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        科技成果類說明文讀寫指南

        2022-10-21 09:12:04河南巴靈芝
        瘋狂英語·新策略 2022年10期
        關(guān)鍵詞:說明文科技成果文本

        河南 巴靈芝

        文體導讀

        科技成果類說明文是以介紹某一科技成果為主題的文章。此類文章常圍繞某一科技產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)背景、研發(fā)過程、成果應用等方面進行介紹。在表達方式上,此類文章以說明、描寫為主,以敘述、議論等表達方式為輔。

        策略導航

        1.彩繪基本要素。借助彩筆對文本中的基本要素進行標記。例如,用紅色筆標注what,用黃色筆標注who,用藍色筆標注why,用綠色筆標注how。通過標注繪出主干信息彩圖,這有助于既快又準地把握說明對象的基本信息,使說明對象快速在腦海中“成像”。

        2.利用“WPFAE”模式使文本框架直觀化,為寫作提供仿寫提綱?!癢PFAE”是科技成果類說明文的基本要素。其中W 指的是what、who、why;P 為process;F 為function;A為application;E為evaluation。

        文章結(jié)構(gòu)Introduction Body Evaluation基本要素What:引出說明對象Who:介紹發(fā)明者Why:簡述研發(fā)背景Process:敘述研發(fā)過程Function:介紹產(chǎn)品功能Application:說明產(chǎn)品的應用評價成果的實用價值、應用前景等

        素材導背

        science fair 科技展

        innovation 創(chuàng)新

        hard-working 工作努力的

        independently 獨立自主地

        teamwork 團隊合作

        cooperative 配合的;合作的

        ambitious 志向遠大的

        commitment 投入

        creativity 創(chuàng)造力

        knowledgeable 博學的;有豐富知識的

        adventurous 愛冒險的;大膽開拓的

        inspire 鼓勵;賦予靈感

        pay off 付清;取得成功

        spare no effort 不遺余力

        a sense of achievement 成就感

        persistent 執(zhí)著的;堅持不懈的

        live up to one's expectations 不辜負某人的期望

        be keen on 熱衷于;渴望

        passionate 酷愛的;熱愛的

        take charge of 接管;負責

        take the lead 處于領(lǐng)先地位

        courageous 勇敢的

        challenging 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的

        rewarding 有益的

        realize one's dream 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想

        fulfil one's potential 發(fā)揮某人的潛力

        exchange ideas 交換思想;交流看法

        supportive 支持的;提供幫助的

        cheerful 高興的;快樂的

        impressive 令人敬佩的;令人難忘的

        striking 引人注目的;顯著的

        be recognized as 被公認為

        案例導練

        An amazing invention

        Sala de Medeiros, an engineer at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and her colleagues found a way to turn an ordinary sheet of paper into a simple electronic keypad.Many teams around the world are working on paper-based electronics.But this new device is the first to power itself and also repel water and dust.

        No single moment inspired her paper keypad, Sala de Medeiros said. Instead, she focused on devices other engineers have been working on. Then she asked herself,“What are the gaps? What can I overcome?”High cost was a problem with some flexible electronics. So she decided to work with low-cost materials. That would make it easier to eventually turn her idea into something most people could afford. She also recalls wanting something that felt like regular paper, but wouldn't easily get wet or dirty.“It also should fit in your pocket,”she said.

        Teflon is a chemical coating that keeps food from sticking to pots and pans. Similar compounds can also make paper waterproof. So she started testing some of these so-called perfluorinated (全氟化的) chemicals. Strangely, the one that was supposed to do the best job didn't work at all. When she sprayed paper with it, water still soaked through. What went wrong?After some research,Sala de Medeiros found out that this chemical reacts with air. She had to buy more of the chemical and special equipment that would let her use it without any annoying air getting in the way. Now, the chemical works as planned. After getting sprayed, paper still feels like paper. But water beads up on its surface instead of soaking it through.

        The next step was to add an electronic circuit. The team placed a stencil (模板) with the shape of a circuit onto the back of the paper. Then they sprayed several layers of materials on it.Two layers contained tiny nickel particles (鎳微粒).These act like wires to carry electricity through the circuit. The final layer was another coating of the Teflonlike chemical.Finally,the team flipped the paper over and printed a keypad of numbers on the other side. They also added a tiny Bluetooth chip. This let their paper device talk to a computer. The circuit needs a source of electricity. That comes from the tap of a finger.“When you're typing,we can use the energy,”said Sala de Medeiros.

