馬小紅

四級(jí)

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Changes in the Way of Transportation”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

這道大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文題目要求考生論述transportation方式的變化。為了明確所討論的話題，我們不妨用定義法開(kāi)頭，即開(kāi)篇先給transportation下一個(gè)通俗的定義，然后提出本文所要論述的主題：從獨(dú)木舟到宇宙飛船，我們?nèi)祟愐?jiàn)證了交通方式的巨大變化。

第二段分析交通方式發(fā)生巨大變化的原因。由于本文是一篇議論文而非說(shuō)明文，所以分析原因就成了本文的重點(diǎn)。為了使分析透徹，我們不妨從兩個(gè)方面展開(kāi)，而且每個(gè)方面都要有細(xì)節(jié)支撐。我們可以先指出科技發(fā)展是交通方式變化的推動(dòng)力量。然后我們舉出一些例子證明這一點(diǎn)：在古代，我們只能徒步旅行或者騎馬和駱駝;隨著蒸汽機(jī)的問(wèn)世，我們能夠乘坐汽車和火車旅行;現(xiàn)在由于民航的迅速發(fā)展，我們可以在周末坐飛機(jī)到國(guó)外旅行。接下來(lái)，我們?cè)僦赋鼋煌ǚ绞阶兓牧硪粋€(gè)推動(dòng)因素是生活水平的提高。比如，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，私家車的擁有量迅速增加，于是越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)車上下班。本文可以用建議法結(jié)尾。第三段先指出隨著科技的發(fā)展，我們會(huì)有更快、更安全和更方便的交通方式。然后建議優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通，以緩解城市地區(qū)的交通擁堵。下面請(qǐng)看參考范文：

Transportation refers to any type of vehicle that we can travel in or carry goods in. From the canoe to the space shuttle， we human beings have witnessed dramatic changes in the way of transportation.

Advances in technology are the driving force behind the changes. In ancient times， people simply travelled on foot or rode on camels and horses. With the advent of the steam engine， however， we were able to get around in steamships and trains. Now we can take a weekend trip abroad by air due to the fast development of civil aviation. Another contributing factor is the improvement in living standard. For example， with the economy developing rapidly， private vehicle ownership has been growing by leaps and bounds. As a result， increasing numbers of people drive to and from work in the comfort of their cars.

With technology advancing， we will have faster， safer and more convenient transportation options. It is advised that priority be given to the development of public transport to ease traffic congestion in metro areas. （172 words）

語(yǔ)言亮點(diǎn)借鑒：

1. Advances in technology are the driving force behind the changes.（技術(shù)進(jìn)步是這些變化背后的推動(dòng)力量。）

2. With the advent of the steam engine， however， we were able to get around in steamships and trains.（而隨著蒸汽機(jī)的問(wèn)世，我們能夠乘坐輪船和火車到處旅行。）get around到處旅行。

3. Another contributing factor is the improvement in living standard.（另一個(gè)起作用的因素是生活水平的提高。）“Another contributing factor is …”是分析第二條原因的常見(jiàn)寫法。

4. For example， with the economy developing rapidly， private vehicle ownership has been growing by leaps and bounds.（例如，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，私家車的擁有量迅速增加。）by leaps and bounds（改善或增長(zhǎng)）非常迅速地。

5. It is advised that priority be given to the development of public transport to ease traffic congestion in metro areas. （建議優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通，以緩解城市地區(qū)的交通擁堵。）“It is advised that …”是提建議的一個(gè)常見(jiàn)句型，后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。public transport公共交通 = public transportation （AmE）。

六級(jí)

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on why students should be encouraged to develop effective communication skills. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

這道大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)作文題目要求考生論述為什么學(xué)生應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)提高有效的交流能力。記得2018年6月的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文曾經(jīng)考過(guò)閱讀、寫作、口頭表達(dá)能力的重要性及如何培養(yǎng)。顯然，本題中的communication skills的含義更加廣泛，包括聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫各個(gè)方面。

本文可以寫三個(gè)段落，第一段引出所要討論的話題。引出話題的方法多種多樣，本文不妨采用故事法，即作文的第一段先講一個(gè)故事。這種開(kāi)頭富有人情味，能增強(qiáng)作文的可讀性。用故事法開(kāi)頭要注意兩點(diǎn)：第一，故事要簡(jiǎn)短，因?yàn)樗皇且粋€(gè)引子;第二，故事要與文章的話題密切相關(guān)，能自然地引出所要討論的話題。第二段論述為什么學(xué)生應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)提高有效的交際能力。為了使論述充分，我們要善于從不同的層面來(lái)展開(kāi)論述。就本題而言，我們可以從事業(yè)和家庭兩個(gè)層面論述交際能力對(duì)學(xué)生的重要性。首先，從事業(yè)層面來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)善于交際的人能夠在面試中脫穎而出、找到工作并在工作中表現(xiàn)出色。然后引用某大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究來(lái)證明交際能力在職場(chǎng)上的重要性。其次，從家庭層面來(lái)說(shuō)，良好的交際能力能讓人擁有美滿的家庭生活，因?yàn)橛行У慕涣魇羌彝バ腋５幕?。接著我們?cè)購(gòu)姆疵嬲撟C，指出缺乏交際能力會(huì)導(dǎo)致家庭成員之間的誤解和摩擦。第三段先總結(jié)全文，指出有效的交際能力在個(gè)人和事業(yè)兩個(gè)方面對(duì)學(xué)生有幫助，然后水到渠成地建議學(xué)校重視鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生提高交際能力。下面請(qǐng)看參考范文：

Andy Wang， a top student of our department， has been crestfallen recently. He was turned down again at the job interview last week because of his poor communication skills. Wang’s case is hardly unique in today’s society， where communication is considered as the most valuable skill.

Effective communication skills are vital for a student’s future career and family life. An effective communicator can ace an interview， get a job and excel in his work. A Stony Brook University study finds that the ability to communicate effectively with superiors， colleagues and clients is essential， regardless of the industry in which he works. Besides， good communication skills contribute to a satisfying home life， as effective communication is a cornerstone of family happiness. The absence of communication， on the other hand， often leads to misunderstanding and friction among family members.

It is no exaggeration to say that effective communication skills help a student in every sphere of life， whether it be personal or professional. Therefore， school authorities should make it a point to encourage students to become expert communicators. （176 words）

語(yǔ)言亮點(diǎn)借鑒：

1. Wang’s case is hardly unique in today’s society， where communication is considered as the most valuable skill.（王的例子并非個(gè)案，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)今社會(huì)交流被認(rèn)為是一項(xiàng)最寶貴的技能。）

2. The absence of communication， on the other hand， often leads to misunderstanding and friction among family members.（另一方面，缺乏交流經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致家庭成員之間的誤解和摩擦。）on the other hand另一方面，表示上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊年P(guān)系。

3. It is no exaggeration to say that effective communication skills help a student in every sphere of life， whether it be personal or professional.（毫不夸張地說(shuō)，有效的交流技巧會(huì)在生活的各個(gè)方面幫助學(xué)生，不管是個(gè)人方面還是職業(yè)方面。）由whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

4. Therefore， school authorities should make it a point to encourage students to become expert communicators.（因此，學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)當(dāng)特別重視鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生成為交際高手。）make it a point to do sth特別重視做某事。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? □