URBANUS都市實(shí)踐

業(yè)主：上海東方衛(wèi)視“夢(mèng)想改造家”欄目

主持建筑師：孟巖

項(xiàng)目建筑師：姜輕舟

項(xiàng)目組：張超賢

施工圖合作：北京世紀(jì)中天國(guó)際建筑設(shè)計(jì)有限公司，深圳中咨建筑設(shè)計(jì)有限公司

用地面積：27.9m2

建筑面積：96.4m2

建筑高度：12.7m

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2018.04-2018.07

建設(shè)時(shí)間：2018.07-2018.10

攝影：張超，URBANUS都市實(shí)踐

Client:DRAGON TV "Dream Home" TV Show

伴隨著老齡化社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，中老年患者人群在臨床中疾病的發(fā)生率也在隨之提高。冠心病心絞痛也屬于發(fā)生率比較高的疾病類(lèi)型，伴隨著老齡化社會(huì)的發(fā)展其發(fā)病率不斷提升[1]。冠心病心絞痛主要是多種原因?qū)е滦募∪毖?、缺氧，并形成系列性的癥狀，如氣促、氣短以及胸痛等，嚴(yán)重時(shí)還會(huì)影響患者的生命健康[2]。臨床中患者往往會(huì)因?yàn)榧膊〉奶弁锤?、?duì)治療的恐懼心態(tài)形成嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面情緒，導(dǎo)致對(duì)醫(yī)護(hù)服務(wù)形成抵觸。對(duì)此，為了持續(xù)提升臨床護(hù)理水平，以我院的部分患者為例，以對(duì)比分析方式探討關(guān)于冠心病心絞痛患者的臨床最佳護(hù)理服務(wù)措施，現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。

Principal Architect:MENG Yan

Project Architect:JIANG Qingzhou

Team:ZHANG Chaoxian

(LDI) Structure/MEP:Beijing Century Peak International Architecture Design Co.,Ltd.,China Building Design Consultants,Shenzhen

Site Area:27.9 m2

Floor Area:96.4 m2

Building Height:12.7 m

Design Period:2018.04-2018.07

Photos:ZHANG Chao,URBANUS

廣州海珠區(qū)的蒙圣社區(qū)，因傳說(shuō)秦朝名將蒙恬后裔在此定居而得名。項(xiàng)目所在的上蒙圣街是一條幽深的小巷，原建筑是1985 年屋主自建的3 層半磚混結(jié)構(gòu)小樓，單層建筑面積僅有22m2，四周被密集的房屋包圍。

東側(cè)緊貼臨屋外墻，北側(cè)和西側(cè)距鄰家只有90cm 和30cm，南面一條寬80cm 的幽暗窄巷是入戶的唯一通道，僅容兩人錯(cuò)身而過(guò)。房子不僅小、擠、暗、與鄰屋對(duì)視、熱工性能差，還有結(jié)構(gòu)隱患，是舊城改造中典型的疑難雜癥。

改造設(shè)計(jì)由內(nèi)及外，在極小的空間內(nèi)重新組織生活功能，用雕鏤的方法使建筑內(nèi)部上下貫通，房中有房，小中見(jiàn)大；頂層引入天光，明暗開(kāi)合有度。施工從整體結(jié)構(gòu)加固著手，拆除原樓梯，將原先陡峻的單跑梯改為舒適的折返梯，形成新的垂直流線。在每一層均設(shè)有獨(dú)立衛(wèi)生間。南北兩側(cè)外墻上特殊的采光斗將天光引入底層，墻面不同位置開(kāi)辟出一系列獨(dú)特的景窗，不僅為各層帶來(lái)極佳的自然采光，也將周邊風(fēng)景借入斗室之中。四層頂樓有一個(gè)空靈剔透的小房間和一個(gè)可以四面環(huán)顧市景的露臺(tái)，它沒(méi)有固定的功能，適于賞月、飲茶和沉思。

一個(gè)房子，不僅需要容納人的身體，還應(yīng)該容納人的精神和夢(mèng)想。整棟房子雖小，但足以承載大都會(huì)喧囂之上的一份超然物外的恬靜。正如《桃花源記》中的“初極狹，才通人”，走過(guò)只有一線天光的窄巷，又“復(fù)行數(shù)十步，豁然開(kāi)朗”，從下而上經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)從幽暗到明亮、從壓抑到釋放的過(guò)程，構(gòu)建出一個(gè)垂直的桃花源式的居住體驗(yàn)。

建筑外墻選用了褐紅色天然紋理的小片石材，顏色與周邊的老舊建筑相近，隨著時(shí)間的流逝它細(xì)碎的紋理會(huì)與環(huán)境愈加融合。改造后的建筑低調(diào)地融入社區(qū)，坐享大都會(huì)中“大隱于市”的一方精神天地。

這個(gè)僅80m2 的極小獨(dú)棟住宅是構(gòu)成廣州舊城肌理的一個(gè)微小單元，作為一個(gè)城市微更新的樣本，它對(duì)于歷史傳統(tǒng)深厚的舊城區(qū)有著特殊的人文意義，也是對(duì)大拆大建的舊城更新模式的批判和抵抗。

The Mengsheng Community in the Haizhu District of Guangzhou got its name out of the saying that the descendants of Mengtian,a legendary general of Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.-207 B.C.),resided here.The project is located on Upper-Mengsheng Street,a long and winding alleyway.The original house was a three-storey brick and concrete structure that the owner built in 1985 with a floor area of merely 22 m2on one single storey.It is closely surrounded by its neighbouring buildings.

The east side of the house brushes against the exterior wall of the adjacent house,while the north and west sides have a spacing of 90 and 30 centimetres with the neighbouring houses.The 80-centimetre-wide alley in the south,which barely allows two people to walk past each other,is the only passage that leads to the entrance.In addition to being small,compressed,dark,and inconveniently close to the neighbouring houses,the building also has poor thermal performance with potential structural hazards.These issues are always typical in the process of regeneration in old city.

