激活·素養(yǎng)解讀

實(shí)踐·讀寫整合

Xiazhi： The longest day

夏至：最長(zhǎng)的一天

廣東 張燕

In many countries of the world， there is a day that is celebrated， without prior agree?ment， considered special by people who observe the movement of the sun. Chinese peopleattach equal importance to this day， namely the Summer Solstice， or Xiazhi in Chinese，which falls on Wednesday this year， is the tenth of the traditional Twenty?four Solar Terms.

In the Northern Hemisphere（北半球）， the Summer Solstice occurs when the sun isdirectly over the Tropic of Cancer（北回歸線）. It is the longest day of the year in terms ofdaylight. After the solstice， the subsolar point begins its migration south， and daytime grad?ually shrinks.

In Dengfeng city， central Chinas Henan Province， one ancient structure tells the storyof the observation of the sun by ancient Chinese. According to historical documents， Ji?Dan， the Duke of Zhou， a famous politician of the Western Zhou Dynasty， established a sun?dial platform（日晷臺(tái)）in Dengfeng， which at the time was considered to be the center ofthe earth， to observe the movement of the sun.

The platform is a guibiao， an ancient Chinese sundial with a gui， a horizontal scale onthe ground extending to the north， and a biao， a perpendicular（垂直的）bar standing up?right. As the sun moves， the shadow of the biao is cast on the gui， and the length of theshadow at different times helps to trace variations of the suns movement.

“It is said that the ancient Chinese found a day when the shortest shadow cast wasabout 50 centimeters， and that was the start of the hottest period of summer. That is how theSummer Solstice was discovered，”says Lyu， who is also director of the office of Dengfengchronicles.

Due to such history， people in Dengfeng highlight the Summer Solstice and celebrateits arrival with a festival featuring various activities， including paying tribute to Ji， watchingthe shadow cast by the sun on the guibiao， and art performances. Since the Summer Sol?stice is often a time when people harvest wheat， its a tradition to eat noodles. The SummerSolstice Festival in Dengfeng also includes an activity whereby nearly a thousand peopleeat noodles together.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ. Text?centered chunks

attach equal importance to 同等重視

in terms of 依據(jù)；在……方面

be considered to be 被認(rèn)為是

extend to 延伸至；擴(kuò)至

be cast on 被投射在……

pay tribute to 稱贊；歌頌

Ⅱ. Text?centered sentences

1. that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

In many countries of the world， there is a day that is celebrated， without prior agree?ment， considered special by people who observe the movement of the sun. 在世界上的許多國(guó)家，人們?cè)跊](méi)有事先商定的情況下慶祝一下節(jié)日，觀察太陽(yáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人視這個(gè)節(jié)日為特殊的日子。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句中，that is celebrated為定語(yǔ)從句，其中關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代先行詞a day。

【運(yùn)用遷移】曾經(jīng)只生長(zhǎng)在中國(guó)的許多花卉如今能在世界各處看到。

____________________________

2. when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

Since the Summer Solstice is often a time when people harvest wheat， its a tradition toeat noodles. 因?yàn)橄闹镣ǔＪ侨藗兪斋@小麥的時(shí)候，所以吃面條是一種傳統(tǒng)。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句中，when people harvest wheat意為“當(dāng)人們收獲小麥的時(shí)候”，是由when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其中when在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

【運(yùn)用遷移】作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是渴望他能夠獨(dú)立的時(shí)候。

_______________________

3. it用作形式主語(yǔ)

It is said that the ancient Chinese found a day when the shortest shadow cast wasabout 50 centimeters， and that was the start of the hottest period of summer. 據(jù)說(shuō)，古代中國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)有一天的影子最短約為50厘米，而那就是夏天最熱時(shí)期的開始。

【點(diǎn)石成金】本句中，It is said that是形式主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，其中It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是第一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的從句。It放在句首可以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子平衡。

【運(yùn)用遷移】那時(shí)大家都相信中國(guó)將會(huì)步入世界強(qiáng)國(guó)之列。

__________________________

Activity B Reading for writing

假定你是李華，你的網(wǎng)友Jack來(lái)信詢問(wèn)有關(guān)中國(guó)二十四節(jié)氣的內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示，給他回一封電子郵件。

1. 你喜歡的一個(gè)節(jié)氣；

2. 節(jié)氣的具體介紹。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 至少需要使用定語(yǔ)從句或it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)；

