清華大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

延安大學(xué)新校區(qū)圖書館、博物館、校史館項(xiàng)目作為延安大學(xué)新校區(qū)的標(biāo)志性核心建筑群，選址于校園中心，連接教學(xué)生活區(qū)和城市界面，總建筑面積74,143.79m2。三館除了為校園師生提供服務(wù)外，也面向公眾開(kāi)放，實(shí)現(xiàn)了建筑的高效利用和良好的社會(huì)價(jià)值及影響力。

在延安這座歷史文化名城為一個(gè)有著深厚歷史文化積淀的大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)其新校區(qū)最重要的建筑群是一個(gè)充滿挑戰(zhàn)的課題。既要連接過(guò)去又要通向未來(lái)，既要有地域特色又要體現(xiàn)時(shí)代精神，既要讓厚重的歷史感和榮耀感在新的時(shí)空和秩序中煥發(fā)出時(shí)代魅力，又要體現(xiàn)不忘初心的人文氣息，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)是我們必須深入思考的問(wèn)題。

堅(jiān)持品格重于風(fēng)格的理念

我們堅(jiān)持品格重于風(fēng)格的理念，不“求新、求怪”，而是傳承延安大學(xué)精神內(nèi)涵和地域文化特色，校園總體文化基調(diào)、建筑風(fēng)貌和景觀環(huán)境與延安黃土高原特色相呼應(yīng)和契合，營(yíng)造溫暖質(zhì)樸、人文氣息濃厚的校園空間，以規(guī)避當(dāng)下中國(guó)大學(xué)新校區(qū)建設(shè)千篇一律的缺點(diǎn)，塑造出延安大學(xué)特有的校園品格。

以人為本的人性化校園空間

我們認(rèn)同以學(xué)生為中心的理念，在圖書館組團(tuán)設(shè)計(jì)了一系列公共廣場(chǎng)、庭院、連廊及平臺(tái)，作為師生交往和學(xué)術(shù)交流的主要公共空間，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生活動(dòng)為空間主角。通過(guò)景觀設(shè)計(jì)、綠化種植塑造人性化、多層次的校園環(huán)境，對(duì)厚重硬朗的建筑空間進(jìn)行軟化，創(chuàng)造出積極而舒適的學(xué)習(xí)交流場(chǎng)所。

在地化的鄉(xiāng)土建構(gòu)技術(shù)及材料

我們尋找當(dāng)?shù)馗挥薪?jīng)驗(yàn)的工匠，在基地現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)比不同敲鑿方向和深度的黃砂巖石材，在一天內(nèi)隨著光影遷移形成的質(zhì)感和色彩變化。通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，最終選定當(dāng)?shù)氐狞S砂巖石塊，由當(dāng)?shù)毓そ呈止で描?，并采用傳統(tǒng)的手工密縫方式砌筑，最大化地彰顯在地建筑原始、原真的美學(xué)價(jià)值。

The Library, Museum, and History Museum of Yan'an University, as the iconic core building complex of the new campus of Yan'an University,is located in the centre of the campus,connecting the teaching and living area and the urban interface, with a total construction area of 74,143.79 m2. The buildings not only serve the teachers and students on campus, but also are open to the public, realising the efficient use of the building and good social value and influence.

Designing the most important building complex of the new campus for a university with deep history and culture in the historical and cultural city of Yan'an was a challenge. The need to connect the past and the future, to have regional characteristics and to reflect the spirit of the times, to make the heavy sense of history and glory glow in the new time and in a new order, and to reflect the humanistic atmosphere of remaining true to the original aspiration, are the issues we must think deeply about.

Adhere to Character Instead of Style

We insist on the concept of character over style, and do not "seek for novelty or bizarreness", but inherit the spiritual connotation and regional cultural characteristics of Yan'an University. The overall cultural tone, architectural style and landscape environment of the campus echo and fit with the characteristics of Yan'an Loess Plateau,creating a warm and simple campus space with a strong humanistic atmosphere, in order to avoid repeating the stereotyped design style of the current new campuses of Chinese universities,and to shape the unique characteristic of Yan'an University.

