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        天后

        2023-12-29 00:00:00
        歌劇 2023年9期

        小瓊:我剛從倫敦回來。在那里我參觀了維多利亞和阿爾伯特博物館的一個(gè)名為“天后”的特別展覽,參觀者們可以欣賞到那么多華麗的服裝、照片、節(jié)目單和海報(bào)。該展覽將于2024 年4 月結(jié)束, 所以如果你恰巧在倫敦,一定不要錯(cuò)過!你還可以戴上耳機(jī),聽這些天后們錄制的表演原聲!

        小薇:也許最好從展覽名“Diva”這個(gè)詞開始溯源。Diva 在拉丁語中是“女神”的意思。在美聲歌劇的鼎盛時(shí)期,這個(gè)詞在意大利被廣泛使用。當(dāng)時(shí)的歌劇女主演們(大多數(shù)是女高音)贏得了公眾的追捧,意大利歌劇迷開始把他們的明星稱為“天后”。

        小瓊:我剛查了一下《劍橋詞典》,“Diva”這個(gè)詞現(xiàn)在有兩個(gè)定義:1. 非常成功和著名的女歌手或演員;2. 表現(xiàn)得好像自己很特別或很重要的女人。

        小薇:好吧,這個(gè)詞的第一個(gè)釋義是褒義的, 第二個(gè)就不那么好了。在19 世紀(jì),他們還用過另一個(gè)詞來形容女主唱:首席女主角(第一女伶)。隨著時(shí)間的推移,首席女主角也成為任何一個(gè)要求過分或苛刻、脾氣暴躁的人的代名詞。

        小瓊:現(xiàn)在的娛樂世界如此多樣化,該展覽記錄了從歌劇到戲劇舞臺(tái)、從無聲電影到有聲電影, 一直到流行音樂界的首席女星們。

        小薇:我腦子里浮現(xiàn)出20 世紀(jì)的歌劇天后們。我猜瑪麗亞·卡拉斯、瓊·薩瑟蘭和杰西·諾曼的排名最高——她們都是女高音!

        小瓊:事實(shí)上,她們都各具特色,但展覽中最具現(xiàn)代感的歌劇“天后”是喬伊斯·迪多納托。她錄制了《天后天王》和《戲劇皇后》等獲獎(jiǎng)唱片。因?yàn)槲沂撬姆劢z,所以我不會(huì)對(duì)她有任何負(fù)面的看法。還有一點(diǎn)與眾不同的是:迪多納托是一位女中音。

        小薇:這次展覽中的天后名單中,還有包括瑪麗蓮·夢露、朱迪·加蘭德、伊麗莎白·泰勒等在內(nèi)的電影明星。有趣的是,在流行天后中,投影在門廳天花板上的是已故的蒂娜·特納。這些女性都知道如何塑造自己的聲譽(yù),規(guī)劃自己的職業(yè)軌跡。

        小瓊:我相信在21 世紀(jì)的今天,“天后”這個(gè)詞應(yīng)該是一個(gè)積極向上的詞語。女性不僅能撐起半邊天, 她們還完全有權(quán)決定如何塑造自己的公眾形象。

        Joan: I just returned from London where I visited aspecial exhibition at the Victoria amp; Albert Museumentitled “DIVA”! There were so many gorgeouscostumes, photos, programs and posters to enjoy.The exhibition ends in April 2024, so in case you’re inLondon, do book a visit! You get to wear headphonesand listen to the recorded performances of these divas!

        Valery: Perhaps it’s best to start with the origin of theterm. Diva is Latin for “goddess.” The word becamewidely used in Italy during the heyday of bel cantoopera, when female lead singers (mostly sopranos)won the public’s adoration. Italian opera fans startedto refer to their stars as “divas.”

        Joan: I just searched the Cambridge Dictionary, anddiva now has two definitions: 1) a very successfuland famous female singer or actor; 2) a woman whobehaves as if she is very special or important.Valery: Well, the first definition is positive, thesecond not so much. In the 19th century, they alsoused another term for a lead female singer: primadonna (first lady). Over time, prima donna alsobecame a label for anyone who is over the top,demanding and temperamental.

        Joan: Now with the entertainment world being sodiverse, the Vamp;A exhibition chronicles divas fromopera through popular theater, silent to spokenfilms, and all the way to pop music.

        Valery: I’m running through my mind of the operaticdivas of the 20thcentury. I’m guessing Maria Callas,Joan Sutherland and Jessye Norman rank highest—all sopranos!

        Joan: Indeed, they’re all featured, but the mostcontemporary operatic “diva” in the exhibition isJoyce DiDonato. She’s made such award-winningrecordings as Diva Divo and Drama Queens . Since I’ma fan, I’d never think of her negatively. Another pointthat is slightly unusual: DiDonato is a mezzo-soprano.

        Valery: I see the list of divas in this exhibition rangesfrom such film stars as Marilyn Monroe to JudyGarland and Elizabeth Taylor. Interesting that of thepop divas, the one projected on the vestibule ceilingis the late Tina Turner. These are all women whoknow how to craft their reputation, taking charge oftheir career trajectory.

        Joan: I believe “diva” should really be a positive,empowering word now in the 21st century. Womennot only hold up half the sky, they have every right todecide how they control their public image.

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