深圳元遠建筑科技發(fā)展有限公司，深圳市建筑設(shè)計研究總院有限公司

深圳市龍華區(qū)教科院附屬外國語學校位于城中村外圍，校園布局采用適應南方氣候與高密度的鄰里形態(tài)。順應東西走向狹長的楔形場地，校園劃分為西側(cè)的運動區(qū)域及東側(cè)的教學區(qū)域。兩棟長條形雙層教學樓沿邊線非平行布置，不僅獲得差異性的視覺樂趣，亦便于建造與管理。運動區(qū)設(shè)置有環(huán)形跑道及籃球場，并在朝向西側(cè)沿河公共步道側(cè)設(shè)有視線開口，讓校園活力能向城市滲透。同樣的，臨近城中村的北側(cè)圍墻也采用了鏤空設(shè)計，減少高起場地對城中村的壓迫感，避免遮擋底層的采光，拉近與社區(qū)的關(guān)系。

新型易建學校集成了多種被動式節(jié)能策略。首先，雙廊及架空設(shè)計回應了深圳濕熱的亞熱帶地區(qū)氣候，走廊外側(cè)懸掛遮陽板，進一步減少室內(nèi)夏季得熱及飄雨問題。墻體采用模塊化設(shè)計，整合了裝修、保溫、隔音、防火、防水和結(jié)構(gòu)等各功能層，上下分段開設(shè)通風窗與房間四角的門協(xié)同形成良好的對流換氣通路。

學校的建設(shè)探索了BIM工程信息化，設(shè)計中綜合考慮制造與建造，集成關(guān)鍵加工和施工技術(shù)，將從設(shè)計到完工的工程周期壓縮在4個半月內(nèi)，造價也節(jié)省約25%。學校所有結(jié)構(gòu)、圍護構(gòu)件都選用模塊化的預制裝配構(gòu)件，利用BIM與全數(shù)字化自動加工組織規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，從而提升品質(zhì)管控。搭建現(xiàn)場幾乎沒有焊接和濕作業(yè)，保證了施工現(xiàn)場井然有序、潔凈低噪，最大限度降低對周邊的擾動。

先進的建造技術(shù)幫助城市決策者和建設(shè)者以更多維的方式來提升土地利用效率，利用發(fā)展計劃中尚未實現(xiàn)的時間空檔改變空間的短期用途，提供靈活的城市運營可能。在滿足階段使用需求后，學?？删S持原狀不變，繼續(xù)為其他改擴建學校提供場地，也可全部拆卸用于異地重新組建新校舍。□

The Foreign Language School Affiliated to Longhua Academy of Education and Science is located outside an urban village. The campus layout adapts to the southern climate and the high-density neighbourhood. Following the eastwest narrow and wedge-shaped site, the campus is divided into a sports area on the west side and a teaching area on the east side. Two long double-storey teaching buildings are arranged non-parallel along the side lines, which not only obtains different visual pleasure, but also facilitates construction and management. The sports area is equipped with a circular track and basketball court, and a sight opening is provided on the west side of the public walkway along the river, so that the vitality of the campus can penetrate into the city. Similarly, the north side wall near the village features a hollow- -out design, in order to reduce the oppressiveness of the raised site to the village, avoid blocking the daylighting to the ground floor, and bring it closer to the community.

The new easy-to-build school integrates a variety of passive energy-saving strategies. First of all, the double corridors and the overhead design of the roof and ground floor responds to Shenzhen's hot and humid subtropical climate.Moreover, sunshades are installed on the outside of the corridor to further reduce indoor heat and raindrop problems in summer. The wall adopts a modular design, integrating various functional layers such as decoration, heat insulation, sound insulation, fire prevention, waterproofing and structure. The upper and lower sections of the wall are well equipped with ventilation windows,forming a good convection and ventilation path in cooperation with the doors at the four corners.

1 外景Exterior view

2 操場外景Exterior view from the playground

This school explores the application of BIM(Building Information Modelling) in engineering.The design comprehensively considers manufacturing and construction, and integrates key processing and construction technologies.Taking advantage of BIM, the whole process from project initiation to completion is compressed to 4 and a half months, saving 25% of the budget compared toa conventional school project. All structures and enclosure components are modular prefabricated assembly components, which used BIM and fully digital automatic processing to organize large-scale production, thereby improving quality control.There are almost no welding and wet operations on the construction site, which guarantees an orderly, clean and low-noise construction site,minimizing disturbance to the surroundings.

Advanced construction technologies help urban policymakers and developers to improve land use efficiency in more multidimensional ways, changing the short-term use of space to take advantage of time gaps in development plans, and providing flexible urban operation possibilities. After meeting the current functional requirements, the school can remain its current state and continue to provide space for extensions, and can also be reassembled into new school buildings in a different location.□

3 首層平面Ground floor plan

4 屋頂平面Rooftop plan

6 模塊化單元模型Unit model

7.8 庭院Courtyard

10 教室外走廊Hall way outside the classroom

11 連廊上的活動空間Activity space in the hall way