4. 注意段落內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系。

Dear Jack，

I'm glad that you are interested in the traditional Chinese Twenty?four Solar Terms.__________________

Yours，

Li Hua

寫作導(dǎo)引

本次的寫作任務(wù)是寫一封關(guān)于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣的介紹信，要求學(xué)生向外國(guó)朋友介紹二十四節(jié)氣中自己喜歡的一個(gè)節(jié)氣，讓朋友了解該節(jié)氣的時(shí)間、起源、活動(dòng)以及意義等，并且需要使用定語(yǔ)從句或者it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。這些寫作要求和所給語(yǔ)篇的主題語(yǔ)境是緊密相關(guān)的。我們可以通過(guò)整合同主題閱讀材料的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言，梳理寫作思路和積累素材。

一、語(yǔ)篇解碼

（一）主題歸納

What is the text mainly about？_______________________

（二）結(jié)構(gòu)梳理與內(nèi)容分析

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

二、素材積累

本文是基于同一主題的閱讀和寫作，我們可以通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)、模仿并運(yùn)用閱讀中的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，如詞塊和句型，積累寫作的語(yǔ)言素材。

（一）介紹中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣的核心表達(dá)

1. fall on （節(jié)日等）適逢（某日）

2. a three?day vacation 三天的假期

3. date back to/date from 追溯到

4. observe the customs 遵守風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣

5. set off fireworks 放煙花

6. put on performances 表演節(jié)目

7. visit relatives and friends 走親訪友

8. show respect for 對(duì)……表示尊敬

（二）中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣的重要活動(dòng)與意義

1. It is an ancient tradition to celebrate the coming of...by setting off fireworks. 通過(guò)燃放煙花慶祝……的到來(lái)是一種古老的傳統(tǒng)。

2. It is a day full of pleasure and laughter. 這是一個(gè)充滿歡聲笑語(yǔ)的日子。

3. On...， people have a big dinner with their family， talking and laughing. 在……，人們會(huì)和家人吃一頓豐盛的晚餐，有說(shuō)有笑。

4. People celebrate...in honor of... 人們慶?！菫榱思o(jì)念……

（三）告知介紹信的核心表達(dá)

1. I am delighted to know you are interested in... Now Im writing to tell you the detailsof... 我很高興知道你對(duì)……感興趣。現(xiàn)在我寫信告訴你……的細(xì)節(jié)。

2. Now Im writing to tell you how and why we Chinese people celebrate...現(xiàn)在我寫信告訴你我們中國(guó)人如何以及為什么慶?！?/p>

3. I am more than glad to receive your e?mail to know about... 我非常高興收到你來(lái)了解……的電子郵件。

4. I sincerely hope， if possible， that you can come to China to have a real experience ofit. 我真誠(chéng)地希望，如果可能的話，你能來(lái)中國(guó)親自體驗(yàn)一下。

5. If you have any other questions， please dont hesitate to turn to me for help. 如果你有任何其他問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)不要猶豫，向我求助。

三、寫作支架

本次的寫作任務(wù)是寫一封關(guān)于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣的介紹信，根據(jù)任務(wù)的要求，語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)可定為“告知節(jié)氣+介紹節(jié)氣具體內(nèi)容+客套性結(jié)束語(yǔ)”。文章的框架如下：

Dear ，______

I am delighted to know you are interested in ________（節(jié)氣名稱）. Now Im writing to tell you the details of this solar term.

This solar term falls on ______（時(shí)間）. There are a variety of activities held duringthe solar term. First， it is a tradition that______ . Second， people like to______ . Last，we Chinese people ______（節(jié)氣活動(dòng)）in memory of ______（節(jié)氣意義）. It is a day?full of pleasure and laughter.

I sincerely hope， if possible， that you can come to China to have a real experience ofit.

Yours，

Li Hua

四、語(yǔ)篇過(guò)手

根據(jù)以上提供的主題、主題表達(dá)和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)，寫出書信的第一、二段。第一段告知節(jié)氣，第二段介紹節(jié)氣的具體內(nèi)容，第三段以客套語(yǔ)結(jié)束正文?？傇~數(shù)控制在80左右。

同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用前文閱讀中出現(xiàn)的定語(yǔ)從句或者it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)等高級(jí)句型。尤其要注意表達(dá)的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，段落內(nèi)部是演繹關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系還是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，需要注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。