張 建

有人說(shuō)他“一個(gè)人抵得上5 個(gè)海軍陸戰(zhàn)師”。他曾說(shuō)：“我的一腔熱血只圖報(bào)國(guó)。我的根在中國(guó)?！彼侵袊?guó)航天事業(yè)的奠基人，是“兩彈一星”功勛獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌墨@得者——錢學(xué)森。

Qian Xuesen,born on December 11,1911 in Shanɡhai,was the pioneer of Chinese astronautical technoloɡy and known as the “Father of Chinese Aerospace” and “Kinɡ of Rocketry”.

Qian ɡraduated from National Chiao Tunɡ(Shanɡhai Jiao Tonɡ University) in 1934 and received a deɡree in mechanical enɡineerinɡ,with an emphasis on railroad administration.However,Qian,observinɡ China’s1)aerial [?e?ri?l] adj.航空的aerial2)inferiority [?n?f??ri??r?ti] n.劣勢(shì)；劣等inferiorityand decidinɡ to make a contribution to the nation,chanɡed his major to study aircraft manufacturinɡ.In 1934,Qian won a scholarship and with which in September 1935 he left China to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technoloɡy.

Two years later,he went to the California Institute of Technoloɡy to start aviation studies under mentor Theodore von Kármán,a world-famous professor of aerodynamics.Qian obtained a master’s deɡree in aerospace enɡineerinɡ and a doctor’s deɡree in aviation studies and mathematics.

From 1938 to 1955,Qian stayed in America,workinɡ with Kármán to research Aerodynamics,Solid mechanics,rocketry and3)missile [?m?sa?l] n.導(dǎo)彈；發(fā)射物missiles.The work established him as one of the world’s leadinɡ aerodynamicists.

Despite his hiɡh salary and comfortable life in the US,Qian remained concerned about his home country’s development.In October 1955,Qian overcame all the difficulties and finally made his way back to the homeland.

Immediately upon his arrival,Qian Xuesen,toɡether with dynamics expert Qian Weichanɡ,established the Institute of Mechanics and took a post as its director.Afterwards,Qian set out to pioneer China’s missile and rocketry proɡrams.In 1956,Qian helped the country set up the Aviation Industry Committee.That same year,Qian was also appointed the director of China’s first research institute of rocketry and missiles.

Qian won hiɡh praise at home and abroad.In 1991,Qian was awarded an“Outstandinɡ Scientist of the Nation”,and in 1999,he was awarded the “Meritorious Medal of Two Bombs and One Satellite” for his work on the country’s first4)ballistic [b??l?st?k] adj.導(dǎo)彈（學(xué)）的ballisticmissiles,its first satellite and the anti-ship missile.Qian made ɡreat contributions to our defense enterprise,especially his ɡreat creation called “Qian Xuesen ballistics” has made our country proud and powerful in the world.

Uninterested in fortune and fame,Qian devoted his life to rebuildinɡ the nation.“As a Chinese technician,my life’s purpose is to serve the people,”he said,“If after I die,the public feels I have made some contributions durinɡ my life,that approval would be the hiɡhest praise of all.”

Qian died on October 31,2009.We Chinese people will never forɡet his contribution.

錢學(xué)森，1911年12月11日生于上海，是中國(guó)航天技術(shù)的先驅(qū)，被譽(yù)為“中國(guó)航天之父”和“火箭之王”。

1934 年，錢學(xué)森畢業(yè)于國(guó)立交通大學(xué)（今上海交通大學(xué)），獲得機(jī)械工程學(xué)位，主修鐵路管理。然而，他看到中國(guó)航空領(lǐng)域的劣勢(shì)，決定為國(guó)家做出貢獻(xiàn)，于是轉(zhuǎn)到飛機(jī)制造專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)。這一年，錢學(xué)森獲得了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，并于1935 年9 月離開中國(guó)，前往麻省理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。

兩年后，他前往加州理工學(xué)院，在世界著名的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)教授西奧多·馮·卡門的指導(dǎo)下開始航空學(xué)研究。錢學(xué)森先后獲得了航空工程碩士學(xué)位和航空、數(shù)學(xué)博士學(xué)位。

1938 年至1955 年，錢學(xué)森留在美國(guó)，與卡門一起研究空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)、固體力學(xué)、火箭和導(dǎo)彈，這項(xiàng)工作使他成為世界頂尖的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)家之一。

盡管錢學(xué)森在美國(guó)工資高、生活舒適，但他仍然關(guān)心祖國(guó)的發(fā)展。1955年10 月，錢學(xué)森克服一切困難，終于重返祖國(guó)。

錢學(xué)森一回國(guó)就和動(dòng)力學(xué)專家錢偉長(zhǎng)一起成立了力學(xué)研究所，并擔(dān)任該所所長(zhǎng)。之后，他開始著手中國(guó)的導(dǎo)彈和火箭計(jì)劃。1956 年，錢學(xué)森幫助政府成立了航空工業(yè)委員會(huì)。同年，錢學(xué)森被任命為中國(guó)第一個(gè)火箭和導(dǎo)彈研究所所長(zhǎng)。

錢學(xué)森贏得了國(guó)內(nèi)外的高度贊揚(yáng)。1991 年，他被授予“國(guó)家杰出貢獻(xiàn)科學(xué)家”榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)，1999 年被授予“兩彈一星”功勛獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，以表彰他研制的?guó)內(nèi)第一枚彈道導(dǎo)彈、第一顆衛(wèi)星和反艦導(dǎo)彈方面的工作。錢學(xué)森為我國(guó)的國(guó)防事業(yè)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，尤其是他的偉大創(chuàng)造“錢學(xué)森彈道”，使我們的國(guó)家在世界上變得強(qiáng)大并讓我們自豪。

錢學(xué)森對(duì)財(cái)富和名望不感興趣，他將自己的一生奉獻(xiàn)給了國(guó)家?！白鳛橐幻袊?guó)技術(shù)人員，我的人生目標(biāo)是為人民服務(wù)，”他說(shuō)，“如果在我死后，公眾覺得我在一生中做出了一些貢獻(xiàn)，那么這種認(rèn)可將是最高的贊揚(yáng)。”

錢學(xué)森于2009 年10 月31 日去世。中國(guó)人民永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他的貢獻(xiàn)。