文/本刊記者 楊艷

With blooming flowers along Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT)Line 2 every spring, “the train bound for spring” starts to “pull in” and becomes a popular site on social media. Line 2 is the first Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Line as well as a witness to friendly exchanges between China and Japan and international economic and technical cooperation ever since the reform and opening-up in Chongqing.

Through decades of development, Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Lines connect the bustling city, offer residents more convenient transportation,promote related industries, and bring new growth drivers for Chongqing’s society and economy.

Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Line 2 was completed after 10 years of preparation and 5 years of construction, which can’t be done without Mitsuru Hanai, the economic adviser of Chongqing Municipal Government and former company president of Asahi Trading Co., LTD. Not only did he endeavor to promote economic and trade cooperation between Chongqing and Japan, but also played a major part in advancing Chongqing’s opening-up.

每到春天，貫穿于花海中的重慶軌道交通2號線和“開往春天的列車”就成為國內外網紅景點。這是重慶第一條軌道交通線路，是重慶改革開放以來，中日友好交往與國際經濟技術合作的見證。

一條條軌道交通，歷經數十年發(fā)展，串連起繁華城市，方便了市民出行，帶動了相關產業(yè)發(fā)展，為重慶社會經濟創(chuàng)造了新的增長點。

重慶軌道交通2號線經歷10年籌備、5年建設，這其中有一人功不可沒。重慶市政府經濟顧問、日本朝陽貿易株式會社原會長華井滿，他不僅為促進重慶與日本兩地之間的經貿產業(yè)合作付出不懈努力，也為推動重慶對外開放發(fā)揮了獨特作用。

In October 2005, Mitsuru Hanai (second from left) visited Chongqing and took Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2.2005年10月，華井滿（左二）在重慶試乘軌道交通2號線。

Mitsuru Hanai (second from right) visited the production workshop.華井滿（右二）到生產車間考察。

In 1985, having been appointed as the economic adviser of Chongqing Municipal Government, Mitsuru Hanai worked tirelessly to support major international projects like air condition compressor of Chongqing Jianshe Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd., air separation unit of Chongqing Iron ＆ Steel Co.,Ltd and Kansai Painting Project and contributed a lot to Chongqing’s Rail Transit construction, especially for Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Line 2 and Line 3.

Introducing Academician-Level Senior Technical Expert from Overseas

According to Shen Xiaoyang, an expert of Chongqing Rail Transit Academician Work Station, the first thing Mitsuru Hanai did for Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) Line 2 was to offer the constructive advice of technology cooperation by introducing academician-level technical expert from overseas.

In April 1990, Chongqing sent a delegation to Japan to study its rail transit. “Mitsuru Hanai is passionate, capable, amiable and fluent in Mandarin.Not only is he familiar with China’s national condition and Chongqing city condition, but also he has a good understanding of rail transit technology and workflows of Chinese and Japanese institutions. ”Shen Xiaoyang said.

In the discussion and technical exchanges with Misao Sugawara, the high-level technical advisor of Japan Railway Technical Service (JARTS),Mitsuru Hanai proposed a crucial plan for future work: The feasibility research of Chongqing rail transit project needs to be included in the Sino-Japan science and technology cooperation plan and should apply for the approval of the National Science and Technology Commission. JICA (formerly Japan International Cooperation Agency) shall carry out the feasibility research of Chongqing rail transit project with aid gratis assistance. The conclusion drawn from this report served as an important reference for taking loans from Japanese government and seeking support from the competent departments of both countries and included the project in the alternative project list of Japan’s Official Development Assistance.