The renovation plan started from the interior,aiming to reorganise the vital functions of daily life within the limited space.The operation of carving through the floor plates enables the integration of the whole building and creates interlocking living spaces.Skylights are introduced on the top floor to allow light in the building.Thus,the dark and light spaces,openings and enclosures,are manipulated to make the tiny interior feel much more spacious.The construction started with the reinforcement of the overall structure.The original steep,single-run stair was replaced by a comfortable double-flight one as a device to rearrange the vertical circulation.There is one bathroom on each floor.The customised light wells on the north and south walls bring additional skylight to the dark ground floor.Carefully designed viewing windows at various positions on the walls not only usher in natural light to each floor,but also bring outside views inside.On the top fourth floor,there is a transparent small room and a terrace that overlooks the surrounding city.It is intended to be an open space flexible for various activities such as admiring the moon,having tea or contemplating.

1 改造前外景 Exterior view before renovation

2 改造前巷道 The alley view before renovation

3 鳥(niǎo)瞰 Aerial views

4 鳥(niǎo)瞰 Aerial views

5 鳥(niǎo)瞰 Aerial views

6-9 平面 Floor plans

10 改造前的一層內(nèi)景 Interior view of ground floor before renovation

11 改造前的二層內(nèi)景 Interior view of first floor before renovation

12 首層廚房 Kitchen on ground floor

13 首層起居 室 Living room on ground floor

14 二層家庭 房 Family room on first floor

評(píng)委評(píng)語(yǔ)

這是廣州歷史街區(qū)內(nèi)一棟極小住宅的改造實(shí)踐。建筑師在極其有限的條件下，經(jīng)過(guò)創(chuàng)造性的精心設(shè)計(jì)，使這個(gè)僅80m2的極小住宅煥然一新，居住環(huán)境獲得很大提升。

改造設(shè)計(jì)從人的尺度出發(fā)，在極小的空間內(nèi)重新組織生活功能，空間貫通流動(dòng)，開(kāi)合有度，小中見(jiàn)大；白色基調(diào)與大膽的色彩運(yùn)用，賦予空間活力；創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)的采光斗將光線引入底層，各層不同位置的一系列景窗，舒適的光環(huán)境和周邊的景色，即使是身處斗室，感受也變得生動(dòng)起來(lái)。

作為一個(gè)城市微更新的樣本，對(duì)當(dāng)下防止大拆大建的城市更新是一個(gè)很好的啟示。

15 立面 Elevations

A house should not only accommodate people,but also their spirit and dreams.Though this house is tiny,it provides a unique feeling of serenity over the hustle and bustle of the metropolis.Strolling through the dark and narrow alley into the building can be a reminder of an excerpt from the Chinese literary classic,The Peach Blossom Spring,that tells a story of a fisherman’s discovery of an "arcadia" at the end of a grove of peach trees:"At first the opening was very narrow,barely wide enough for one person to go in".After walking through the alley that is illuminated by only a beam of narrowly constrained skylight,eventually "it opened into a flood of light".Here,while one ascends from the ground floor of the building to the top,he gradually emerges from darkness into brightness and his feelings would rise from repression to a sense of release.This experience is akin to that of the fisherman.Thus,the building can be seen as the reconstruction of a vertical "Peach Blossom Spring".

16 樓梯剖面（改造前后）Staircase sectional perspective (before and after renovation)

17 東西向剖透視 East-west sectional perspective

18 南北向剖透視 South-north sectional perspective

19 改造前的三層內(nèi)景 Second floor inside situations before renovation

20 三層主臥 Master bedroom on second floor

Small pieces of maroon stone with natural grains are chosen for the exterior wall of the house,since their colour matches with the surrounding old buildings.As time passes,the overall texture of the wall will enable the house to be further integrated into the surrounding environment.After renovation,the building still takes on a low-key stance in the neighbourhood,while provides a welcoming retreat for its owners in the bustling city.

This small,single-family house of merely 80 m2is a tiny cell that composes the old city fabric of Guangzhou.As an example of the city's micro-regeneration process,this project has a unique cultural ambition for the revival of the historical clusters within the city.It is also a critique of and resistance to the prevailing urban renewal model of large-scale demolition and construction.

Jury Statement

This is a renovation project of a very small house in a historical neighbourhood of Guangzhou.Under very limited conditions,the architect renovated the tiny house of only approximately 80 m2with a new look,and greatly improved the living environment through careful creative design.

The transformation plan starts from the human scale,reorganising the vital functions of daily life in the extremely small space,which allows the space to be integrated,flexible and balanced -seeing the big through the small.The white tone and bold use of colour endow the space with vitality.Moreover,the innovative lightwell introduces the day light to the ground floor,with a series of viewing windows at various positions on each floor that provide a comfortable light environment and surrounding views:even when one is in a small room the feeling becomes energetic.

As a sample of urban micro-renewal,this project serves as a good inspiration for the current urban renewal that avoids large-scale demolition and construction.□ (Translated by Dandan Wang)

21 樓梯剖面草圖 Staircase section sketch

22 首層樓梯夾層儲(chǔ)物柜 Stair mezzanine locker on ground floor

23 二層樓梯借景窗 Stair window on first floor

24 三層樓梯夾層平臺(tái) Stair mezzanine platform on second floor

25 改造前的四層內(nèi)景 Third floor interior view before renovation

26 四層閣樓 Penthouse on third floor

27 改造前的四層露臺(tái) Third floor terrace before renovation

28 四層露臺(tái) Terrace on third floor

29 四層 露臺(tái) Terrace on third floor