>>>呂田田

經(jīng)過一輪復(fù)習(xí)的扎實(shí)夯基，同學(xué)們已迎來二輪的專題復(fù)習(xí)。二輪復(fù)習(xí)是高三最緊張、最高效的備考階段，如何在有限的時間內(nèi)把基礎(chǔ)知識內(nèi)化為技巧和素養(yǎng)是關(guān)鍵。本文主要結(jié)合閱讀理解和語法填空兩大題型，對二輪復(fù)習(xí)中的相關(guān)方法與技巧進(jìn)行思考，希望對大家有所幫助。

一、閱讀理解

在一輪復(fù)習(xí)中，對于人與自我、人與社會、人與自然的話題，我們都已準(zhǔn)備得相當(dāng)充分了。二輪復(fù)習(xí)中，遇到覺得容易的試題時要靜下心來，看看是否設(shè)置了陷阱；遇到難題時也不要發(fā)怵，無外乎是長難句或較多的生詞障礙。遇到長難句不要發(fā)慌，一定要找出句子的主干（即主謂賓）； 遇到生詞，可以先看一看這個生詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的頻率，如果不直接影響閱讀就大膽刪掉，如果影響閱讀就看看前后文是否有同義詞、反義詞或者對應(yīng)的解釋詞語。另外，如果遇到很新的、較難的話題或文本，建議大家一定要弄清文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，最好畫出每段的關(guān)鍵詞，寫下段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，只有從文本出發(fā)才能更好地完成閱讀理解這一題型，才會對每篇文本有更深入的解讀。下面就猜詞和文章主旨兩種題型進(jìn)行分析。

（一）在語境中抓關(guān)鍵信息，合理猜詞

例1．An amount of the best research on daily experience, according to some experts,is based on rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out．

1． What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？

A． Stop listening． B． Change one’s mind

C． Sing aloud． D． Be crazy．

本段大意：根據(jù)一些專家的說法，大量關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的最佳研究是基于積極和消極互動的比率，這已經(jīng)證明，盲目的積極或消極會導(dǎo)致他人感到沮喪或煩惱，或干脆置身事外。大量考生易選擇D.be crazy，但其實(shí)這道題的解題關(guān)鍵在于劃線短語前的一個單詞simply。如果選擇D選項的話，前面的修飾詞一定是even這種表示更強(qiáng)烈遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞。所以本題應(yīng)選A。

例2．According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake．And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid．

2． W h a t d o e s t h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r d“beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to？

A． big eaters． B． overweight persons．

C． picky eaters． D． tall thin persons．

這道題考生容易誤選A，但其實(shí)解題關(guān)鍵在于“both the size and consumption habits of…”“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions”。此段大意：我們的飲食伙伴的體型和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。與現(xiàn)有研究相反，現(xiàn)有研究表明，你應(yīng)該避免與那些點(diǎn)了大份餐的體重較大的人一起吃飯，你真正需要避免的是胃口大開的很瘦且高的人 （綽號）。所以此題語境下強(qiáng)調(diào)的是體型，與之前的研究相反，故正確答案為D。

例3．The morning after an evening struggle to care for my three-year-old daughter,I couldn't wait to get her to school． I, as a mother, was tired from the anger and her inability to communicate because of her slowed language development．

As I accompanied her into the car, I felt desperate． Nothing was right with our world．She'd been born around the same time when the nation was witnessing the birth of another Great Recession． My job and my house had been victims． Then this happened． My child's language delay was identified, but doctors struggled to properly help her, I felt like we both needed to be rescued．

I returned that afternoon as disenchanted with the little girl I loved as when I left．Walking slowly toward the school's playground gate, I found her preschool teacher racing to greet me．

3．Which of the following best explains"disenchanted" underlined in paragraph 3？

A．Happy． B．Concerned．

C．Careful． D．Disappointed．

這道題考生容易誤選B。解題關(guān)鍵在于“as disenchanted with the little girl I loved as when I left”中的as…as結(jié)構(gòu)。所以我回來接孩子的心情就同我送她時的心情一樣。那送孩子時的心情必須參照文章的前幾段，比如第一段中的The morning after an evening

struggle to care formy three-yearold daughter, Icouldn't wait to get her to school.I, as a mother, wastired from the anger and her inability tocommunicate b e c a u s e o f h e r s l o w e d l a n g u a g e development.第二段中的As I accompanied her into the car, Ifelt desperate. Nothing was right with our world.My job and my house had been victims. …I felt likewe both needed to be rescued.這些加粗的語句，描述的都是一個“受害者”的心理，“絕望的”媽媽的處境，所以正確答案為D。

（二）時刻緊扣文章，忠于文本大意

例4．We already know that salt can lead to heart disease． But could it also affect our mind?Scientists found that a high-salt diet caused cognitive （認(rèn)知的）impairments （損傷，損害）in mice and it could produce the same effect on humans．

Costantino Iadecola, director of… said they fed the mice eight to sixteen times their normal salt intake and then tested the mice．…The research suggested humans would experience a similar response．

Studies have shown Australians eat around double the recommended amount of salt each day,…the average Australian eats each day could affect the brain function in the long term．However, the decline might not be as obvious as in the mice, …"But probably over years and perhaps decades—as opposed to a few months for the mouse—even lower levels of salt may have a terrible effect," Dr ladecola said．

"High levels of salt cause serious immune changes in the organs in and around the stomach, resulting in an almost autoimmune（自身免疫的） effect on the brain． It is part of a growing body of evidence that we really are what we eat,” Bryce Vissel, director of the Centre for Neuroscience at the University of Technology Sydney, said． “Those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments．"

30． What does the last paragraph mainly focus on？

A．Studies carried out by Bryce Vissel．B．Immune changes brought about by salt．C．E f f e c t s o f d a i l y d i e t s o n h u m a n behaviors．

D．Links between salt intake and brain damage．

考生非常容易誤選B選項，但是最后一段回歸到段落中心的話是尾句：“Those changes in turn cause all sorts of responses in the body, which over time certainly contribute to cognitive impairments.”