1985年，華井滿受聘為重慶市政府經濟顧問后，不遺余力地支持重慶建設集團空調壓縮機、重鋼制氧廠、關西涂料等對外開放重大項目。尤其為重慶軌道交通2號線、3號線項目建設和軌道產業(yè)發(fā)展等作出了突出貢獻。

舉薦院士級海外高級技術合作專家

“華井滿先生為重慶軌道交通2號線建設做的第一件事，就是提出了由科技合作起步的方向性建議，舉薦了院士級的海外高級技術合作專家?！敝貞c軌道交通院士專家工作站專家沈曉陽回憶。

1990年4月，重慶組織代表團赴日本考察軌道交通?！叭A井滿先生熱情干練、和氣可親，普通話流利，不僅深知中國國情、重慶市情，對中日兩國機構工作流程、軌道交通技術也比較了解。”沈曉陽說。

在與日本海外鐵道技術協力協會最高技術顧問菅原操進行技術交流與商研中，華井滿提出了關鍵性的工作方向建議：申請國家科委立項，將重慶軌道交通項目可行性調查列入中日科技合作計劃，由JICA（原日本國際協力事業(yè)團）采用無償援助方式開展重慶軌道交通項目可行性研究。以此可行性調查報告結論，作為利用日本政府貸款的重要依據，爭取兩國政府主管部門的支持，列入日本政府開發(fā)援助貸款備選項目計劃。

重慶市很快就采納了利用外資的路徑圖建議，積極推進科技合作項目與利用國外政府貸款建設軌道交通2號線等工作。

此后，經華井滿引薦的日本軌道交通界最高技術權威菅原操便與重慶軌道交通結下不解之緣，20余年持之以恒地深度參與，其功績得到高度認可，并在2009年榮獲中國政府“友誼獎”。

親赴工廠車間協調技術合作談判

2002年初，重慶在引進日本單軌車輛生產技術制造軌道交通2號線列車的技術合作談判遇到困難，雙方專家意見分歧較大，談判暫停對重慶軌道交通2號線按期通車帶來較大影響。

Chongqing soon adopted the road map proposal for the use of foreign capital and advanced scientific and technological cooperation projects and the construction of Rail Transit Line 2 with foreign government loans. Since then, Misao Sugawara, the high-level technical expert in the Japanese rail transit industry introduced by Mitsuru Hanai, has forged a bond with Chongqing Rail Transit, and has been continuously involved in the project for more than 20 years.His achievements have been highly recognized, and he was awarded the National Friendship Award by Chinese government in 2009.

Coordinating Technical Cooperation Negotiations in Factories

At the beginning of 2002, Chongqing encountered difficulties in the technical cooperation negotiations on the introduction of Japanese monorail vehicle production technology to manufacture trains for Rail Transit Line 2. The negotiations had to be suspended due to differences of opinions of experts from both sides, which posed a major obstacle for Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 to open on schedule.

Shen Xiaoyang, then general manager of Chongqing Rail Transit Group, immediately informed Mitsuru Hanai of the situation by fax. “Upon receiving the news, Mitsuru Hanai departed from Tokyo for Beijing to coordinate negotiations with us in Changchun Bus Factory. Thanks to his efforts, Japanese experts came to the site for inspection and recognized the quality of Chinese production equipment and technology. The two sides exchanged their production technology and Chinese experts and engineers were arranged to visit Japanese factories for exchange and training. A consensus had been reached on technical cooperation in the production of Chongqing monorail trains made in China,” which, according to Shen Xiaoyang, marked the official beginning of China’s monorail vehicle technology industry.

In July 2003, Mitsuru Hanai made preparations for Chongqing delegation to visit and discuss work with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation, as an effort to secure loans from the Japanese government for the construction of Rail Transit Line 3.During the discussion on Chongqing’s introduction of monorail technology and its application, promotion, and industry development in China, Mitsuru Hanai put forward specific suggestions such as establishing joint ventures. Since then, he has been actively coordinating with Hitachi, Mitsui and Chongqing Rail Transit Group, China Railway Construction Corporation and China Railway Engineering to establish the Chinese-Foreign joint venture Chongqing Monorail Transit Engineering Co., Ltd. The Chongqing rail project has promoted the company to both address domestic needs and go global. It is reported to have served a number of urban rail projects in China, built the Daegu monorail in South Korea in cooperation with Hitachi, and participated in the international competition in the monorail market in Brazil and Southeast Asian countries.

