城市藍(lán)綠空間是由城市區(qū)域內(nèi)綠色空間和水體空間交織組成的整體，將其作為自然或半自然空間帶入城市環(huán)境中，是實(shí)現(xiàn)人民高品質(zhì)生活、推進(jìn)城市高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要資源。不同城市藍(lán)綠空間資源不僅源于其所在地區(qū)的地理、地貌、氣候、土壤等自然生態(tài)本底條件，更是城市長(zhǎng)期以來經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、文化傳承發(fā)展背景下的物質(zhì)空間載體。近年來，在各地的各層次空間規(guī)劃編制與建設(shè)中，探索實(shí)施了具有地方性特征的藍(lán)綠空間融合案例，出現(xiàn)了多尺度、多維度提升藍(lán)綠空間系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值，積極回應(yīng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境等各方面城市空間訴求。

人類對(duì)于藍(lán)綠空間環(huán)境效應(yīng)的認(rèn)知?dú)v程已逾百年。19世紀(jì)末，英國(guó)城市學(xué)家與社會(huì)活動(dòng)家霍華德在其“田園城市”理論中，認(rèn)為城市空間與耕地、牧場(chǎng)、森林、河流的鑲嵌模式可以有效解決城市的社會(huì)問題與環(huán)境污染問題。20世紀(jì)以來，以麥克哈格、西蒙茲等為代表的景觀與生態(tài)學(xué)家更加重視水域、綠色空間的多重價(jià)值，并將相關(guān)實(shí)踐與理論研究結(jié)合起來。直到20世紀(jì)末，“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)”概念的提出，為藍(lán)綠色空間環(huán)境效應(yīng)的研究提供了新的理論基礎(chǔ)與方法路徑，藍(lán)色、綠色空間的價(jià)值取向得到進(jìn)一步明確。

本期專題“藍(lán)綠空間與環(huán)境效應(yīng)”，目的就是探討如何通過城市藍(lán)綠空間融合，科學(xué)構(gòu)建城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，從而提高其生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值供給。專題組織了8篇研究性論文，分別是結(jié)合理論研究與本土實(shí)踐，在研究尺度上涵蓋從宏觀區(qū)域到微觀場(chǎng)地，在環(huán)境效應(yīng)上聚焦空間活力、氣候調(diào)節(jié)、生物多樣性、生態(tài)審美、低碳建設(shè)等學(xué)科核心與前沿問題等。單篇論文來看，或采用LBS大數(shù)據(jù)、田野調(diào)查、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等手段，展示了藍(lán)綠空間活力時(shí)空分布特征，揭示了影響活力的城市藍(lán)綠空間耦合特征關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)；或剖析城郊綠地冷島效應(yīng)的降溫幅度和降溫距離，并從空間格局特征和外部環(huán)境特征揭示了冷島效應(yīng)的影響因素；或研討城市微綠地生物多樣性的價(jià)值、影響因素與提升途徑，為微綠地生物多樣性提升提供科學(xué)的生境營(yíng)造與布局規(guī)劃策略；或針對(duì)城市濕地公園中濕地生態(tài)特征與游客審美體驗(yàn)間的沖突問題，以生態(tài)—審美協(xié)同為目標(biāo)，從沖突表征、協(xié)同機(jī)制及實(shí)踐對(duì)策三個(gè)層面探討城市濕地公園自然教育途徑。此外，積極推進(jìn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研融合創(chuàng)新，立足具體項(xiàng)目，結(jié)合重慶市永川科技生態(tài)城藍(lán)綠空間規(guī)劃、四川儀隴縣嘉陵江濱水空間更新、上海浦東環(huán)空鐵樞紐生態(tài)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃等實(shí)踐案例，探討低碳新城藍(lán)綠空間系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃途徑，考慮全生命周期的城市濱水空間低碳更新設(shè)計(jì)方法，以及生物多樣性保護(hù)導(dǎo)向下的環(huán)空鐵樞紐濱海藍(lán)綠空間生態(tài)響應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略。

