林上軍

倘徉在舟山岱山島東沙古鎮(zhèn)古街上，循著古漁鎮(zhèn)清悠的石板路，兩邊的街鋪小吃，讓人聯(lián)想起兒時(shí)的記憶。

不知不覺(jué)，一座掛有“中國(guó)海洋漁業(yè)博物館”匾額的老式民宅赫然展現(xiàn)于眼前。穿過(guò)廳堂，整潔的院落放置著原汁原味的漁業(yè)工具：粗大的漁網(wǎng)纜繩、牽拉網(wǎng)具的伏地虎、用于敲打桐油石灰的石錘。

古色古香的展館內(nèi)，栩栩如生的海洋生物標(biāo)本琳瑯滿目，難得一見(jiàn)的大馬鮫魚(yú)、皇帶魚(yú)、海豹、翻車魚(yú)、中華鱘、海龜?shù)龋€有大型海獸骨骼如須鯨下額骨、鯨魚(yú)頭蓋骨、鯊魚(yú)脊椎骨，以及貝類、藻類、珊瑚標(biāo)本等。移步展廳，一艘艘木帆大捕船、機(jī)帆船、燈光圍網(wǎng)船的模型撲面而來(lái)，漁家生活用品、民俗場(chǎng)景、漁民服飾展示，又令人感覺(jué)仿佛步入曾經(jīng)的海島漁村。

中國(guó)海洋漁業(yè)博物館，已經(jīng)成為古鎮(zhèn)一個(gè)主要旅游景點(diǎn)。2004年，當(dāng)?shù)卣靡蛔駠?guó)時(shí)期的四合院民居改建成了這座博物館。館內(nèi)展品有1600余件，展品類別有魚(yú)類貝類標(biāo)本、漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)用工具、漁船儀器、漁民服飾等，物件配以文字、圖片說(shuō)明，整個(gè)陳列既是一部海洋文化演變史，更是一部鮮活的海洋漁業(yè)發(fā)展史。博物館產(chǎn)品除個(gè)別外，絕大多數(shù)均由一個(gè)地地道道的漁民趙行法個(gè)人收藏積累而來(lái)，現(xiàn)與岱山縣政府合作運(yùn)行，供游客免費(fèi)參觀。

近幾年，漁博館年均接待游客量近10萬(wàn)人次。作為博物館創(chuàng)辦人，舟山市岱山縣高亭鎮(zhèn)閘口一村老漁民趙行法50年來(lái)靠“撿”，硬是“撿”出了一個(gè)漁業(yè)博物館。

趙行法年逾花甲，出生于一戶貧困的漁民家庭，他12歲那年，作為家里主要?jiǎng)诹Φ母赣H在海上作業(yè)時(shí)落海身亡，家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況雪上加霜，當(dāng)時(shí)窮得連給早年去世的奶奶入葬的錢都沒(méi)有。趙行法14歲輟學(xué)，與母親拉手拉車搬運(yùn)水泥、紅磚，從東沙泥峙至高亭，每天2車，有時(shí)3車，每天勞動(dòng)時(shí)間達(dá)11小時(shí)至18小時(shí)，其中艱辛難以用文字表述。他17歲時(shí)，春節(jié)后便下海捕魚(yú)，在漁船上做了兩年多“火漿囝”（漁船上炊事員），因表現(xiàn)突出，他被提升為船上大管輪（輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)助手）。

隨著漁船設(shè)備的持續(xù)更新，漁業(yè)資源的不斷變化，小學(xué)畢業(yè)的趙行法感覺(jué)到，與漁有關(guān)的設(shè)備投入大、淘汰快，如果不及時(shí)收藏保留，下一代人就無(wú)法知曉無(wú)法了解，漁文化就會(huì)斷層，東海漁場(chǎng)、中國(guó)漁業(yè)、舟山漁村的積淀就無(wú)從談起。于是，他在艱辛的勞作之余做起了有心人。