1 外景Exterior view

2 全景Overall view

Human-Centred Campus Space

We recognize the idea of taking the students' needs as the main consideration and design a series of public squares, courtyards,connecting corridors, and platforms in the library cluster as the main public space for the faculty and students' interaction and academic communications, emphasizing student activities as the main function of the space. Through landscape design and greenery planting to shape a humanized and multilayered campus environment, we soften the heavy and hard architectural space to create an active and comfortable place for learning and communication.

Vernacular Techniques and Materials

We searched for experienced local craftsmen and conducted experiments on site to compare the texture and colour changes of yellow sandstones with different chiselling directions and depths as they migrated with light and shadow over the course of a day. Through onsite experiments, local yellow sandstones were selected, hand-chiselled by local craftsmen, and built using traditional hand-seamed masonry. As a result, the original and genuine aesthetic value of the local architecture is maximized.

Modern Architectural Language Rooted in Regional Culture

Retreating terrace change: We took the most iconic and continuous architectural symbol in the history of Yan'an University, the retreating terrace kiln, as the concept of architectural design, and as a way to restore and connect the past, strengthening the regional elements, and inheriting the historical context.

Symbol of kiln: As the most characteristic architectural element of Yan'an, it is used throughout the design of the whole campus.However, it is not simply imitated or copied, but combined with the campus culture and actual functional needs. The kiln symbol is used to shape the arcade space, both as the base of the building and to enhance the sense of heaviness.

Cross-brick holes: It is the most common decorative element in Yan'an regional architecture, which is used abstractly on the parapet of the arcade.

Earthy yellow colour: Loess culture is the core element of Yan'an's regional culture.Therefore, the overall tone of the new campus of Yan'an University is mainly earthy yellow,highlighting the heaviness, simplicity,magnificence, an d elegance of the building,highlighting the regional culture of Yan'an and forming a unique symbol of the campus building. □(Translated by QIAN Fang)

材料：黃砂巖，混凝土砌塊，裝飾混凝土掛板

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2015-2016

竣工時(shí)間：2018

繪圖：清華大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司

攝影：姚力，曹百?gòu)?qiáng)

Interior Design: Huang Lei Studio,Beijing Qingshang Architectural Design and Research Institute

Artistic Creation: Professor LIN Lecheng's Studio at the Academy of Arts &Design Tsinghua University

Site Area: 60,300 m2

Building Area: 74,143.79 m2(Library 49,883.79 m2, Museum 12,072.2 m2,History Museum 12,187.8 m2)

Materials: Yellow sandstone, concrete blocks, decorative concrete hanging slabs

Design Time: 2015-2016 Completion Time: 2018

Drawing: Tsinghua University Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd

Photos: YAO Li, CAO Baiqiang

根植于地域符號(hào)的現(xiàn)代建筑語(yǔ)匯

退臺(tái)變化：我們將延安大學(xué)歷史上最具標(biāo)志性和延續(xù)性的建筑符號(hào)——退臺(tái)窯洞，作為建筑設(shè)計(jì)源泉，以此來(lái)還原和連接過(guò)去，強(qiáng)化地域元素，傳承歷史文脈。

窯洞符號(hào)：作為延安最具特色的建筑元素，貫穿于整個(gè)校園的設(shè)計(jì)之中。但不是簡(jiǎn)單的模仿和照搬，而是將校園文化和實(shí)際功能需求相結(jié)合，運(yùn)用窯洞符號(hào)塑造拱廊空間，作為建筑基座，增強(qiáng)厚重感。

十字磚孔：延安地域建筑中最常見(jiàn)的裝飾元素，將其抽象使用在拱廊的女兒墻部位。

土黃色調(diào)：黃土文化是延安地域文化的核心要素。因此，延大新校區(qū)整體色調(diào)以土黃色為主，突出建筑的厚重、質(zhì)樸、大氣、端莊，彰顯延安地域文化，形成校園建筑獨(dú)特的標(biāo)志?！?/p>

3-5 草圖Sketches

6 總平面

7 首層平面Ground floor plan

8 場(chǎng)地原狀Original site

9 二層平面First floor plan

10 三層平面Second floor plan

11 立面Elevation

12 剖面Section

13 模型Model

14 細(xì)部Detail

15.16 外景Exterior views

17-19 內(nèi)景Interior views