July 2003, PC beam erection in Liziba Station of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2.2003年7月，軌道交通2號線李子壩PC梁架設。

February 2004, construction of the Niujiaotuo Station of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2.2004年2月，軌道交通2號線牛角沱站施工建設。

時任重慶軌道交通總公司總經理的沈曉陽隨即用傳真向華井滿通報了相關情況?！叭A井滿先生得知消息，立即從東京飛到北京與我們同往長春客車廠協調商研，最終促成日方專家來到現場考察，從而認可中方生產設備與工藝質量，共同交流生產技術，并安排中方專家和工程師赴日本工廠車間考察交流培訓，取得了技術合作生產中國制造的重慶單軌列車的共識?！鄙驎躁栒f，這意味著中國單軌車輛技術產業(yè)正式啟動。

為爭取利用日本政府貸款建設軌道交通3號線，2003年7月，通過華井滿的事前安排，重慶代表團訪日，拜會日本國際協力銀行并進行工作會談。在商討“重慶引進單軌技術后在中國應用推廣并構建產業(yè)”相關工作時，華井滿提出成立合資公司等具體工作建議。此后，他一直積極協調日立公司、三井物產等同重慶軌道集團、中鐵建、中鐵工共同設立了中外合資重慶單軌工程技術公司。以重慶軌道工程為依托，面向中國市場，走向海外市場。據介紹，該公司現已服務于國內多個城市軌道工程，并與日立公司合作建成韓國大丘單軌，還參與巴西和東南亞多國的單軌市場的國際競爭。

Handprints of Mitsuru Hanai on Rail Transit Builders Memorial Wall.輕軌建設者紀念墻上的華井滿手印。攝影/楊艷

As the first straddle monorail line in China,Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 has won the “Tien-yow Jeme Civil Engineering Prize” and awarded “Ten National Environmental Friendly Projects”. All this would not be possible without the enthusiasm and hard work of railway builders from both China and Japan.

At Fotuguan Station of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2,there is a commemoration wall with a height of 12 meters and a width of 21 meters, on which the hand prints of 322 experts and engineers from China and Japan formed the writing“Monorail Builders”. The monorail relief below is engraved with the list of the main participating units, as a testament to the friendly cooperation between China and Japan.

On May 12, 2022, a video conference was held by the Chongqing People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries on the 90th birthday of Mitsuru Hanai,the economic adviser of Chongqing Municipal Government.The 90-year-old Mitsuru Hanai said that the Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 was meant to solve the travel inconveniences of residents brought by the high mountains and narrow roads in Chongqing. Picking up the letter of appointment as the economic adviser of the Chongqing Municipal Government,he said that what he had done for Chongqing was done for his own hometown and that he was willing to continue his efforts. He hoped that the next generations of the two sides would continue to strengthen exchanges and ties between China and Japan.

Photos/Offered by the Interviewees if not under

Certain Names

重慶軌道交通2號線作為中國第一條跨座式單軌線路，曾榮獲“中國土木工程詹天佑獎”“國家環(huán)境友好工程獎”……這是中日兩國軌道建設者傾注的熱情和辛勤耕耘換來的。

在重慶軌道交通2號線佛圖關車站，有一面高12米、寬21米的紀念墻，由中日兩國專家、工程師等322人的手印組成“輕軌建設者”字樣，下方的單軌列車浮雕鐫刻著主要參建單位名錄。這正是中日友好合作的見證。

2022年5月12日，由重慶市人民對外友好協會主辦的市政府經濟顧問華井滿90壽辰生日祝福視頻會舉行。視頻連線中，90歲的華井滿感動地表示，參與重慶軌道交通2號線建設的初衷，是因為重慶山高路窄，希望解決老百姓出行不便的問題。他拿起重慶市政府經濟顧問的聘書說，為重慶所做的事是為自己家鄉(xiāng)而做的，愿意繼續(xù)做下去。希望兩地下一代繼續(xù)加強溝通、互通往來、增進友誼，共續(xù)中日友好情誼。