在博物館二樓，他指著一木舵跟筆者說(shuō)，這種木舵原先只有木帆船才有，后延用到木質(zhì)機(jī)帆船。20多年前，他在岱山縣高亭鎮(zhèn)某漁船老大遺棄的漁業(yè)村角落看到一扇完整的木舵，覺(jué)得應(yīng)該收藏，于是拿出300元錢，托木舵主人的哥哥轉(zhuǎn)買下來(lái)收藏。想不到數(shù)月后，木舵不見(jiàn)了，估計(jì)是被原主人“偷去”了。他設(shè)法尋找后發(fā)現(xiàn)，果真是被這位小心眼的原主人“偷”了回去，原主人認(rèn)為，該木舵一旦被作為文物收藏，是要讓趙行法發(fā)財(cái)?shù)摹榱吮苊獠槐匾拿芗せ?，他沒(méi)有與該木舵原主人爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，但下決心要收藏該物件。于是他在舟山市內(nèi)漁區(qū)四處打聽(tīng)，哪里還有這類物品。近一年后，有人終于向他提供信息，說(shuō)嵊泗綠華島有這類物件。他馬上托人用小船裝過(guò)來(lái)，買價(jià)300元，運(yùn)費(fèi)600多元。而當(dāng)時(shí)他一年的收入才數(shù)千元。

“這條大馬鮫魚(yú)是花費(fèi)3000多元買來(lái)的?！彼钢L(zhǎng)2.50米、重達(dá)125公斤的一條栩栩如生的馬鮫魚(yú)標(biāo)本回憶道 ：2004年年初，縣政府正在動(dòng)員趙行法將原先陳列館“海曙樓”展藏的漁業(yè)文化系列整體搬遷到東沙古漁鎮(zhèn)，創(chuàng)建“中國(guó)海洋漁業(yè)博物館”。他從《舟山晚報(bào)》看到，普陀沈家門魯美魚(yú)粉廠收購(gòu)了一條75公斤重的馬鮫魚(yú)。他迅速通過(guò)媒體記者打聽(tīng)到這家冷庫(kù)相關(guān)人員的聯(lián)系方式。對(duì)方見(jiàn)他求魚(yú)心切，討價(jià)六七千元，他一算，僅防腐等標(biāo)本制作就要花上萬(wàn)元，于是討價(jià)還價(jià)。因?yàn)槭诸^資金緊張，一下子沒(méi)有談妥。幾天后，有人告訴他，岱山一冷庫(kù)還有比這更大的馬鮫魚(yú)，他喜出望外，果然有一條125公斤重的馬鮫魚(yú)，他決定不計(jì)代價(jià)也要買下該條巨型馬鮫魚(yú)。好在該老板沒(méi)有漫天要價(jià)，只收了3000元，但加上標(biāo)本制作等費(fèi)用，最后仍耗資上萬(wàn)元。該事件經(jīng)岱山電視臺(tái)新聞報(bào)道后，感動(dòng)了大家，縣里認(rèn)為，在“海曙樓”漁文化展藏品已決定搬遷東沙配合政府創(chuàng)建“漁博館”的時(shí)候，趙行法還自己耗資上萬(wàn)元收藏漁標(biāo)本，確實(shí)不容易。為此，安排縣委辦公室管小軍副主任專門看望趙行法，并撥付縣長(zhǎng)基金1萬(wàn)元予以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，使趙行法深受鼓勵(lì)。

“這條叉尾帶魚(yú)是中國(guó)現(xiàn)存三條樣品中的第二條，并且是最完整的。雖然個(gè)體小，但很有特色，很珍稀，難得一見(jiàn)?！彼钢~(yú)類標(biāo)本一一介紹說(shuō)，這條皇帶魚(yú)，長(zhǎng)3米，重16公斤?！爱?dāng)時(shí)我還哭過(guò)?！彼f(shuō)，由于在冷庫(kù)保存時(shí)冰凍很硬，拿出來(lái)要制作標(biāo)本時(shí)帶魚(yú)頭部?jī)蓷l長(zhǎng)須及部分頭部粉碎、脫落了，無(wú)法修復(fù)?！靶奶郯?，否則樣子還要好看?！?/p>

