◎供稿:高 潔
倒裝句是英語中常見的句式。對于倒裝句,主要考查學生在特定的結(jié)構(gòu)中正確使用部分倒裝和完全倒裝,以及“so+助動詞/情態(tài)動/系動詞+主語”的用法。
倒裝句的構(gòu)成和用法。
一般疑問句中,將助動詞放到主語之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。Do you like eating apples?你喜歡吃蘋果嗎?特殊疑問句中,疑問詞作賓語、表語或狀語時,需要將其置于句首,將助動詞置于主語前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。Where have you been these days?這些天你到哪里去了?“only+狀語/狀語從句”位于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝。Only in this way you can improve your grade.只有用這種方法你才能提高自己的成績。表示否定意義的詞或短語,如little,hardly,never,in no case,seldom 等,放在句首時,句子要用部分倒裝。Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone. 快一天了都沒有來訪者。虛擬條件句中,從句謂語部分中有were, had或should可省略if,把were,had或should提到主語前。Should we succeed, we would be rich. 我們一旦成功就發(fā)財了?!皊o... that...” 句 型 中,“so+adj. /adv.”位于句首時。So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得如此快,以至于我們趕不上他。表示“也(不) ……”的句式,即“so/neither/nor+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be+主語”形式。I don’t like it; neither do I care it. 我不喜歡它,也不在意它。某些含有否定含義的詞位于句首時,如 not only…but also,hardly…when,no…sooner…than,not…until等, 主 句用部分倒裝。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老師進來,學生們才停止講話。may表示祝愿時用部分倒裝。 May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快!images/BZ_57_330_1249_1868_1337.png
【易錯警示】
1.特殊疑問句中,如果疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時,則不用倒裝。
Who knows the answer to this question?誰知道這個問題的答案?
2. “so+主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)不用倒裝。
—Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好。
—So he is. 的確。
典型
1.—Kunming is really a comfortable city to live in.
—________________. The weather is pleasant.
A. So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it
【答案】A
【解析】句意:昆明真是個非常舒服的居住城市。答語表示“昆明的確如此”,要用“so+主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu),即so it is。
images/BZ_58_338_1743_1894_1822.png表示方位、地點、時間、次序的詞,如in, out, up, there, then, here, first等放在句首,若主語是名詞而不是代詞時,句子用完全倒裝。Here comes the bus. 公交車來了。Here he comes. 他來了。分詞短語置于句首時,句子用完全倒裝。Lying on the couch is an old lady.躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。There be句型是完全倒裝的一種。There are a number of teachers and students in the school. 在這所學校有很多老師和學生。作表語的such位于句首時,句子用完全倒裝。Such are the most powerful voices of our times!這些就是我們時代的最強音!
【巧學助記】
全部倒裝并不難,需要記住這幾點;位置副詞there句首,表語such提句前,介詞短語表地點,全部倒裝謂在前。
典型
1.—I have read the bookSense and Sensibility.
— ________________.
A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have D. Neither I have
【答案】A
2. —I’m not going swimming this afternoon.
—________________. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.
A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I am
【答案】C
【解析】由答語后半句可知,此處表示“我也不去”,故要用“neither + be+主語”結(jié)構(gòu),故選C。
【辨析】so+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語和neither+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語的區(qū)別
so+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語,依附于肯定句,表示前邊的肯定情況也適合后邊的人(物),意為“……也……”。
neither+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語,依附于否定句,表示前邊的否定情況也適合后邊的人(物),意為“……也不……”。
(2)金門花崗閃長巖與欽杭成礦帶中侏羅世與斑巖-矽卡巖-熱液脈狀銅金多金屬礦床有關(guān)的鈣堿性花崗閃長巖類可能具有相同的成巖成礦背景,加強其與區(qū)內(nèi)成礦關(guān)系的研究,對指導區(qū)內(nèi)下一步找礦具有重要意義。
Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.湯姆昨晚看電視了,安也看了。
Mary didn’t watch TV last night, neither did Jim.瑪麗昨晚沒有看電視,吉姆也沒看。
【注意】若對前面所說的事實加以肯定時,應(yīng)用“so+主語+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞”。此時,前后兩個句子的主語為同一個人或物。
這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物,意思是“某人(物)也(不)是這樣”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的“助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞”在形式上與前句的謂語保持一致,而其單復數(shù)形式則由后句的主語決定。
倒裝句速記口訣
副詞開頭要例裝,人稱代詞則如常。
only修飾副介狀,位于句首半倒裝。
否定意義副連詞,“既不……也不”須倒裝。
表語前置主語長,銜接自然常倒裝。
such代詞作表語,引起主謂要倒裝。
Not only開頭句,前一分句須倒裝。
had,were,should虛擬句,省略if半倒裝。
1. Only yesterday _________ find out that his purse was lost.
A. he was B. was he C. did he D. he did
2. There _________ six countries in SCO(上合組織)at first, but now the number has increased to eight.
A. is B. are C. were D. will be
3. —Lucy is quite a lovely girl.
—_________.
A. So is she B. So she is C. So does she D. So she does
4. I _________ you can finish the exam in two hours.
A. does believe B. do believe C. did believed D.do believed
5. —Peter shut his mouth at the meeting all the time. How about Tom?
—_________.
A. He does so B. He did so C. So does he D. So did he
6. —I haven’t seen the filmPirates of the Caribbean: On stranger Tides.
—_________.
A. Neither have I B. So have I C. Neither I have D. So I have
7. —I have changed my job.
—_________.
A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have
8.—I don’t like horror films. They’re terrible.
—_________
A. Either I do. B. Neither I do. C. Either do I. D. Neither do I.
9. _________ is important for all of us _________ English loudly in the morning.
A. It; to read B. That; to read C. It; reading D.That; reading
10. Great changes have taken place since then in the primary school_________I am studying.
A. where B. that C. which D. there