王立新

高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)在句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面得高分的評(píng)分要求是：應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu);語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)所致;具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。

在整篇文章中，要盡量使用不同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，以避免重復(fù)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等，都屬于較復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。正確地使用這些語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，便可寫出精彩的句子表達(dá)，從而提高作文的得分檔次。例如：

1. 使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

一般表達(dá)：All the way we were chatting， singing， laughing， and enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery.

精彩表達(dá)：All the way we were chatting， singing and laughing， enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. （現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)）

一般表達(dá)：Mr. Smith came into the classroom and many students followed him.

精彩表達(dá)：Followed by many students， Mr. Smith came into the classroom. （過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)）

一般表達(dá)：When he arrived in London， he gave me a phone call immediately.

精彩表達(dá)：On / Upon arriving in London， he gave me a phone call immediately.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)）

一般表達(dá)：When they finally reached the airport， they found the plane had taken off.

精彩表達(dá)：They finally reached the airport only to find the plane had taken off. （only to do... 表示意想不到的結(jié)果）

2. 使用名詞性從句

一般表達(dá)：To our surprise， they won the championship at last.

精彩表達(dá)：What surprised us was that they won the championship at last.

一般表達(dá)：I suggested that we should change the date. He agreed with me.

精彩表達(dá)：He agreed to my suggestion that we should change the date.

3. 使用定語(yǔ)從句

一般表達(dá)：In order to improve our English， we are going to hold an English party in our schools new gym and parties are often held there.

精彩表達(dá)：In order to improve our English， we are going to hold an English party in our schools new gym， where parties are often held.

一般表達(dá)：The English party will start from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. next Friday. During that time you will enjoy English stories， songs， poems as well as short plays at the party.

精彩表達(dá)：The English party will start from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. next Friday， during which you will enjoy English stories， songs， poems as well as short plays at the party. （介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）

4. 使用狀語(yǔ)從句

一般表達(dá)：I will not believe his words.

精彩表達(dá)：No matter what he says， I wont believe him.

一般表達(dá)：It may rain. Youd better take an umbrella.

精彩表達(dá)：Youd better take an umbrella in case it rains.

5. 使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

一般表達(dá)：We suffered from cold and hunger in those days. The days are gone.

精彩表達(dá)：Gone are the days when we suffered from cold and hunger.

一般表達(dá)：Tom didnt go to bed until his parents came back from work.

精彩表達(dá)：Not until his parents came back from work did Tom go to bed.

一般表達(dá)：It got us close to nature， gave us relaxation from heavy school work and promoted the friendship among us.

精彩表達(dá)：Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work， but also it promoted the friendship among us.

6. 使用省略結(jié)構(gòu)

一般表達(dá)：I havent succeeded， but I hope that I can succeed.

精彩表達(dá)：I havent succeeded， but I hope to.

一般表達(dá)：If I am given more time， I will do it better.

精彩表達(dá)：If given more time， I will do it better.

7. 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

一般表達(dá)：He didnt attend the meeting because of illness.

精彩表達(dá)：It was because of illness that he failed to attend the meeting.

一般表達(dá)：He really wrote to his parents last week.

精彩表達(dá)：He did write to his parents last week.

8. 使用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

一般表達(dá)：Spring comes. The trees turn green.

精彩表達(dá)：With spring coming， the trees turn green.

一般表達(dá)：The teacher entered the classroom. There was a book in his hand.

精彩表達(dá)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

9. 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

一般表達(dá)：He didnt follow my advice. So the accident happened.

精彩表達(dá)：If he had followed my advice， the accident wouldnt have happened.

一般表達(dá)：They are talking. They seem to be old friends.

精彩表達(dá)：They are talking as if they were old friends.

10. 變換時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般表達(dá)：The bell is ringing.

精彩表達(dá)：There goes the bell.

一般表達(dá)：We require all the contestants to speak no more than 5 minutes.

精彩表達(dá)：All the contestants are required to speak no more than 5 minutes.

【練一練】

將下列句子改成精彩的表達(dá)。

1. The bus is coming.

2. We should pay much attention to protecting the environment.

3. We left late. So we missed the train.

4. He speaks German very fluently. He may have studied German in Germany.

5. He fell asleep but the light was on / burning.

6. She didnt go to work because her mother was ill.

7. The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time.

8. He really works hard at English.

9. The environment will never improve until everyone takes care of it.

10. You can borrow it. But you should promise to take care of it.

11. Paul got fired last week. It obviously made him feel blue.

12. If you like anything， you can take it.

13. “We cant go out in this weather，” said Bob，

and looked out of the window.

14. She was born and brought up in the country. So she isnt used to city life now.

15. I woke up， but I found everyone gone.

16. When we were bathed in sunshine， we jumped and cheered with joy.

17. I paid $5 for the book. The book is well worth reading.

18. We worked together for peace in those days. We wont forget those days.