王露瑤　代利剛

摘 要： 歷史的普遍性與特殊性關(guān)系問題是馬克思?xì)v史辯證法的熱點(diǎn)問題，學(xué)界以實(shí)踐本體論為基礎(chǔ)所持有一個(gè)基本共識(shí)是，具體情境中的特殊性孕育著普遍性。莫伊舍·普殊同（以下簡(jiǎn)稱“普殊同”）獨(dú)創(chuàng)性地從關(guān)系本體論出發(fā)，批判了傳統(tǒng)馬克思主義基于實(shí)踐情境的準(zhǔn)自然主義社會(huì)本體論，提出要以抽象勞動(dòng)為中介來論證資本主義社會(huì)關(guān)系的歷史特殊性，進(jìn)而闡明了資本主義是一種黑格爾意義上的獨(dú)特統(tǒng)治體系。然而，普殊同用關(guān)系本體論來解決普遍性與特殊性的關(guān)系問題還有深究的余地，馬克思?xì)v史的普遍性與特殊性思想之本質(zhì)在于將人類社會(huì)形態(tài)的演進(jìn)看作一個(gè)系統(tǒng)整體，從作為人類基本實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的生產(chǎn)性勞動(dòng)出發(fā)，抽象概括出以生產(chǎn)關(guān)系為核心的各種關(guān)系性規(guī)定，并以唯物史觀為方法論基礎(chǔ)、以政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)批判為具體研究路徑，真正揭示歷史辯證法的本體論基礎(chǔ)是實(shí)踐性與關(guān)系性的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。

關(guān)鍵詞： 馬克思；歷史辯證法；政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)批判；普殊同；歷史的特殊性

中圖分類號(hào)： B03 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼： A 文章編號(hào)： 1673-3851（2023） 02-0087-09

Historical universality and particularity： A new interpretation of Marx′s historical dialectics based on Postone′s social critical theory

WANG? Luyao， DAI? Ligang

（School of Marxism， Jiangnan University， Wuxi 214122， China）

Abstract： ?The relationship between historical universality and particularity is a hot issue in Marx′s historical dialectics. The academic community holds a basic consensus based on practical ontology that particularity in specific situations breeds universality. Starting from the relational ontology， Moishe Postone creatively criticized the quasi-naturalistic social ontology of traditional Marxism based on practical situations， proposed to use abstract labor as an intermediary to demonstrate the historical particularity of capitalist social relations， and then clarified that capital doctrine is a unique system of governance in the Hegelian sense. However， there is still room for further study about Postone′s using relational ontology to solve the problem of the relationship between universality and particularity. The essence of Marx′s historical universality and particularity thought is to regard the evolution of human social form as a system as a whole. Starting from the productive labor of basic human practical activities， the paper abstractly summarizes various relational regulations with production relations as the core， and takes historical materialism as the methodological basis and political economy criticism as the specific research path， truly