安徽 王濤濤

四合院被認(rèn)為是中國傳統(tǒng)民居的優(yōu)秀代表，一座典型的四合院在設(shè)計(jì)和建造中體現(xiàn)了中國傳統(tǒng)建筑之美。

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1The quadrangle courtyard, the traditional dwelling of people of the Han ethnic group, has a timehonored history. A quadrangle courtyard is surrounded by houses on all four sides.The courtyard,which is spacious and well-arranged, and the houses of which are independent, yet connected by pathways—embodies the beauty of traditional Chinese architecture.

2Quadrangle courtyards, mainly situated in North China, date back more than 3,000 years.The earliest typical courtyard was found among the ruins of Fengchu Village,Qishan County, in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province. The compound, with two layers of courtyards,was built during the Western Zhou Dynasty.

3Kublai Khan,the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty,moved the dynasty's capital to Beijing in 1272, and he granted (授予) land to high officials and wealthy merchants.That resulted in the large-scale building of courtyard residences in Beijing.Hutongand quadrangle courtyards were the main architectural features in Beijing during the dynasty.

4The quadrangle courtyard is a type of secluded（隱蔽的）dwelling,seen from the outside,with the entire building enclosed by tall walls.The courtyard faces south,with the entrance gate at the southeastern corner. A small quadrangle courtyard has only one courtyard, while a large compound has two or more courtyards, depending on the wealth and social status of the household.

5The quadrangle courtyard is recognized as a masterpiece of traditional Chinese dwellings. A typical Beijing quadrangle courtyard reflects both utility and aesthetics in its design and construction. It is constructed with bricks and timber（木材）, with careful designs. The indigo bricks, grey tiles and vermilion-painted gate, the whole color creates an atmosphere of serenity and elegance. From the gables (山墻) and eaves to the pillars and panes,the structure is ingeniously designed and decorated.

6Minor parts, such as the eave edge, roof ridge, stone-gate pier, wooden window and door and floor tiles are decorated with patterns that symbolize wealth and auspiciousness.They are carved or painted with images of wildlife, characters or figures. For example, the peony stands for wealth and rank, and the bat is recognized as a blessing, due to how it is pronounced in the Chinese language.

Reading Check

Ⅰ.Choose the best answers according to the text

Ⅱ.Discussion

What other traditional dwellings of various ethnic groups do you know? And what's your understanding of the relationship between dwellings and tradition?

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Language Study

Complete the following phrases according to the text

1.被……包圍be ________by

2.中國北方 ________China

3.追溯到date ________to

4.超過more________

5.取決于 ________on

6.社會地位social________

7.被認(rèn)為是be ________as