結(jié)合全篇把第一段中心大意弄清楚：We already know that salt can lead to heart disease.But could it also affect our mind?Scientists found that a high-salt diet caused cognitive（認(rèn)知的）impairments （損傷，損害）in mice and it could produce the same effect on humans. 我們已經(jīng)知道鹽會導(dǎo)致心臟病。但是它也會影響我們的大腦嗎？科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，高鹽飲食會導(dǎo)致老鼠認(rèn)知障礙，在人身上也能產(chǎn)生同樣的效果。所以通篇研究的是高鹽飲食對大腦認(rèn)知（也就是腦損傷）的影響。所以正確答案為D。

二、語法填空

雖然我們一直強(qiáng)調(diào)備考要回歸最基本的考點(diǎn)，避免一些偏難怪的試題，但筆者卻驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，越是基礎(chǔ)的考點(diǎn)越容易被我們忽視，所以在語法填空的復(fù)習(xí)中，本文總結(jié)了以下幾點(diǎn)與大家分享。

例5．（ 2021年，全國新高考I卷）

Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’song “The Long and Winding Road”． 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes． The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we

57 （human） are．

The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb． It will 58 （undoubted） help you get refreshed!The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 （hot） the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 （astonish）．

What comes next is the endless series of steps． You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 （be） for the people then to put all those rocks into place． Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63（ache） legs．

As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory． It sure does in 64 （I）． While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!

Keys：56． What 57． humans

58． undoubtedly 59． hotter

60． astonished 61． was

62． and 63． aching

64． mine 65． a

這篇語法填空題亮點(diǎn)滿滿，與前幾年的考題相比新意不少。

第一，全篇未考查前幾年必考的定語從句，而是在56題考查了名詞性從句中的主語從句。這啟發(fā)我們備考過程中三大從句概念下的各大從句必須靈活掌握，即定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句。第二，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)概念幾乎每年必考，57題human一詞考生在備考過程中很容易忽視。這給我們的啟示是，越是簡單、不起眼的詞匯，越要關(guān)注其單復(fù)數(shù)形式。63題ache一詞的ing分詞作定語，也不容易被關(guān)注到。64題考查物主代詞作賓語，主格變名詞所有格是初中的一個重要語法點(diǎn)，也易被忽視?？梢?，在備考過程中任何一個小語法點(diǎn)都不能忽視，以下面幾個小考點(diǎn)為例，提醒考生語法填空的“陷阱”。

例6．“The Regulation of the Preservation of the Great Wall 3 （adopt） over the past years, and it has proved very effective, so this year we’ve drafted（起草） an outline（綱 要）for new regulations and we hope to pass the cultural relics of the Palace Museum on to many generations 4 （come）,” Shan said．

…The Forbidden City’s image as a museum has grown 8 Shan’s last measures were approved in 2012．

此句為長句，所以答題第一步應(yīng)該找出句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，可以把句子簡化成：“The Regulation 3 (adopt) over the past years， and…and we hope to pass the cultural relics…on to many generations

4 (c o m e)，”S h a n s a i d.第3題明顯考查謂語動詞，也是時態(tài)題，主語為T h e Regulation，單數(shù)概念，時間狀語over the past years，所以此空需填入現(xiàn)在完成時，而且Regulation和adopt一詞的邏輯關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，故正確答案為has been adopted。第4題考查不定式作后置定語，考生易誤答成coming，容易把the coming generations和the generations to come記混淆，而本題正確答案為to come。

對于第8題，分析句子可知主句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，從句用一般過去時態(tài)，考查連詞，此處句意應(yīng)為“自從”，故正確答案為since。考生如果不習(xí)慣這種逆向思維，平時見 到 諸 如since，up to now，till now，so far等詞匯第一時間會認(rèn)為考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。此題考生易錯答成when。

例7．Chinese TV drama Awakening Age,which narrates the story of how the Communist Party of China （CPC） was founded in 1921,ended several months ago, but it remains a hot topic on social media, 1． discussion shows that it has played a positive role in educating young people about China’s revolutionary history．

例8．In China, harmony is reflected in Chinese cuisine, 2．a(chǎn)lmost every flavour is used in a balanced way to create delicious food．

此處，第1題和第2題正確答案都是where，都考查定語從句中先行詞為抽象地點(diǎn)概念時，關(guān)系副詞用where?？忌鎸υ摽键c(diǎn)時總是不能第一時間判斷出“抽象地點(diǎn)”這一概念。第1題句意為：它（電視劇《覺醒年代》）仍然是社交媒體上的熱門話題，討論表明，它在教育年輕人了解中國革命歷史方面發(fā)揮了積極作用。考生易誤答成whose或which。第2題句意為：在中國，和諧體現(xiàn)在中國菜中，幾乎每種味道都以平衡的方式使用，創(chuàng)造出美味的食物?？忌渍`答成which或and。

二輪復(fù)習(xí)中要緊跟老師的備考思路，在錯題中總結(jié)、反思自己現(xiàn)階段的問題。二輪復(fù)習(xí)是能力素養(yǎng)快速提升的時期，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己依舊有很多知識點(diǎn)并沒有真正弄清楚，還有很多方面需要改進(jìn)，但是一定不要自亂陣腳。希望大家在忙碌備考的過程中保持思考的能力，靜心凝性，踏實(shí)穩(wěn)定，信心十足地朝自己的目標(biāo)去努力。