        Ⅰ. 閱讀自測

        (一)信息提取

        Structure What Who Why Information A(1) paper keypad(2)To fill the gap:(3)Step 1:(4)Process Step 2:(5)Step 3:(6)Step 4:(7)Function Evaluation(8)(9)

        (二)能力提升

        Ⅱ. 語言汲取

        (一)科技成果介紹必備詞匯

        1.產(chǎn)品介紹

        device 設(shè)備

        keypad 輔助鍵盤

        electronic 電子的

        coating 涂層

        flexible 靈活的

        circuit 電路;線路

        power 驅(qū)動

        repel 驅(qū)逐

        2.研發(fā)背景

        low-cost 成本低的;價格便宜的

        afford 買得起

        focus on 關(guān)注;聚焦

        eventually 最后;終于

        turn...into...把……變成……

        gap 空白;缺口;差距

        material 材料

        regular 常規(guī)的

        3.研發(fā)過程

        work on 從事

        stick to 堅持;粘住

        chemical 化學的;化學制品

        spray 噴灑

        soak 浸泡

        react 與……產(chǎn)生反應

        get in the way 擋住去路;妨礙

        as planned 按照計劃

        layer 層

        flip(使)快速翻轉(zhuǎn)

        tap 輕拍;輕敲

        add...to...把……加入……

        surface 表面

        (二)精彩表達

        1.Sala de Medeiros,an engineer at Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana,and her colleagues found a way to turn an ordinary sheet of paper into a simple electronic keypad. 印第安納州西拉法葉城普渡大學的工程師Sala de Medeiros,和她的同事們找到一個把普通紙張變成簡易電子鍵盤的方法。

        本句中,an engineer at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana 是同位語,to turn an ordinary sheet of paper into a simple electronic keypad 是way 的定語。

        2. That would make it easier to eventually turn her idea into something most people could afford.這使得最終把大部分人都能買得起的東西這一想法更容易實現(xiàn)了。

        本句使用了“make+形式賓語(it)+賓語補足語(easier)+真正的賓語(to turn...could afford)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

        3. Strangely, the one that was supposed to do the best job didn't work at all. 奇怪的是,本來應該很好用的東西卻沒有一點用了。

        本句中,Strangely 是修飾主句的狀語,表達說話者的觀點態(tài)度;that was supposed to do the best job是定語從句;at all與not連用可加強語氣。

        Ⅲ.句式仿寫

        1.張磊,我們科技隊的隊長,找到了一個可以使黑板擦智能化的新方法。

        Zhang Lei, _______________,found a new way _____________________.

        2.這個新方法將使得多數(shù)學生們覺得閱讀難度較大的文章變得相對容易。

        The new approach will ____________________articles most students find difficult.

        3.奇怪的是,本來整整齊齊地擺放在桌上的書現(xiàn)在全都不見了。

        ________,the books ___________________disappeared ________.

        Ⅳ.寫作實踐

        近日,你校舉辦了“我愛發(fā)明”科技成果展,李華帶領(lǐng)的團隊發(fā)明的智能黑板擦榮獲一等獎。請你寫一篇相關(guān)報道向英語報社投稿,內(nèi)容包括:

        1.簡要介紹他們的發(fā)明及其創(chuàng)作過程;

        2.你對該發(fā)明的看法。

        注意:

        1.詞數(shù)80左右;

        2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫;

        3.至少需要使用兩個本文中解析過的句式。

        Traditional eraser becomes smart

        ____________________________

        ____________________________

        ____________________________

        ____________________________

        ____________________________

        ____________________________

        ____________________________

        評價導思

        A self-assessment checklist for my reading 1.閱讀本文前,我認真了解了科技成果類說明文的文體知識?!鮕es □No 2.在閱讀過程中,我會借助彩色筆對該類說明文的基本要素做標注?!鮕es □No 3.在閱讀過程中,我會應用“WPFAE”模式快速梳理文章?!鮕es □No 4.這篇文章中我最喜歡的部分是 。□3W □Process □Function □Application □Evaluation 5.讀完這篇文章后,我對如何進行科技成果類說明文的閱讀和寫作有了較清楚的了解?!鮕es □No 6.本次讀寫活動后,我會主動了解發(fā)明家的創(chuàng)造發(fā)現(xiàn)并向他們學習解決問題的實干精神和創(chuàng)新意識?!鮕es □No 7.為了高效閱讀更多類似的文本,我需要 ?!跫颖杜?□持之以恒 □堅持目標 □形成高效的讀寫策略

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