王鑫

綜合閱讀在中考英語試卷中占20分，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀自诳瞻滋幪钊胍粋€(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~題型上失分，答這類試題除了需要具備能正確拼寫所學(xué)單詞，具有一定的語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，掌握一定的閱讀方法外，若具備一定的解題方法或技巧，做起題來往往會(huì)更加得心應(yīng)手。首先弄清文章大意，要跳過空格，瀏覽全文，理解文章的大意，特別要注意讀懂文章的開頭結(jié)尾句，它對(duì)我們理解文章的主旨起著非常重要的作用，在理解文章的主旨大意之后才開始做題。其次作好句法分析，通過句法分析弄清楚要填的詞是在句中充當(dāng)主語、謂語還是賓語等。如果是主語或賓語，要填的詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是名詞或代詞;如果是謂語，要填的就應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞;如果是在名詞前作定語或者在系動(dòng)詞后作表語，要填的應(yīng)當(dāng)是形容詞。然后注意固定搭配，根據(jù)空格前后之間的固定搭配關(guān)系來分析。之后利用上下文語境與結(jié)構(gòu)來填空。

一、中考綜合閱讀例題分析

（2020·沈陽）例題一

Good afternoon， parents and teachers. ?Thank you for attending this meeting. ?I am the head teacher of this school. Today I’ll talk about computers.

As we know， （A）計(jì)算機(jī)是非常有用的. ? In our daily lives， we can use computers to calculate （計(jì)算）. ?They can calculate at a faster speed than we do. ?（B）They almost never give wrong answers. We can also type and draw things with them. ?What’s more， computers can do important jobs like operating railways and flying planes and spaceships. ?I have a computer and I almost use （C） to write reports every day. ?People also depend on their computers a lot these days.

However，some students play computer games for too long. This is a serious problem. In the past， students used to play outside more often，（D） now they pend more time inside. They play computer games in front of computers without having a rest. ?This is bad for their health.

Tomorrow，we’ll have some experts（專家）here to talk to the students about the bad effects（影響）of playing computer games. ?They’ll also give some （E） suggestions on how to use computers for studying.

I hope we can all work together to（F）keep students from spending too much time playing computer games. Thank you for your time.

1. ?將文中畫線部分（A）譯成英語： ? .

2. ?將文中畫線部分（B）改寫為： They almost never ? ? .

3. ?在文中（C）和（D）的空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~： ? ; ?

4. ?寫出文中畫線部分（E）和（F）的同義詞或近義詞： ? ; ?

5. 從文中找出能說明本文主旨大意的詞： ?

1. 答案： Computers are very useful.

解析：computers"計(jì)算機(jī)"，useful"有用的"，形容詞作表語，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，注意系動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，故答案為Computers are very useful。

2. 答案：make mistakes

解析：give wrong answers此處表示"給出錯(cuò)誤的答案"，可以用make mistakes"犯錯(cuò)"來代替，原句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，注意時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故答案為make mistakes。

3. 答案： it，but

解析：C空處缺少的意思是前文出現(xiàn)的a computer，此處用單數(shù)指示代詞it來指代;D空是現(xiàn)在和過去進(jìn)行對(duì)比，表轉(zhuǎn)折，用but. 故答案為it，but。

4. 答案： advice，stop

解析：suggestions其同義詞是advice表示"建議"，advice是不可數(shù)名詞，不能變復(fù)數(shù);keep … from doing …"阻止…做…"，可用stop… from doing…來替換，故答案為advice，stop。

5. 答案：computer（s）

解析：根據(jù)第一段最后一句Today I’ll talk about computers"今天我將要談?wù)撾娔X的話題"可知本文主要講述的是電腦，故答案為computer（s）。

（2020·沈陽）例題二

It is reported that 300 million people in China have eyesight （視力） trouble. More and more parents hope to save their kids’ poor eyesight with medicine， or by correcting the ways that kids read and sit. But in fact， you should start with the exercise on your feet. ①

First， don’t tie your shoes too closely. ?Try wearing comfortable and soft socks. You can take care（A） your eyesight by walking without socks and shoes at home. While you are travelling，try wearing cloth shoes in order to improve blood circulation（循環(huán)）.

（B） ， walking on tiptoes （腳趾） is good for your eyesight. ②It can fight against eyesight trouble. ?Numbers show that most of ballet （芭蕾） dancers’ eyesight is better.

