曲永華

完形填空設(shè)題通常分為兩種：詞義辨析與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣搭配與語(yǔ)境推理。如何解答此類(lèi)試題才能獲得高分呢？

在做完形填空題時(shí)，通常先弄清語(yǔ)境，并依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行合理的分析、判斷，才能做出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以下三步。

一、通讀全文，掌握大意

理解全文是突破完形填空題難關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)。要快速地閱讀全文，盡管有空格、生詞和不理解的地方，仍要堅(jiān)持快速地讀完全文。閱讀時(shí)要注意找出關(guān)鍵詞、中心詞，畫(huà)出某些代表人物和情節(jié)的詞，以便于形成思路。千萬(wàn)不能在未掌握全文大意的情況下，邊閱讀邊做題。

二、瞻前顧后，了解上下文

通讀全文后，回過(guò)頭來(lái)再讀空格所在的句子，回顧上一句，兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩個(gè)空格，在初定答案時(shí)，要“兩手抓”，在兩處同時(shí)試填，然后確定答案。遇到少數(shù)沒(méi)有把握的選項(xiàng)時(shí)，可暫時(shí)跳過(guò)空格，還按原來(lái)的思路繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，等到大部分答案選出后，根據(jù)已經(jīng)補(bǔ)全的信息，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)對(duì)全文的理解，再琢磨剩下的選項(xiàng)，就會(huì)清楚地理解空格處要填的詞匯。

三、分析語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)行詞義推敲

把填好的全文閱讀一遍，進(jìn)行核查，看所選的答案是否能使上下文連貫，是否合乎邏輯，同時(shí)還要從語(yǔ)法、詞匯、固定搭配、常識(shí)甚至語(yǔ)感等方面考慮驗(yàn)證，特別要對(duì)第一次沒(méi)有把握的選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)斟酌推敲。

下面對(duì)2024年遼寧省初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試英語(yǔ)樣卷完形填空試題進(jìn)行解讀。

A lark （云雀） made her nest （鳥(niǎo)巢） in a field of young wheat （小麥）. In this nest were three baby larks. The mother had to fly away every day to get them21 . All around them the wheat grew tall and began to ripen （成熟）.

One day， a farmer and his son came to the22 .The farmer said， “This wheat is ripe. We must ask someone to help us23it.”

Hearing what they said， the larks were in great24because they were afraid of losing their home. When their mother got back to the nest， they at once told her what they had heard.

“We must25at once！” said the young larks. “Or the men will come and kill us.”

“There is no need to26now， my children，” said the mother. “We are quite safe at present. The man who waits for others to help him with his27is not to be feared. But when they come again， listen and tell me what they say.”

A few days later， the farmer found that the wheat was so ripe. He said to his son，“ 28this wheat is not cut at once， we will lose half of them. We cant afford to wait any longer for help from others. Tomorrow we must start to work， ourselves.”

When the young larks told their mother what they had heard that day， she said， “Ah！ Its29for us to leave now. When a man decides to do his own work and not to30

anyone else， then it is sure to be done.”

By this time the little larks could fly， so the next day， they flew away to a new home.

（）21. A. time B. food C. fun D. space

（）22. A. house ? ? ? B. market ? ? ? C. field ? ? ? ? ? D. park

（）23. A. eat ? ? ? ? B. cut ? ? ? ? C. sell ? ? ? ? ? D. grow

（）24. A. fear ? ? ? ? B. happiness ? C. excitement ? ? D. surprise

（）25. A. sleep ? ? ? ? B. stop ? ? ? ? C. shout ? ? ? ? D. move

（）26. A. worry ? ? ? B. regret ? ? ? C. check ? ? ? ? D. practice

（）27. A. study ? ? ? B. health ? ? ? C. work ? ? ? ? D. exercise

（）28. A. Unless ? ? ? B. Although ? ? C. Until ? ? ? ? D. If

（）29. A. necessary ? B. difficult ? ? C. impossible ? ? D. interesting

（）30. A. look after ? B. laugh at ? ? C. listen to ? ? ? D. depend on

故事梗概：本文選自《伊索寓言》中的故事——《百靈鳥(niǎo)和它的孩子們》。大意是：有一只云雀把家安在一片青嫩的麥田里。當(dāng)麥子熟了的時(shí)候，為了安全它們就不得不搬走，所以在麥子收割之前，云雀沉著冷靜，抓住機(jī)會(huì)，吩咐它的孩子們苦練飛行本領(lǐng)，終于在麥子收割之前能夠翱翔天空，安全抵達(dá)新家。故事同時(shí)也告訴我們一個(gè)道理：“當(dāng)一個(gè)人要叫上他的朋友來(lái)幫忙，那就意味著這件事暫時(shí)還不會(huì)被做；當(dāng)一個(gè)人決定去做自己的事情而不依賴任何人，那你就可以確信不會(huì)再有任何耽擱了?！?/p>

