李淑娣

英語中的語態(tài)可以分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種，這是根據(jù)主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系來劃分的。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，謂語動詞就用主動語態(tài);如果主語是動作的承受者，就用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式是“助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞”，其中be的形式變化同系動詞be。因此，要做好被動語態(tài)試題除了掌握被動語態(tài)的基本含義、基本構(gòu)成之外，一定要注意與時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)系，并注意將動詞的用法放在具體的語言環(huán)境中加以掌握。本文就近年高考對被動語態(tài)（同時(shí)結(jié)合各種時(shí)態(tài)）的考查，做一簡單的分類分析，希望能對同學(xué)們有所幫助。

一、 與現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)合考查

【考例1】 With?? more?? forests?? being

destroyed， huge quantities of good earth _? _ each year.

A. is washing away

B. is being washed away

C. are washing away

D. are being washed away

析：D。本題考查了兩個(gè)知識點(diǎn)。其一是主謂一致：根據(jù)quantity的用法，可排除 A、B項(xiàng);其二考查了語態(tài)，土壤是被沖走的，故選擇D。

【考例2】 The number of deaths from

heart disease will be reduced greatly if people

___ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. persuade? ???????? B. will persuade

C. be persuaded ???? D. are persuaded

析：D。當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài);people 是被勸說的，要用被動語態(tài)，故答案為D。

二、 與將來時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)合考查

【考例3】—Dont you think it necessary that he ___ to Miami but to New York？

—I agree， but the problem is ___ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not sent; what

析：B。it necessary that 跟虛擬語氣，且根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)“被送往Miami”，第二個(gè)空填that，引導(dǎo)表語從句。

三、 與過去時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)合考查

【考例4】 The heros? story ___ differently in the newspapers.

A. was reported B. was reporting

C. reports??? ???????? D. reported

析：A。此題考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)問題。主語story 和謂語動詞report 之間存在被動關(guān)系。

【考例5】—Why did you leave that position？

—I ___ a better position at IBM.

A. offer?? ??????? B. offered

C. am offered?? ???? D. was offered析：D。offer 意為“提供”，顯然I是被IBM 提供了工作并且事情發(fā)生在過去，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

【考例6】 More than a dozen students in that school ___ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent?? ????????????? B. were sent

C. had sent?? ???????? D. had been sent

析：B。根據(jù)句子的時(shí)間標(biāo)志來看，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，句子表達(dá)被動意思，故答案為B。

四、 與完成時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)合考查

【考例7】___ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

A. Being separated?? B. Having separated

C. Having been separated

D. To be separated

析：C。這里用動詞separate的完成被動形式作原因狀語。本句的意思是：由于和其它大陸分離了數(shù)百萬年，澳大利亞有著地球上其它大陸所沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量的動植物。

【考例8】 More patients ___ in hospital this year than last year.

A. treated? ????? ??B. have treated

C. had been treated ? D. have been treated

析：D。treat與patients是動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)。this year是表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

五、 與不定式的聯(lián)合考查

【考例9】 All these gifts must be mailed immediately ___ in time for Christmas.

A. in order to have received

B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving

析：C。根據(jù)句意“所有的禮物要被寄出和被收到”來判斷應(yīng)用被動式。另外，so as后要用不定式to be形式，故答案為C。

【考例10】 All the employees except the manager ___ to work online at home.

A. encourages???????? B. encourage

C. is encouraged? ?? D. are encouraged

析：D。encourage與employees是動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)。all the employees作主語，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，manager作except的賓語。

六、 與動名詞的聯(lián)合考查

【考例11】 What worried the child was

___ to visit his mother in the hospital.

A. his not allowing

B. his not being allowed

C. his being not allowed

D. having not been allowed

析：B。此題的關(guān)鍵是弄明白動名詞在句中作表語，而不是現(xiàn)在分詞形式，所以在這里應(yīng)使用動名詞的被動語態(tài)，故選B。

七、 與過去分詞的聯(lián)合考查

【考例12】 ___ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed??????? B. To dress

C. Dressing?? ???????? D. Having dressed

析：A。過去分詞dressed 相當(dāng)于being dressed，作伴隨狀語，修飾后面的主句的動作。

【考例13】 The repair cost a lot， but its money well ___.

A. to spend? ????????? B. spent

C. being spent?? ??? D. spending

析：B。此題考查過去分詞的用法。money 和spend 的關(guān)系是被動的，所以用過去分詞。

八、 被動語態(tài)的幾種特殊經(jīng)典考例

【考例14】 Sara， hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to ___ before the party.

A. get changed? B. get change

C. get changing?? ?? D. get to change

析：A。get changed 意為“換衣服”，當(dāng)get， become， go 等動詞用作系動詞，其表語是過去分詞時(shí)，可以表示被動。

【考例15】 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge？ It will ___ fresh for several days.

A. be stayed? ??????? B. stay

C. be staying? ??????? D. have stayed

析：B。有些系動詞由及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，應(yīng)該注意三個(gè)方面：①連系動詞后面一般跟形容詞作表語，不能跟副詞;②系動詞后面不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);③系動詞通常無被動語態(tài)，卻可表達(dá)被動意義，如：stay， taste， smell， look， feel， sound， keep， prove等。

【考例16】 Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.

A. be put up? ??????? B. give in

C. be turned on? ??? D. go out

析：D。有些不及物動詞或動詞短語本身就有被動意義，如：take place， happen， go out， break out， come up等等。

跟蹤訓(xùn)練：

1. —Are we about to have dinner？

—Yes， it ___ in the dining-room.

A. has served?? ????? B. is being served

C. had been served? D. is going to serve

2. ___ where the sound laboratory ___？

A. Has it decided; will build

B. Has it been decided; will be built

C. Will it be decided; will be built

D. Is it decided; is built

3. —Hurry， Mary！You ___ on the phone.

—Oh， Im coming. Thank you.

A. want??? ?????? B. are being wanted

C. are wanting???? ? D. are wanted

4. One ___ if he or she breaks the law.

A. will be punished

B. will punish

C. is being punished

D. has been punished

5. He asked his mother for some money， but

___ a good scolding instead.

A. was being given?? B. had been given

C. was given??? ???? D. gave

6. —Why does Mary look so sad？

—Because she ___ by her classmates.

A. has been laughed

B. has laughed at

C. had laughed at

D. has been laughed at

7. —Has the hotel been put to use？

—No， it ___.

A. was built?????? B. has been built

C. is finished???? ??? D. is being built

8. Pollution is getting worse and worse today. So more attention ___ to preventing it.

A. have been paid??? B. is to pay

C. should be paid???? D. must pay

9. —How are you today？

—Oh， I ___ as ill as I do now for a very long time.

A. didnt feel?? ? B. wasnt felt

C. dont feel??? D. havent felt

10. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He ___ when trying to save a child in the earth-quake.

A. killed???? ?????????? B. is killed

C. was killed??? ????? D. was killing