彭榮華

首先請看選擇性必修一教材Unit 1課本上的幾個句子：例句1：...to Tu Youyou （co-winner）， whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin， ...;例句2：...Tu Youyou went to Hainan， where malaria was more common;例句3：...malaria patients most of whom recovered;例句4：This medicine， which was called artemisinin， soon became...。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)四個句子中有whose， where， whom， which引導(dǎo)定語從句，它們分別在句中作定語、狀語、主語、主語成份。接下來我們就針對本單元的語法進行分析與歸納，便于更好地理解和掌握非限制性定語從句的用法。

一、弄清楚其基本概念。

1. 定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。如課本上的句子Later the medicine was tested on malaria patients most of whom recovered.句中的whom引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，在句中作主語。其他例句1、例句2、例句4都是非限制性定語從句。

2. 限制性定語從句：對先行詞起修飾或限制作用。不可去掉，否則主句意思不完整或不明確。非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用?？梢匀サ?，但主句意思仍然完整，用逗號與主句隔開。例如：

He has two sons who work in the same company. （Perhaps he has more than two sons.） 他有兩個在同一家公司上班的兒子。（who引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句）

He has two sons， who work in the same company. （He has only two sons.） 他有兩個兒子，他們在同一家公司上班。（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）

二、非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞who， which， whose， whom和關(guān)系副詞when， where等。who在句中作主語，whom作賓語，which作主語或賓語，whose作定語，when， where作狀語。

1. who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，關(guān)系代詞who只用于代替人，在句中作主語或賓語。例如：

The book tells us about Alexander Fleming， who discovered penicillin. 這本書告訴我們關(guān)于亞歷山大·弗萊明的情況，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了青霉素。（作主語）

2. which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

（1） 關(guān)系代詞which代表句子的全部，在句中作主語。例如：

She studies very hard at school， which makes her parents happy. 她在學(xué)校很努力學(xué)習(xí)，這使她父母很高興。

（2） 關(guān)系代詞which代表一部分，在句中作表語。例如：

She is very patient to the child， which her husband seldom is. 她對孩子很耐心，她丈夫卻很少。

（3） 關(guān)系代詞which代表一個詞，在句中作賓語。例如：

Paris， which they visited last week， is an old city. 上周他們參觀了巴黎，那是一座古老的城市。

My house， which I bought last year， has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的房子有一個可愛的花園。

3. whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，即“whose+n.”;也可用“the+n.+of+which / whom”來代替。例如：

George Orwell， whose real name was Eric Arthur， wrote many politics novels and essays. （作定語） 喬治·奧威爾，其真名為埃里克·亞瑟，寫了很多政治小說和散文。

We shouldnt spend our money on so many people， most of whom are healthy. （most of whom作主語） 我們不應(yīng)該在這么多健康的人群上花錢。

4. when， where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，在句中作狀語。例如：

Things changed in 1933， when Hitler came to power in Germany. 事情在1933年發(fā)生了改變，那時希特勒在德國執(zhí)政。

【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】

I. 選用 which， who， whom， whose， when， where填空。

1. Jack will run 5 kilometers every day， ____ makes him look strong.

2. Nick， ____ father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School， studies very hard.

3. I can get along well with my classmates here， two of ____ are my best friends.

4. Our school is a wonderful place， ____ I can see many beautiful buildings and a large square.

5. Jack， ____ comes from Tanbu Junior High School， is very active.

6. My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， ____ I was the western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas.

II. 單項選擇。

1. The basketball star， ____ tried to make a comeback， attracted a lot of attention.

A. where?????? B. when???????????? ???? C. which????????? ?? D. who

2. John said hed been working in the office for an hour， ____ was true.

A. he??????????? ??? B. this????????? ??? C. which????????? ?? D. who

3. He made another wonderful discovery， ____ I think is of great importance to science.

A. which???????? ??? B. when????????????? C. who?????????? D. that

4. The house， ____ windows face north， is our lab.

A. whose???????? ?? B. which?????????? C. who?????????? ?? D. whom

5. Jim passed the driving test，? ____ surprised everybody in the office.

A. which????????? ?? B. that???????????? C. this???????????? D. it

III. 用非限制性定語從句完成句子，每空詞數(shù)不限。

1. Yesterday I met Li Ping， ________ （他似乎） to be very busy.

2. Have you seen the film Titanic， ________ （該片男主角） is world famous？

3. I have lost my pen，? ________ （我非常喜歡） very much.

4. Football， ________ （它是） a very interesting game， is played all over the world.

5. He was very rude to the Customs officer， _________ （這使得情況） even worse.