研究城市藍(lán)綠空間融合，摸清其空間保護(hù)與營(yíng)建方法途徑，探索其城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)理論與實(shí)用技術(shù)，是出發(fā)點(diǎn)也是目標(biāo)點(diǎn)。過往學(xué)者們從“分離”的視角下，分別針對(duì)藍(lán)色、綠色空間的各類環(huán)境效應(yīng)已產(chǎn)出了豐碩的研究成果。當(dāng)前，藍(lán)綠空間作為融合的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，其產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境效應(yīng)，特別是系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值供給，正受到更多關(guān)注。未來，期待更多學(xué)科、更多視角和更多學(xué)術(shù)同仁就此領(lǐng)域展開更深入的探討。

2023年11月13日

Urban Ecosystem Services for the Integration of Blue-Green Spaces

Urban blue-green space,as a whole composed of interwoven green space and water space,Bringing it into the urban environment as a natural or semi-natural space is an important lever in realizing a high quality of life for the people and promoting the high-quality development of cities.The unique blue-green spatial resources of different cities not only originate from the natural ecological background conditions such as geography,landform,climate and soil of the regions where they are located,but also are the material space carriers in the context of the long-term development of the economic structure,social structure and cultural heritage of cities.In recent years,in the preparation and construction of spatial planning at various levels in various places,cases of blue-green space integration with local characteristics have been explored and implemented,and multi-scale and multi-dimensional enhancement of the service value of the blue-green space system has appeared,actively responding to the spatial aspirations of cities in various aspects,such as the economy,society and the environment.

It has been more than a hundred years since human beings recognized the environmental effect of blue-green space.In the late 19th century,British urbanist and social activist Howard,in his theory of “idyllic city”,believed that the mosaic pattern of urban space with cultivated land,pasture,forests,and rivers could effectively solve the social problems and environmental pollution in cities.Since the 20th century,landscape and ecological scientists such as McHarg and Symonds have paid more attention to the multiple values of water and green space,and combined the relevant practical and theoretical research.Until the end of the 20th century,with the introduction of the concept of “ecosystem services”,which provides a new theoretical basis and methodological path for the study of the environmental effects of blue and green space,the value orientation of blue-green space has been further clarified.

The topic of this issue,“Blue-Green Space and Environmental Effects”,is to explore how to scientifically construct urban ecosystems through the integration of urban blue-green space,so as to improve the ecological service supply.Therefore,8 research papers are organized,which combine theoretical research and local practice,cover from macro-region to micro-site in terms of research scale,and focus on biodiversity,climate regulation,ecological aesthetics,spatial vitality,low-carbon construction and other disciplinary core and cutting-edge issues in terms of environmental effects.By using LBS big data,field surveys,statistical analysis,and other means,the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of blue-green spatial vitality were displayed,revealing key indicators of urban blue-green spatial coupling characteristics that affect vitality; The cooling amplitude and distance of the cold island effect in suburban green areas were analyzed,and the influencing factors of the cold island effect from the characteristics of spatial pattern and external environment were revealed; The value,influencing factors and ways to enhance the biodiversity of urban micro-greenland were discussed,and scientific habitat creation and layout planning strategies were provided for the enhancement of biodiversity in micro-greenland; The conflict between ecological features of wetland and tourists’ aesthetic experience in urban wetland parks was discussed with the goal of ecological-aesthetic synergy,and the three dimensions of the conflict characterization,the synergy mechanism and the practice were discussed; In addition,based on specific practice projects,the integration of industry,academia and research innovation are actively promoted.This topic combined the blue-green space planning of Yongchuan Science and Technology Eco-city in Chongqing Municipality,the renewal of the Jialing River waterfront space in Yilong County of Sichuan Province,and the eco-strategic planning of the Pudong Ring Air-railway Hub of Shanghai,to explore the systematic planning paths of bluegreen space for low carbon new towns,the design method of low-carbon renewal of urban waterfront space considering the whole life cycle,and the ecological response strategy of coastal blue-green space in the air-rail hub under the guidance of biodiversity conservation.

It is the starting point and target point to study the integration of urban blue and green space,find out the ways of space protection and construction,and explore the theory and practical technology of urban ecosystem services.In the past,scholars have produced fruitful research results on the environmental effects of blue and green spaces from the perspective of “separation”.Currently,as an integrated ecosystem,the environmental effects of blue-green spaces,especially the supply of system service value,are receiving more attention.In the future,it is expected that more disciplines,more perspectives and more academic colleagues will carry out more indepth discussions in this field.

November 13th,2023