李賓

20世紀(jì)初，蘇格蘭地理學(xué)者帕特里克·蓋迪斯提出了《山谷剖面》，借由一種地理剖面圖理解人地關(guān)系。這一視角關(guān)聯(lián)了從區(qū)域至局域地貌、高山到大海的變化，景觀空間的多樣面貌，人們?nèi)粘５纳a(chǎn)生活景觀，形成了跨尺度的連續(xù)景觀閱讀。以地理地貌視角閱讀景觀也可追溯到徐霞客、亞歷山大·馮·洪堡、段義孚、岡瑟·沃格特等眾多中外學(xué)者，他們的著述與繪述展現(xiàn)了不同地理區(qū)域中關(guān)聯(lián)的地貌景觀構(gòu)成。正如，當(dāng)洪堡站在安第斯山脈欽博拉索山口海拔5 700 m高處，他發(fā)現(xiàn)地貌與阿爾卑斯的高山區(qū)如此相像，地衣則提示著他曾經(jīng)考察過(guò)的北極地區(qū)類型，這樣的考察過(guò)程最終凝結(jié)成了《植物地理圖解》。

身處人類世地質(zhì)時(shí)代，我們?cè)谌粘Ｖ小貏e是剛剛過(guò)去的夏天——體會(huì)著全球氣候變化，以及城市化大面積擴(kuò)散在地理地貌之中；而作為回應(yīng)，當(dāng)下的風(fēng)景園林學(xué)出現(xiàn)了根植于這一視角的景觀設(shè)計(jì)研究。一方面這些設(shè)計(jì)研究以特定的地理地貌形態(tài)為基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)“被設(shè)計(jì)的”考察法與表達(dá)法介入研究，試圖打通研究、教學(xué)與設(shè)計(jì)的邊界；另一方面，這些地理區(qū)域可以被整體的、全球性的解讀，其涉及的設(shè)計(jì)研究理論與方法也許具有跨地域的應(yīng)用意義或討論價(jià)值。

本期專題“地理與地貌視角下的設(shè)計(jì)研究”靈感來(lái)于山谷剖面，期待以一種關(guān)聯(lián)的全球地理視野探討人地關(guān)系與景觀空間。本專題的文章從極地出發(fā)，跨越河流，來(lái)到城市及近郊的低山與丘陵，到達(dá)海岸和島嶼。或許這樣的“地理剖面”視角，可以為風(fēng)景園林學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)研究與教學(xué)實(shí)踐帶來(lái)多尺度、多維度、多學(xué)科的方法。或許我們也可以以這樣的視角閱讀、塑造地球上的景觀：它是關(guān)聯(lián)的、俯瞰式的、科學(xué)觀的；同時(shí)也是感知的、剖面式的、以人為本的。

In the early 20th century, Scottish geographer Patrick Geddes created “The Valley Section” and used it as a geographical illustration to comprehend the relations between human and land. This perspective connects the territorial and the local landforms from the high mountains to the oceans,their multifaceted landscape spaces and everyday lived and practiced landscapes, and thereby, forming a continuity of multiscalar landscape readings. We may trace landscape readings in geographic and geomorphic perspective back to scholars such as Xu Xiake, Alexander von Humboldt, Yi-Fu Tuan,and Günther Vogt. Their writings (and drawings)unfold a body of landscape construction distributed across geographies. When Humboldt stood on the 5,700 m Chimborazo mountain pass of the Andes, he discovered that the landforms there bear a resemblance to those of the Alps, and the lichens look similar to those in the Arctic region. He condensed these relational findings into the drawing of “The Geography of Plants”.

In the age of Anthropocene, we are experiencing climate change on a daily basis(particularly this summer) and urbanization around the globe largely extending to varied geomorphic landscapes. As the response to the changes, there is a body of emerging landscape architecture design research rooted in geographic perspectives. On one hand, those design research take particular geographies and landforms as the case, and through “designed” fieldwork, observation, and representation, break the barrier among research,teaching and design. On the other hand, those particular geographies can be read as a relational and global whole, and the theories and the methods of design research on those geographies may be valuable to be discussed across each other.

“Design Research in Geographic and Geomorphic Perspective” is inspired by “The Valley Section” and takes a geographic perspective toward discussing human-land relations and landscape spaces. Let's depart from the polar region, travel across the river, walk around the low mountain and the hill in the city and its periphery,and further reach over to the coastline and the island. We may find multiscalar, multidimensional and multidisciplinary methods for Landscape Architecture design research and teaching converged en route. We may also gain landscape perspectives along the journey: it is relational, aerial,scientific and, furthermore, experiential, sectional and humanistic.