王金岳/譯

Collages are a simple craft activity that involves gluing paper， recycled or natural items to paper. Through creating collage art young children are encouraged to express themselves through their work and make choices without adult direction. There are many benefits to collage work including the fine motor skills1 toddlers2 and preschoolers practice， development of independence through practicing and repetition and making choices about their work3.

拼貼是一種簡(jiǎn)單的手工藝活動(dòng)，將紙張、回收物品或天然物品粘貼到紙上。通過創(chuàng)作拼貼藝術(shù)作品，幼兒受到鼓勵(lì)用作品表達(dá)自我，在無成人指導(dǎo)的情況下做出選擇。拼貼活動(dòng)有許多好處，包括訓(xùn)練學(xué)步兒童和學(xué)齡前兒童的精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能、通過練習(xí)和重復(fù)培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立性，以及在創(chuàng)作中做出選擇。

Practicing fine motor skills

訓(xùn)練精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能

Young children need to practice their fine motor skills， which involves using small muscles that work with the brain and nervous system to control movements. Fine motor skills are necessary for everyday tasks， self-care and essential for handwriting. Children practice fine motor skills when they glue， stick， staple， cut or tear collage materials.

幼兒必須訓(xùn)練其精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能，即使用與大腦和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)協(xié)同工作的小肌肉來控制運(yùn)動(dòng)。精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)日常任務(wù)、生活自理必不可少，對(duì)書寫至關(guān)重要。孩子們粘粘貼貼、訂訂補(bǔ)補(bǔ)、撕撕剪剪，就在訓(xùn)練精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)技能。

Exploring independence

開發(fā)獨(dú)立性

Collage art is an ideal time for young children to practice their independence while exploring art materials. When provided safe materials like paper， yarn4， felt5 and leaves， children can do what they like with them. Children can squeeze glue， cut materials apart and arrange the pieces however decided on the paper. Adults don’t need to guide， direct or correct the child. Children have a natural desire to touch and explore objects to learn about their world. The open-ended6 concept of collage work allows children time to concentrate and persist when challenged. There’s no substitute for the pride and confidence developed when children “do it themselves”！

制作拼貼藝術(shù)作品是幼兒邊探索藝術(shù)材料邊訓(xùn)練獨(dú)立性的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。得到像紙張、毛線、氈布和樹葉這樣一些安全的材料，孩子們可以想做什么做什么。可以擠膠水、把材料裁開并一片片隨心所欲地?cái)[放在紙上。成人不必予以引導(dǎo)、指導(dǎo)或糾正。孩子們天生渴望觸摸和探索物體借以了解自己所處的世界。拼貼活動(dòng)的開放性理念給孩子們時(shí)間培養(yǎng)專注力，遇到困難時(shí)堅(jiān)持不懈。他們?cè)凇白约簞?dòng)手”的過程中培養(yǎng)出來的自尊心和自信心是無可替代的！

Making choices

做選擇

When gluing collage materials to a surface， children make choices about what items they want to use. This may be based on colors the child likes， unique materials he may not have been exposed to before or a texture he enjoys， like sand. Children can choose to add more or less to their projects.

在將拼貼材料黏貼到一個(gè)物體表面時(shí)，孩子會(huì)選擇他們想要使用的物品。這可能基于孩子喜歡的顏色、之前他或許未曾接觸過的獨(dú)特材料，或是他喜愛的某樣物體的手感，比如沙子。孩子們可選擇在其制作方案中多加一點(diǎn)或少加一點(diǎn)。

Learning and growing with collage art

在制作拼貼藝術(shù)作品中學(xué)習(xí)和成長

Children practice skills across the domains when they create collage art. Some skills children are developing through collage art include：

孩子們?cè)趧?chuàng)作拼貼藝術(shù)作品時(shí)可訓(xùn)練多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的技能。他們通過拼貼藝術(shù)培養(yǎng)的一些技能包括：

· Social-Emotional

· 社交和情感

o Self-Awareness： making choices about what materials are pleasing to them

o 自我意識(shí)：選擇自己喜歡什么樣的材料

o Self-Regulation： learning to share materials or leave some for others， controlling the amount of glue they squeeze

o 自我調(diào)節(jié)：學(xué)會(huì)與人分享材料或?yàn)樗肆粢恍┎牧希刂茢D出膠水的量

o Attention & Persistence： continuing to work on the collage from start to finish， persisting when tasks are difficult like squeezing glue， or getting an object to stick or cutting through a material

o 注意力與毅力：堅(jiān)持做完一件拼貼作品，有始有終；面對(duì)困難的操作，比如擠膠水、黏貼一個(gè)物件或切開材料時(shí)，能夠堅(jiān)持

o Social Relationships： sharing materials， working at the same table with others

o 社會(huì)關(guān)系：與人分享材料，與他人共用一張桌子做手工

· Physical Development

· 身體發(fā)育

o Fine Motor： squeezing glue， picking up some small objects or thin pieces of paper

o 精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)：擠膠水，拿起一些小物件或薄紙片

o Safety： following safety rules， knowing how to use scissors correctly

o 安全：遵守安全規(guī)則，知道如何正確使用剪刀

· Language & Literacy Development

· 語言與讀寫能力培養(yǎng)

o Communication： with friends or educator

o 交流：跟朋友或教師交流

o Writing： coloring or writing

o 書寫：著色或書寫

· Mathematics & Reasoning

· 數(shù)學(xué)與推理

o Number Sense： counting of objects

o 數(shù)字意識(shí)：數(shù)數(shù)

Spatial? Awareness： turning and placing objects and making decisions about the placement of collage materials

o 空間意識(shí)：轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和擺放物體，決定如何擺放拼貼材料

o Shapes： using shapes to create a picture with collage materials

o 形狀：用拼貼材料組合出形狀構(gòu)成圖畫

o Measurement： estimating and cutting or placing materials

o衡量：估算、裁切和擺放材料

o Logic & Reasoning： problem-solving and experimenting with supplies

o 邏輯與推理：利用手頭物品解決問題，不斷嘗試

· Science

· 科學(xué)

o Natural & Earth Science： working with natural materials or actively collecting them for art

o 自然與地球科學(xué)：用天然材料或積極收集天然材料進(jìn)行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作

· Social Studies

· 社會(huì)學(xué)

o Culture & Community： cultural patterns， colors， fabrics may be used

o 文化與社區(qū)：可能用到與文化有關(guān)的圖案、顏色、織物

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸?/p>

1 fine motor skills指憑借手以及手指等部位的小肌或小肌群的運(yùn)動(dòng)，在感知覺、注意力等心理活動(dòng)的配合下完成特定任務(wù)的能力。motor 肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)的；運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)的。? 2 toddler 學(xué)步的兒童，剛學(xué)走路的小孩。? 3 work 工作所需的材料。

4 yarn 沙，線；毛線。? 5 felt毛氈。? 6 open-ended 無限制的，無確定目標(biāo)的，無期限的。

7 spatial 空間的。