文/龐素銀

“萬(wàn)瓦鱗鱗若火龍，日車不動(dòng)汗珠融?！毙∈钸^后，一年之中氣溫最高的“三伏天”如約而至，頻繁的雷暴讓天氣既悶熱又潮濕，讓人飽受暑濕困擾。

"During Minor Heat the sunshine is like burning dragon and make you sweat buckets all the time." After Minor Heat,the "dog days",the hottest days of the year,are around the corner.Frequent thunderstorms make the weather hot and humid,people suffer from heat and dampness during the period.

懸榜求醫(yī) Posting a reward for doctor

相傳公元1141年的仲夏，金朝丞相韓企先得了一種怪病，發(fā)熱口渴，小便不暢，大便泄痢。家人遍訪名醫(yī)，病勢(shì)卻不減反增，皇帝金熙宗聞?dòng)嵟商t(yī)上門診治，也寸功未取，無奈之下只好全國(guó)懸榜求醫(yī)。

According to legend,in the midsummer of 1141,Han Qixian,the prime minister of the Jin Dynasty,got a strange disease with the symptom of fever and thirst,urination difficulties,diarrhea.His family visited famous doctors all over the nation,but the disease was not cured but aggravated.The emperor Jin Xizong sent imperial physician to diagnose the disease but it didn't work.As a result,the emperor posted a reward for the doctor to cure the illness.

當(dāng)時(shí)，僅20歲的劉完素揭榜應(yīng)診，經(jīng)望聞問切，斷為“暑濕”之證，取滑石、甘草為方，謂之六一散。韓丞相照方用藥三劑，病情就大為好轉(zhuǎn)。此后，劉完素婉辭丞相“從政”之邀，繼續(xù)潛心攻讀醫(yī)學(xué)，終成一代名醫(yī)宗師，位居金元四大家之首。

At that time,Liu Wansu,of only 20 years old,took up the gauntlet.After inspecting,listening,inquiring and palpating the patient,he diagnosed the syndrome of "summer dampness".He took the talc,licorice as prescription and called it "Liuyi Powder".Prime Minister Han took three doses of the medicine and his condition improved greatly.Since then,Liu Wansu declined the invitation of the prime minister to "enter politics" and continued to study medicine with great concentration.Eventually he became a famous medical master and was honored as the first of four great physicians of the Jin and Yuan period.

凡間仙藥 Immortal medicine in mortal world

六一散配方簡(jiǎn)單，將滑石、甘草按照6:1的比例研成細(xì)末即可。其中，滑石清熱解暑，通利水道，能使三焦?jié)駸釓男”阈钩?，為君藥；生甘草和中益氣，避免滑石傷胃，為臣藥?/p>

The formula of Liuyi Powder was simple.Talc and licorice were to be ground into fine powder according to the ratio of 6:1.Among them,talc was the monarch medicine with the effect to clear and relieve summer heat and promote diuresis from triple energizer.Raw licorice was the minister medicine with the effect of harmonizing the middle energizer,reinforcingqiand protecting the stomach from being hurt by talc.

圖1 滑石

圖2 甘草（生）

因?yàn)樗巸r(jià)低廉、療效奇佳，六一散備受明代醫(yī)學(xué)大家李時(shí)珍推崇，稱之為“凡間仙藥”。服用時(shí)可加白蜂蜜少許，以溫開水調(diào)服，腹瀉或嘔吐者則改用生姜湯，每次服用6 g～9 g，每日2～3次。

Because of its low price and excellent curative effect,Liuyi Powder was praised highly by Li Shizhen,a great physician of the Ming Dynasty,and was called "Immortal medicine in mortal world".When being taken,a little white honey can be added with warm water.In case of symptom of diarrhea or vomiting,Liuyi Powder should be taken with ginger soup instead.It have to be dosed two or three times a day and from six to nine grams each time.

改良妙用 Formula Improvement

六一散搭配不同輔藥還成就了許多夏季治療暑病的良方。如心煩明顯者，可加少許朱砂，清心解暑、靜心安神，謂之“益元散”；肝火上炎，伴有咽痛目赤、口舌生瘡者，可加少許青黛，清泄肝火，又名“碧玉散”；兼有輕微惡寒、頭痛頭脹者，可加少許鮮薄荷葉搗汁，疏風(fēng)解表，因薄荷又名雞蘇，故稱“雞蘇散”。

Many good prescriptions for summer-heat disease were derived from formula of Liuyi Powder.For symptom of anxiety,a little cinnabar could be added for clearing heart and tranquilization,which was called "Yi Yuan San".For symptom of liver-fire rise;sore;sore throat and red eye,Indigo Naturalis could be added to clear liverfire,which was called "Bi Yu Powder ".For symptom of slight aversion to cold,headache and head swelling,fresh Mentha haplocalyx leaf juice could be added to clean heat and expel wind pathogen.The Mentha haplocalyx was also called "Chinese fieldnettle" so the prescription was also called "Ji Su San".

現(xiàn)代研究證明，六一散具有利尿、抗菌、保護(hù)黏膜的功效，可廣泛用于膀胱炎、尿道炎、泌尿系結(jié)石等。此外，六一散不僅可以內(nèi)服，還能外用，夏季洗浴后以此涂擦身體，能有效防治痱子和濕疹，這就是大名鼎鼎的“痱子粉”。

Modern research has proved that Liuyi Powder has the effect of diuretic,antibacterial and mucosal protection,and can be widely used in cystitis,urethritis and urinary calculi.In addition,Liuyi Powder can not only be taken internally,but also for external use.After taking a bath in summer,it can be applied to the body,which can effectively prevent and cure prickly heat and eczema.This is the famous "Prickly heat powder".

結(jié) 語(yǔ) Conclusion

“暑病每多挾濕，濕阻于里。”六一散的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)密碼在于“解暑利濕”，藥性平和，祛暑而不留濕，利尿而不傷津，真乃治療暑病的“凡間仙藥”！

"Summer-heat disease always accompanies dampness and dampness stagnates in the body." The standard password of Liuyisan lies in "relieving heat and promoting diuresis".It is mild in nature and eliminates heat without leaving dampness and promotes diuresis without injuring body fluid.So Liuyi Powder is known as the "Immortal medicine in mortal world" for treating summer-heat diseases.