注：lark：n. 百靈（百靈科鳥(niǎo)的統(tǒng)稱）；云雀

樣題解析：

21. B。此題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這位母親每天都要飛去給它們尋找_________?！?/p>

四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.時(shí)間B.食物C.樂(lè)趣D.空間。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

22. C。此題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“一天，一個(gè)農(nóng)民和他的兒子來(lái)到_________。”

四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.房子B.市場(chǎng)C.田野D.公園。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

23. B。 此題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“農(nóng)夫說(shuō)： ‘這些小麥已經(jīng)成熟了，我們必須請(qǐng)人幫我們_________它?！?四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.吃 B. 割 C. 賣(mài) D. 生長(zhǎng)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

24. A。此題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“聽(tīng)到他們說(shuō)的話，云雀?jìng)兎浅________，因?yàn)樗麄兒ε率ゼ覉@?！彼膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.恐懼B.幸福C.興奮D.驚訝。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

25. D。此題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“‘我們必須馬上_________！小云雀說(shuō)?！彼膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.睡覺(jué)B.停止C.喊叫D.移動(dòng)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

26. A。此題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“‘我的孩子們，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有必要_________，母親說(shuō)。”四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.擔(dān)心B.后悔C.檢查D.練習(xí)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

27. C。此題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們目前相當(dāng)安全。等待別人幫助他完成_________的人是不可怕的。但是當(dāng)他們?cè)賮?lái)的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)著，告訴我他們說(shuō)了什么?！彼膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.學(xué)習(xí)B.健康C.工作D.鍛煉。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

28. D。此題考查狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞用法。句意：“他對(duì)兒子說(shuō)：‘這些小麥_________

不能馬上收割，我們會(huì)損失一半。”四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.除非是 B .雖然是 C. 直到 D.如果。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

29. A。此題考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)小云雀把那天聽(tīng)到的話告訴它們的母親時(shí)，她說(shuō)：‘啊！我們現(xiàn)在_________該走了。”四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.必要B.困難C.不可能D.有趣。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

30. D。此題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：“當(dāng)一個(gè)人決定做他自己的工作而不_________

任何人時(shí)，那么這件事就一定會(huì)做。”四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義分別為：A.照顧 B. 笑 C. 聽(tīng) D. 依賴。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文作者以自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我們父母正確的價(jià)值觀會(huì)對(duì)孩子產(chǎn)生很大的影響。

I remember the year when I was seven years old. I__1__ a pretty hair clip from a girl in my dance class. My__2__ found the shiny clip was not bought by them. So they sat me down on the floor of our study and explained__3__ what I had done was wrong. What a bad end I would come to if I became a thief—people would not trust me any more.

More than thirty years on， the lesson has reminded me a lot. Ive never taken__4__ that was not mine away. Once， I left a store wearing a pair of sunglasses Id tried on and then I__5__ gave it back. But that gave me the feeling of shame for months.

Though my childhood memories are not__6__， such moments when my parents told me good values are always in my mind. They provided a standard of good__7__： to put myself in others shoes and to control my greed （貪欲）.

The social environment in the coming age__8__ each generations value， but families have the deeper effect on children. The right values from our parents can finally lead us to__9__.

I believe in truth because my parents raise me to do so， even though sometimes my opinions are different from theirs. I believe in__10__ because my parents set me good examples. They cure the sick and visit the lonely. I believe in working hard because my parents devote themselves to the society. Good values from my family have shaped me. And I will pass them on to my kids.

（）1. A. borrowed B. discovered C. stole D. pulled

（）2. A. friends B. classmates C. teachers D. parents

（）3. A. why B. where C. how D. when

（）4. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything

（）5. A. quickly B. simply C. happily D. easily

（）6. A. wonderful B. clear C. funny D. different

（）7. A. abilities B. qualities C. scores D. services

（）8. A. confirms B. decides C. influences D. proves

（）9. A. look up B. grow up C. turn up D. hurry up

（）10. A. kindness B. fitness C. carefulness D. happiness

【答案】1-5.CDADA ? ?6-10.BBCBA

（作者單位：遼寧省東港市黑溝學(xué)校）