1995年，他在自造房屋160多平方米的家里率先建起個(gè)人藏品展覽館，名曰“海曙樓”，著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、上海文史館官員朱龍湛先生專程從上海來(lái)岱時(shí)歷時(shí)20多天為他設(shè)計(jì)布置了展館。

1997年，香港回歸祖國(guó)之年，岱山縣高亭鎮(zhèn)政府打造了一艘10來(lái)米長(zhǎng)的木質(zhì)漁船模型，以示慶賀。一年多后，有漁村干部提議把該船模送到廟宇放置。他聞?dòng)嵪蛩沃业梨?zhèn)長(zhǎng)要求由“海曙樓”收藏并獲得同意，后用專門制作的近2米長(zhǎng)的另一艘船模進(jìn)行置換?，F(xiàn)在漁業(yè)博物館內(nèi)有多艘船模，就是他這樣一艘艘積累起來(lái)的。

在一個(gè)角落里，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)有三只木制大桶。趙行法說(shuō)，這桶是過(guò)去漁民用來(lái)放腌制后曬干的魚(yú)鲞的，現(xiàn)在民間已經(jīng)找不到了。為了其中的一只木桶，他曾連續(xù)三四年去一戶漁民家中請(qǐng)求賣給他。開(kāi)始時(shí)，這戶人家的媳婦和婆婆，相互推脫，不舍得賣。經(jīng)過(guò)幾年數(shù)次上門，婆媳倆終于答應(yīng)。另外一條漁民出海穿的龍褲，也是他連續(xù)三年上一個(gè)老漁民家用50元錢加一塊新布置換而來(lái)的。

隨著趙行法收藏名氣日響，當(dāng)?shù)匾恍O民也經(jīng)常會(huì)給他捎帶一些物件、寶貝。如漁業(yè)博物館鎮(zhèn)館之寶——幾條長(zhǎng)5米多的鯨魚(yú)顎骨，就是鄰村漁民專門從漁場(chǎng)給他裝運(yùn)回來(lái)的。

進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)初，岱山縣規(guī)劃建造十大海洋文化系列博物館。漁業(yè)博物館是落戶東沙古鎮(zhèn)的?！皾O博館”里的展品基本上就是“海曙樓”原展藏品中的涉漁物件。這意味著，他辛辛苦苦近50年積累的物件，免費(fèi)供觀眾參觀學(xué)習(xí)。他認(rèn)為這實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的收藏初心。3EE94A63-B282-4387-979C-06BC6E49070F

1986年至1992年，每年的8月中旬至12月中旬，趙行法在擔(dān)任閘口一村駐上海漁場(chǎng)辦事處負(fù)責(zé)人時(shí)，協(xié)調(diào)漁船的魚(yú)貨銷售等服務(wù)工作，結(jié)識(shí)了許多文化名人，這為他收集各類物件開(kāi)拓了文化視野。這些德高望重的科學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家等，如浙江大學(xué)原副校長(zhǎng)王啟東教授，第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)原校長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)工程院院士程天民教授，前中國(guó)駐印度大使、中國(guó)徐福研究會(huì)原會(huì)長(zhǎng)李連慶教授，全國(guó)政協(xié)常委、中國(guó)科學(xué)院資深院士楊槱教授，中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士馮士筰教授等都曾為博物館創(chuàng)建給予支持，并蒞臨指導(dǎo)。他們對(duì)趙行法弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)漁文化之舉給予了高度贊賞。

趙行法還當(dāng)了近40年村干部，從村主辦會(huì)計(jì)干起，先后擔(dān)任村委會(huì)副主任、村委會(huì)主任。在村民全力配合下，在各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的支持下，閘口村從經(jīng)濟(jì)薄弱村變?yōu)楫?dāng)?shù)厍缚蓴?shù)的富裕村。近10年時(shí)間，該村老年社員的“退休生活補(bǔ)助費(fèi)”從10年前的5000元（夫妻倆，下同）提高至目前的15000元。村級(jí)集體固定資產(chǎn)從40年前的負(fù)債到10年前的近億元，到目前的純資產(chǎn)超兩億元。他本人先后獲評(píng)岱山縣勞動(dòng)模范、全國(guó)模范人民調(diào)解員、海洋文化名人等。

