解。
(4)During the meeting, both professors and graduate students will discuss the problems they currently face, and then try to figure out a solution. 會(huì)議期間,教授和研究生們將討論他們面臨的問題,并找出解決方案。
(5)The Students’ Union is made up of the student representatives from every school in our university. Its function is to make sure that all students have a rewarding college experience. 學(xué)生會(huì)由大學(xué)里各學(xué)院學(xué)生代表組成,其功能是讓所有學(xué)生度過有價(jià)值的大學(xué)時(shí)光。
(6)You can join the plan by giving away your pocket money, books, food, and clothes. 你可以加入這個(gè)計(jì)劃,捐出零用錢、書籍、食物和衣服。
邀請(qǐng)/要求
本項(xiàng)任務(wù)要求考生寫一封邀請(qǐng)信,邀請(qǐng)某外國(guó)專家/外國(guó)友人參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。內(nèi)容一般包括:表達(dá)邀請(qǐng)的愿望,對(duì)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要介紹,有關(guān)邀請(qǐng)的其他事項(xiàng)(如被邀請(qǐng)人的重要性、活動(dòng)接送安排、邀請(qǐng)人聯(lián)系方式等)。常用表達(dá)如下:
W6sCDmzbvRt5A1WjIS/q6g==(1)I was just wondering if you could accept our invitation to be a judge for our English speech contest. 不知道您是否愿意接受邀請(qǐng),給我們的英語演講比賽做評(píng)委。
(2)There will be a volunteer at the conference to serve as your guide. 會(huì)議上將有一名志愿者做您的向?qū)А?/p>
(3)Please feel free to (or: Please do not hesitate to) contact me at 139xxx if you have any further questions. 如果您有任何其他問題,請(qǐng)撥打我的電話139xxx。
(4)I am looking forward to your arrival. 我期待您的到來。
投訴
本項(xiàng)任務(wù)要求學(xué)生寫一封投訴信,告訴對(duì)方他們的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)存在某種問題,說明原因,然后提出賠償要求、解決辦法或改進(jìn)建議;或給報(bào)社及相關(guān)部門寫信,描述某個(gè)問題,然后提出解決辦法。常用表達(dá)如下:
(1)I feel sorry to trouble you, but I am afraid that I have to complain about the noise problem in the library. 很抱歉打擾你,但我認(rèn)為必須投訴圖書館的噪音問題。
(2)The problem has been going on for quite a while, and it has greatly affected the quality of my life. 這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,嚴(yán)重影響了我的生活質(zhì)量。
(3)The product is not as good as you have advertised, so I’m asking for a return. 產(chǎn)品沒有你們廣告說的那么好,因此我要求退貨。
(4)The reasons for my dissatisfaction are as follows. First, ... Second, ... Third, .... 我不滿意的理由如下:第一,……第二,……第三,……。
(5)Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply. 謝謝您考慮我提出的問題,我期待您的回復(fù)。
推薦
本項(xiàng)任務(wù)要求考生向朋友推薦自己喜歡的一本書、一部電影、一門課程或一位老師等。通常包括:推薦并說明推薦原因(或介紹具體情況)。常用表達(dá)如下:
(1)I would like to recommend this book (movie/professor) to you. 我想給你推薦這本書(電影/教授)。
(2)The reasons for my recommendation are as follows. 我推薦的理由如下。
(3)This movie tells an exciting story about how a man is inspired by music and becomes a great hero. 這部電影講述了一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的故事,講的是一個(gè)人如何受音樂激勵(lì),變成了大英雄。
(4)The professor is really a nice person, and he is amiable and ready to help his students. 這位教授人真的很好,很和善,而且愿意幫助學(xué)生。
(5)If you are trying to find something to read, this book is my strong recommendation. 如果你想找點(diǎn)東西讀,我強(qiáng)烈推薦這本書。
建議
本項(xiàng)任務(wù)要求考生就某個(gè)問題提出建議,通常要求提出2—3條建議。提建議的語氣分強(qiáng)弱兩種,如果給上級(jí)提建議,應(yīng)該用委婉語氣,盡量避免使用“you should...”這樣的句式。提建議時(shí)一般也需要陳述理由。常用表達(dá)如下:
(1)My suggestions are as follows. First, ... Second, ... Third, .... 我的建議如下:一、…… 二、…… 三、……。
(2)I would suggest that more sports facilities for students be installed on campus. 我建議在校園里為學(xué)生安裝更多的體育設(shè)施。
(3)It would be great if the library was open on weekends. 圖書館周末開放就太好了。(委婉提建議的一種方法。)
(4)If there were more metro lines and bus services, the city would not be so crowded. 如果有更多地鐵線和公共汽車服務(wù),城市就不會(huì)那么擁擠了。(委婉提建議的一種方法。)
(5)It is high time that the university improved its teaching quality. 現(xiàn)在,大學(xué)該提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量了。(委婉提建議的一種方法。)
(6)You should find a job that suits your ability. 你應(yīng)該找一份適合自己能力的工作。
道歉
本項(xiàng)任務(wù)要求考生寫信向?qū)Ψ降狼?,道歉的原因可能是自己犯了某個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,或者自己要采取某個(gè)不利于別人的行動(dòng)。通常需要描寫錯(cuò)誤的細(xì)節(jié),然后致歉,最后提出解決辦法。常用表達(dá)如下:
(1)I am writing to apologize for the mistake I made this morning. 我寫信為我今天上午犯的錯(cuò)誤致歉。
(2)I would like to express my apology for having been late for your class today. 我想對(duì)今天上課遲到表示歉意。
(3)I am terribly sorry to tell you that I am not able to go to your birthday party this Saturday. 很遺憾地告訴你,我本周六無法參加你的生日晚會(huì)了。
(4)Once again, I am sorry for all the inconveniences caused. 為造成的不便,我再一次道歉。
說明原因
本項(xiàng)任務(wù)比較常見,往往與其他任務(wù)同時(shí)出現(xiàn),無論是邀請(qǐng)、推薦、建議,還是投訴、道歉,都有可能需要說明原因。常用表達(dá)如下:
(1)My reasons are as follows. 我的理由如下。
(2)The first reason why I recommend this book to you is that it is very enlightening. 我向你推薦這本書的第一個(gè)理由是,這本書非常有啟發(fā)性。
(3)I would like to make an apology to you because I hurt you this morning. 我想向你道歉,因?yàn)槲医裉焐衔鐐α四恪?/p>
(4)We would like to invite you for the reason that you are the leading expert in this field. 我們想邀請(qǐng)您,因?yàn)槟沁@個(gè)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)先專家。
(5)I make this suggestion for a few reasons, the most important of which is that the university should always put the students’ health in the first place. 我這樣建議是出于幾個(gè)理由,其中最重要的理由是,大學(xué)應(yīng)該將學(xué)生的健康置于首位。
*博士生導(dǎo)師,江西師范大學(xué)首席教授,英美文學(xué)學(xué)者。
《論語》英譯選登
后生可畏,焉知來者之不如今也?
Young people are a worthy challenge. Who says that the younger generation will not be as good as the older?
三軍可奪帥也,匹夫不可奪志也。
While a great army may be made to change its commander, a common person cannot be made to change his ambition.
歲寒,然后知松柏之后凋也。
It is only in cold winter months that we see how the pine and the cypress are the last to wither.
知者不惑,仁者不憂,勇者不懼。
The wise won’t get bewildered, the virtuous are not anxiety-ridden, and the courageous are dauntless.
(《〈論語〉最新英文全譯全注本》,吳國(guó)珍,福建教育出版社,2012)