◎熊娟娟

Track 5

科隆博格城堡，中世紀(jì)防御工事與文藝復(fù)興華麗融合的宮殿，是丹麥豐富歷史的標(biāo)志性見證。 它巍峨雄偉，氣象森嚴(yán)，是丹麥最負(fù)盛名的宮廷建筑之一，也是丹麥人民重要的民族象征。讓我們閱讀本文，一同細(xì)細(xì)品味這座承載著王室輝煌與文化的宮殿的深厚底蘊(yùn)吧！

入選時間(Date of Inscription) 2000 年

遴選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Criteria) (iv)

檔案編號(Dossier) 696

Located on a strategically important site commanding the Sund,the stretch of water between Denmark and Sweden, the Royal castle of Kronborg at Helsing?r (Elsinore) is of immense symbolic value to the Danish people and played a key role in the history of northern Europe in the 16th-18th centuries.Originally built as a1)fortress by King Eric VII of Denmark, it served as a strategic stronghold to protect the northern coastline of Denmark and control the entrance to the ?resund Strait.

During the Renaissance Period, significant expansions and renovations transformed Kronborg castle into a magnificent Renaissance-style edifice.Under the reign of King Frederik II in the 16th century, the castle was reconstructed, ensuring its status as one of the main royal residences in Denmark and a masterpiece of Danish Renaissance architecture.

As a matter of fact, over the centuries, Kronborg Castle has undergone several alterations.In 1629 the castle was destroyed by a fire, but it was rebuilt shortly after in almost precisely the same shape.In 1658 the fortress was2)bombarded and conquered by the Swedish army, which subsequently plundered the castle.In 1785, when the military moved into the castle, several alterations were made to the interior space.In 1924-1938, when the military no longer occupied the fortress, a thorough restoration took place and the alterations were removed.

Throughout the years, the fortifications surrounding the castle have been altered and expanded to accommodate new arms and their ranges.In 1882, when the Elsinore shipyard was founded, the fortress area was partially destroyed.After the3)closure and demolition of parts of the shipyard in 1982, restoration projects were carried out in order to restore and re-establish the fortified area’s previous size and shape for the purpose of enhancing the castle’s strategic value.

Kronborg Castle is renowned for its impressive architectural style, which reflects the transition from a defensive fortress to a magnificent Renaissance palace.The castle’s architecture seamlessly blends elements of medieval fortification with the grandeur of Renaissance design, creating a unique and visually striking structure.

The4)exterior of Kronborg Castle is marked by its imposing towers, elegant turrets, and intricately carved stone decorations.The interior features grand halls adorned with elaborate murals,ornate ceilings, and5)opulent furnishings, showcasing the opulence and sophistication of Renaissance architecture.

Throughout history, Kronborg Castle played various roles,serving not only as a royal residence but also as a center for political and cultural activities.It is also closely associated with the works of the renowned English playwright William Shakespeare,particularly his playHamlet, where the “Elsinore Castle” is based on Kronborg Castle.

Today, Kronborg Castle stands as a national treasure and a UNESCO World Heritage site, attracting visitors from around the world.The castle houses a wealth of historical artifacts and artworks,showcasing the splendid history of the Danish6)monarchy.The surrounding gardens and coastline offer visitors a chance to appreciate the magnificent views of the palace and enjoy the natural beauty of Denmark.

1) fortressn.堡壘；要塞

2) bombardv.炮擊；轟炸

3) closuren.關(guān)閉

4) exteriorn.外觀；外貌

5) opulentadj.富裕的；豪華的

6) monarchyn.君主制

赫爾辛格的科隆博格城堡位于一個重要的戰(zhàn)略要塞上，居高臨下面對丹麥和瑞典交界的桑德水域，對丹麥人具有巨大的象征意義，在16 世紀(jì)至18 世紀(jì)的北歐歷史中發(fā)揮了重要作用。最初它是由丹麥國王埃里克七世建造的一座城堡，作為一處戰(zhàn)略要塞，旨在保護(hù)丹麥的北海岸線并控制進(jìn)入厄勒海峽的入口。

文藝復(fù)興時期，科隆博格城堡經(jīng)歷了重要的擴(kuò)建和改建，被打造成了一座宏偉的文藝復(fù)興宮殿。在16 世紀(jì)，丹麥國王腓特烈二世下令將科隆博格城堡進(jìn)行改建，確立了其作為丹麥主要王室住所之一和丹麥文藝復(fù)興建筑的杰作的地位。

事實(shí)上，幾百年來，科隆博格城堡經(jīng)歷了數(shù)次改建。1629 年，城堡被一場大火摧毀，但很快以幾乎相同的形狀重建。1658 年，瑞典軍隊(duì)轟炸并侵占了這座城堡，隨后又洗劫了該城堡。1785 年，軍隊(duì)進(jìn)駐城堡時對內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行了幾處改造。1924—1938 年，軍隊(duì)撤離這座堡壘后，丹麥人對其進(jìn)行了徹底的修復(fù)，并拆除了改建工程。

多年來，城堡周圍的防御工事進(jìn)行了改建和擴(kuò)建，以存放新的武器和適應(yīng)射程。1882 年，埃爾西諾造船廠成立時，部分堡壘區(qū)被摧毀。1982 年，造船廠關(guān)閉和拆除之后，丹麥人對其被修復(fù)，恢復(fù)和重新建立堡壘區(qū)先前的規(guī)模和形狀，以增強(qiáng)城堡的戰(zhàn)略價值。

科隆博格城堡以其令人印象深刻的建筑風(fēng)格而聞名，這一風(fēng)格體現(xiàn)了從防御性要塞到宏偉的文藝復(fù)興宮殿的過渡。城堡的建筑風(fēng)格將中世紀(jì)防御要塞的元素與文藝復(fù)興設(shè)計的宏偉融合在一起，創(chuàng)造出了一座獨(dú)特而引人注目的建筑。

科隆博格城堡的外部以其雄偉的塔樓、優(yōu)雅的尖塔和精美雕刻的石制裝飾而著稱。城堡內(nèi)部設(shè)有裝飾華麗的大廳，墻壁上繪有精美的壁畫，天花板上雕刻著精美的圖案，同時配有豪華的家具，展示了文藝復(fù)興建筑的奢華和精致。

縱觀歷史，科隆博格城堡在丹麥歷史上扮演了多重角色，不僅是王室住所，還是政治和文化活動的中心。它還與著名的英國劇作家威廉·莎士比亞的作品密切相關(guān)，特別是他的戲劇《哈姆雷特》，其中的“埃爾西諾城堡”就是以科隆博格城堡為原型。

如今，科隆博格城堡作為丹麥的國家寶藏和聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)，吸引著來自世界各地的游客。城堡內(nèi)陳設(shè)著豐富的歷史文物和藝術(shù)品，展示了丹麥王室的輝煌歷史。城堡周圍的花園和海岸線也為游客提供了欣賞城堡壯麗景色和享受丹麥自然風(fēng)光的絕佳機(jī)會。