村里富了，村民口袋鼓起來(lái)了，但他自己由于購(gòu)買各種涉漁老物件、魚(yú)類標(biāo)本等，目前還負(fù)債數(shù)十萬(wàn)元。盡管如此，他依然尋找一切機(jī)會(huì)繼續(xù)收集各類漁業(yè)物件。2021年，他又花費(fèi)3萬(wàn)多元，從一家收購(gòu)站淘來(lái)了制冰企業(yè)用的液壓機(jī)，從船廠買來(lái)正要被拆解的漁船柴油機(jī)等漁文化藏品充實(shí)漁博館，而這筆費(fèi)用占了他年工資收入的三分之一多。

一轉(zhuǎn)眼，中國(guó)漁業(yè)博物館已經(jīng)設(shè)立18年了，它已經(jīng)成為岱山乃至舟山最有底蘊(yùn)、最具特色的地標(biāo)之一。10多年前，一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在參觀漁業(yè)博物館后曾這樣評(píng)價(jià)：“這個(gè)博物館物件盡管都是個(gè)人收集的，但其味道及文化內(nèi)涵不遜于那些投資數(shù)千萬(wàn)元的漁業(yè)科普館?！边@個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)，是對(duì)這位老漁民幾十年如一日致力于弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)漁文化工作而不懈努力的高度肯定。

A Fishery Museum? “Picked Up” in 50 Years

By? Lin Shangjun

In the ancient town of Dongsha on the Daishan Island， Zhoushan， the snacks along the clean and leisurely flagstone roads of the ancient fishing town are reminiscent of your childhood. Here， an old-fashioned residential building is impressive with a plaque of “China Marine Fisheries Museum” on the wall. Across the hall， authentic fishing tools are displayed in the neat courtyard： thick fishing nets and cables， and stone hammers for beating tung oil lime … Inside the quaint exhibition hall， there are a wide range of lifelike marine specimens and large marine animal bones. Further into the showroom， youll find models of wooden sail fishing boats， motorsailers and light luring seine boats. In addition， fishermens daily necessities， folk scenes and fishermens garment display remind you of a former fishing village on the sea.

China Marine Fisheries Museum， reconstructed from a Republican-era courtyard dwelling by the local government in 2004， has become a major tourist attraction in the ancient town. The more than 1，600 exhibits， including fish and shellfish specimens， fishery production tools， fishing gear， fishermens clothing， are accompanied by captions and pictures. The whole display is not only a history of marine culture， but also a vivid narration of the development of marine fisheries. Except for a few exhibits， most of them are collected and accumulated by Zhao Xingfa， a genuine fisherman. Operated in cooperation with the county government and provided to the public for free， the museum has received nearly 100，000 tourists annually in recent years. Its founder Zhao Xingfa is an old fisherman from Zhakou village， Gaoting township. Over the past 50 years， he has just “picked up” a fisheries museum.3EE94A63-B282-4387-979C-06BC6E49070F

Born in a poor fishermans family， Zhao is now over 60 years old. When he was 12， his father， the bread earner in the family， died while working at sea， making the familys economic situation even worse. He couldnt afford to bury his grandmother. At the age of 14， he dropped out of school and endured untold hardships in making a living by carrying cement and red bricks on carts along with his mother. They worked 11 to 18 hours a day to finish two or three cart rounds. His fate changed at the age of 16 when he started to work on a fishing boat. Due to his outstanding performance as a cook in the next two years， he was promoted to be the second engineer （assistant to the chief engineer）.