Third，rope skipping can also be good for your eyesight. While skipping rope，you have to move rapidly. （C）Skipping rope makes not only the brain but also the eyes excited. Maybe it also helps you grow taller. ?So start skipping rope now.

③Besides foot exercises，many eye problems can be avoided if you try some simple steps. For example， it is good to pull your ears. ?Pulling the ears 20 times rapidly is also a great way. It can keep your eyes healthy. （D）當(dāng)你空閑的時(shí)候，you can have a try.

Above all， you should often have a doctor check your eyesight.

1. 在文中（A）和（B）的空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~： ? ; ?

2. 將文中畫線部分（C）改寫為： Skipping rope makes ? the brain ? the eyes excited.

3. 將文中畫線部分譯成英語： ?

4. 在文中①②③選出能夠填入“Here are three ways to save eyesight ”的位置： ?

5. 從文中找出兩個(gè)描述視力的形容詞： ? ; ?

1. 答案：of，Second

解析：take care of“照顧”，考察短語的固定搭配，所以第一個(gè)空格填of;根據(jù)上一段首的 First，和下一段首的 Third提示，此段段首應(yīng)該填Second，介紹第二點(diǎn)，故答案為of，Second。

2. 答案：both，and

解析：此題考察近義詞組替換，not only…but also“不但……而且”，可以用both…and來替換，所以空格處填both，and。

3. 答案：When you are free

解析：when“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，free“空閑”，形容詞應(yīng)該搭配be動(dòng)詞使用，在句中作表語，故答案為When you are free。

4. 答案：①

解析：Here are three ways to save eyesight表示“這有三種拯救視力的方法”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，本句起總領(lǐng)作用，下面分別介紹了這三種方法，所以應(yīng)放在①空處，故答案為①。

5. 答案： poor，better

解析：根據(jù)原文的poor eyesight， eyesight is better可知文中描述視力的兩個(gè)詞分別是poor和better，故答案為poor， better。

二. 綜合閱讀常見同義詞語及同義句改寫

（一）、同義或近義詞（語）

Whether-if over-more than almost-nearly pretty-beautiful

missing-lost as-because/since when-as top-best

big-large had-held each-every need-want /require

passed-walked usually- often entered-walked into minutes-moments

big-large simple-easy almost-nearly tiny-small/little/smaller as a result of - Because of/due to/thanks to/owe to/owing to rapidly- fast/quickly/quick

（二）、同義句改寫

The government will spend quite a lot helping students get nutritious meals.

= will the government quite a lot to help students get nutritiousmeals.

Singapore has many green buildings like this.

=There many green buildings like this Singapore.

答案：It， take; are， in

In Australia， scientists are looking for ways to make energy using hot rocks under the surface of the Earth.

=In Australia， scientists are trying to ways to make energy hot rocks under the surface of the Earth.

答案：find，with

She spends two or three hours listening to students read at the school library.

=It her two or three hours to to students read at the school library.

The Chief Secretary started the party at 11 a. m.

=The Chief Secretary started the party at 11 the .

答案：takes， listen; in， morning

They will satisfy everyone.

=Everyone will with them.

People tend to use this common way to not to catch other people’s attention.

=People tend to use this common way other people won’t notice it.

答案：be ，satisfied; so， that

I don’t get a chance to speak.

= is no chance me to speak.

When making music， you need different abilities to work together.

=Different abilities to work together when you are making music.

答案：There，f or; are， needed

millions of people use it all over the world every day.

=several people use it in the world every day.

More than 3，000 people died after it.

= 3000 people their lives after it.

答案：million， everywhere; Over， lost

為了做好綜合閱讀題，建議同學(xué)們重視教材，夯實(shí)語言基礎(chǔ)，如單詞拼寫、動(dòng)詞搭配、短語運(yùn)用、句型表達(dá)等。認(rèn)真審題，注意把握以下幾個(gè)方面：1. 翻譯句子注意固定短語搭配，注意時(shí)態(tài)和人稱。 2. 填詞題注意表示順序的詞，比如first，second…注意表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞，注意根據(jù)上下文語意進(jìn)行判斷。 3. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題型平時(shí)要多注重總結(jié)，重視教材reading c1課后練習(xí)題的積累。4. 找中心詞語或中心句的題型要抓住首尾句和高頻詞。