趙浪

近五年高考英語全國卷中有以下七道題的答題信息都來自文中的直接引語：

33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？（2017年全國Ⅲ卷）

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？（2018年全國Ⅱ卷）

29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch？（2019年全國Ⅱ卷）

25. What does Hill say about Chinese women？（2019年全國Ⅲ卷）

31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan？（2020年全國Ⅱ卷）

29. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law？（2020年全國Ⅲ卷）

34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau？（2020年全國Ⅲ卷）

這七道題的考點和標志詞如下表所示：

由上表可知，若題干中含有sbs attitude towards...，就是問文中某人的態(tài)度，含有according to sb或sb say about...等的題目，就是問文中某人的觀點、看法，或推斷某人所說的隱含意思（即話中有話），能體現(xiàn)某人的觀點態(tài)度的就是該人所說的話。因此，解答這類題的關(guān)鍵是用題干中出現(xiàn)的這個人物，去文中搜索該人所講的話，即直接引語。有時，個別細節(jié)題，其答案信息也在直接引語中。

一、問某人的態(tài)度

[例1]（2020年全國Ⅲ卷）

“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”

And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint， it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it？ Yes， I think I would.”

Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him， but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2002 to 419，000 in 2013.

35. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law？

A. Positive.? ?B. Carefree.? ?C. Tolerant.? ?D. Unwilling.

解題思路：題干問的是Nick對于與岳母合住房子的態(tài)度。用Nick到文中找到與他有關(guān)的直接引語：And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint， it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it？ Yes， I think I would.”句意是，“尼克是怎么想的？‘從我的角度來看，一切都很順利。我推薦它嗎？是的，我想我會推薦（在一起居住）的。”由此可推斷出，尼克對和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項。

需要強調(diào)的是，在做這類題時，要注意題干中問的是誰的態(tài)度。同時，也需要熟練掌握表達不同態(tài)度的詞：

（1）樂觀支持類：positive（積極的）， favorable（贊同的）， supportive（支持的）， approval（贊成）

（2）客觀中立類：objective（客觀的）， neutral（中立的）

（3）消極反對類：negative（消極的）， doubtful（懷疑的）， indifferent（漠不關(guān)心的）， critical（批評的）， ironic（諷刺的）

二、問某人的看法

[例2]（2019年全國Ⅲ卷）

“China is impossible to overlook，”says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world， which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.”O(jiān)f course， not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang， Alexander Wang， Jason Wu are taking on Galiano， Albaz， Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，”adds Hill.

25. What does Hill say about Chinese women？

A. They are setting the fashion.

B. They start many fashion campaigns.

C. They admire super models.

D. They do business all over the world.

解題思路：題干問的是Hill對于中國女性的看法。由直接引語“China is impossible to overlook，”says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world， which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.”可知，中國女性不僅是時尚的消費者，她們還是時尚運動的核心，故選A項，他們正在引領(lǐng)潮流。

[例3]（2019年全國Ⅱ卷）

“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone， but together， you know？”Bechtel said， looking up from her book. Bechtel， who works in downtown West Palm Beach， has lunch with coworkers sometimes， but like many of us， too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today， I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.

29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch？

A. To meet with her coworkers.

B. To catch up with her work.

C. To have some time on her own.

D. To collect data for her report.

解題思路：題干問的是為什么Bechtel喜歡獨自外出吃飯。我們首先在文中找到Hill說的話，由直接引語“Today，I just wanted some time to myself”可知，Bechtel喜歡獨自外出吃飯因為她想擁有屬于自己的時間。故選C項。

[例4]（2018年全國Ⅱ卷）

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy， but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease（潤滑劑）for social communication， says Bernardo Carducci， director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，”he explains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others， not just communicate with them.”

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？

A. Showing good manners.

B. Relating to other people.

C. Focusing on a topic.

D. Making business deals.

解題思路：題干是問“Carducci認為，成功閑聊重要的是什么？”我們首先得找到Carducci說的話，由直接引語 “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others， not just communicate with them.”可知，“成功閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會如何與他人建立聯(lián)系，而不僅僅是與他們交流。”故選B項，與他人建立聯(lián)系。 選項中的relate to與文中的connect with為同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

[例5]（2017年全國Ⅲ卷）

These include custom-made navigation（導(dǎo)航）tools， night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains：“For many older people， particularly those living alone or in the country， driving is important for preserving their independence， giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”

33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？

A. It keeps them independent.

B. It helps them save time.

C. It builds up their strength.

D. It cures their mental illnesses.

解題思路：題干是問“Phil Blythe認為，為什么開車對老年人很重要？”我們首先得在文中找到Phil Blythe所說的話，由直接引語“For many older people， particularly those living alone or in the country， driving is important for preserving their independence...”可知，“對于許多老年人，尤其是那些獨自生活或住在鄉(xiāng)下的老年人來說，開車對保持他們的獨立性很重要……”，故選A項，開車可以讓他們保持獨立。選項keeps them independent與文中preserving their independence是同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

三、推斷隱含意義

[例6]（2020年全國Ⅱ卷）

Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think thats going to be a massive thing， at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.

31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan？

A. Its formal. B. Its risky.

C. Its harmful. ? ? ? D. Its traditional.

解題思路：題干問的是“根據(jù)Morgan的看法，關(guān)于在紐約穿皮質(zhì)衣服，我們可以推斷出什么信息？”首先在文中找到Morgan說的話，“To give people a guilt—free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think thats going to be a massive thing， at least in New York.”句意是，“為了給人們一種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣而不被人們潑油漆，我認為這將是一件巨大的事情，至少在紐約是一件巨大的事情”，由此可推出，在紐約穿皮質(zhì)衣服是有風險的。故選B項。

四、理解具體事實

[例7]（2020年全國Ⅲ卷 ）

Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers， spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，”Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”

In 2015， Melissa Ilardo， then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen， heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.“it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population，”said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.

34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau？

A. They could walk on stilts all day.

B. They had a superb way of fishing.

C. They could stay long underwater.

D. They lived on both land and water.

解題思路：題干問的是為什么 Jubilado對于Bajau感到吃驚。由文中Jubilado對于Bajau表達感受的句子“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，”Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea（我們很驚訝，他們在水下待的時間比我們當?shù)氐膷u民要長的多）”可知，讓Jubilado感到吃驚的是Bajau人能在水下待更長的時間，故選C項。

綜上所述，我們在做問某人的態(tài)度、觀點或看法等題時，就用此人作為定位詞，在文中找到該人對某事所說的話，即直接引語，據(jù)其所言，很容易確定題目的答案。

責任編輯 蔣小青