With the continuous updating of fishing equipment and the constant change of fishery resources， Zhao， who finished only elementary school， felt that the equipment related to fishing was invested in large sums but would be sifted out quickly. Without being collected and saved in time， it would be impossible for the next generation to know and understand it and the local fishing culture wouldnt be passed down. Therefore， he decided to do something.

On the second floor of the museum， pointing to a wooden rudder， he said that this kind of wooden rudder was originally only available for wooden sailboats， but was later extended to wooden motor sailboats. The purchase price was 300 yuan （$44.85） and the transport expense was more than 600 yuan， while he earned only a few thousand yuan a year. “This big mackerel cost more than 3，000 yuan，” pointing at the 2.50-meter-long， 125 kg specimen， he recalled. In early 2004， he was overjoyed to learn about a 125-kilogram mackerel in a Daishan cold storage. He decided to buy the giant mackerel regardless of its price. Though the seller only charged 3，000 yuan， with the costs of specimen making， the final cost stood at 10，000.

“This frostfish is the second of the three samples preserved in China， and it is a complete fish. Though small， it is very unique and rare，” Zhao pointed to the fish specimens and introduced them one by one. “This oarfish is three meters long and weighs 16 kilos. The two long whiskers and part of the head of the oarfish were crushed and fell off when it was taken out of the cold storage to make a specimen， which could not be repaired. It would look better otherwise.”

In 1995， he took the lead in setting up a personal collection exhibition hall of more than 160 square meters called “Haishu Building” in his home. Mr. Zhu Longzhan， a famous economist and an official with the Shanghai Museum of Culture and History， made a special trip from Shanghai and spent more than 20 days designing and arranging the collection for him.3EE94A63-B282-4387-979C-06BC6E49070F

In 1997， to celebrate Hong Kongs return to China， the local government of Gaoting township created a 10-meter-long wooden model of a fishing boat. Someone proposed to send it to a Buddhist temple. Zhao asked the mayor of the town for permission to collect it in his Haishu Building， and exchanged it with another ship model which was nearly two meters long. Now there are many ship models in the museum.

In a corner lie three wooden barrels， used by fishermen to keep salted and sun dried fish in the past， which can no longer be found in an ordinary household now. For one of the barrels， he asked a fisherman for three to four years in a row to make the purchase. A pair of dragon trousers worn by fishermen was exchanged for 50 yuan plus a piece of new cloth after he “nagged” the owner for three consecutive years.

As Zhao became more and more famous with his collections， local fishermen often brought him something valuable. For example， the jawbones of several whales with a length of more than five meters were captured and shipped back from the fishing ground by fishermen in the neighboring village when they were trawling.

In the 21st century， Daishan county plans to build ten marine culture museums. China Marine Fisheries Museum is the earliest one located in Dongsha， based on the fishing-related exhibits in the original collection of the Haishu Building. From mid-August to mid-December in 1986 to 1992， Zhao， in charge of Shanghai Fisheries Office of Zhakou No. 1 Village， met many cultural celebrities when he coordinated fish sales， who all highly appreciated his efforts to carry forward Chinas traditional culture of fisheries. This has broadened his vision for collection.

Zhao has also been a village cadre for nearly 40 years. With the joint efforts of cadres and villagers， both the village and the villagers have become rich. However， he still owes hundreds of thousands of yuan for purchasing old fishing objects and fish specimens. Nevertheless， he continues his collection by all means. In 2021， to enrich his collections， he invested over 30，000 yuan — which is more than a third of his annual salary — on a hydraulic machine and a diesel engine taken from a fishing boat. The only thing he regretted was that some young cadres failed to pay enough attention to historical and cultural value of these relics. Zhao believes that the vitality of the museum comes from the accumulation of collections with rich historical heritage value. Some collections cannot be purchased with money.

It has been 18 years since the establishment of the China Marine Fisheries Museum and the museum has become the most profound and unique landmark in Daishan and even Zhoushan. It marks a milestone of the old fishermans dedication to the promotion of Chinas fine traditional fisheries culture in these decades.3EE94A63-B282-4387-979C-06BC6E49070F