殷齊亮

同學(xué)們，代詞可是個“大家族”，其中有一個 “家庭成員”很特殊，那就是反身代詞。它是用來“強(qiáng)調(diào)”的代詞，通過反身代詞指代主語，使施動者把動作在形式上反射到施動者自己。因此，反身代詞與它所指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系，在人稱、性質(zhì)、數(shù)上保持一致。表示反身或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫作反身代詞。反身代詞是由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱代詞賓格形式，詞尾加-self或-selves組成。反身代詞可譯為“本人”“本身”，為加強(qiáng)語氣，也常譯為“親自”“自己”。 因此，反身代詞是 oneself根據(jù)所指詞的人稱、性別、單復(fù)數(shù)等的變化。

一、反身代詞的構(gòu)成

[人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數(shù) myself yourself himself / herself / itself 復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves ]

反身代詞有單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱構(gòu)成形式的不同，第一、二人稱是由“物主代詞+self / selves”構(gòu)成，第三人稱是由“賓格代詞+self / selves”構(gòu)成。單數(shù)詞尾是-self，復(fù)數(shù)詞尾是-selves。

口訣：反身代詞構(gòu)成并不難，單數(shù)詞尾

-self記心間。第三人稱賓格加在前，其余物主開頭用在先。復(fù)數(shù)形式如何變，要用ves把f來換。

二、反身代詞的用法

反身代詞在句中可以獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分。反身代詞有兩種基本用法，其用法如下：

（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)用法（充當(dāng)同位語）

1. 反身代詞可以作主語的同位語。

Tom himself was a doctor. 湯姆自己就是個大夫。

We can do this thing ourselves. 我們自己可以做這件事情。

The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。

He himself doesnt like going to Beijing. 他本人不喜歡去北京。

要注意的是反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。

不能說：Myself drove the car.

應(yīng)該說：I myself drove the car. 我自己開車。

但在and， or， nor連接的并列主語中，第二個主語可用反身代詞，特別是myself 作主語。

Charles and myself saw it. 查爾斯和我都看到了。

2. 反身代詞可以作賓語的同位語。

She went to see the artist himself. 她去見這位藝術(shù)家本人。

Youd better ask your son himself. 你最好問問你兒子自己。

（二）反射用法

1.? 反身代詞可以作賓語。

Take good care of yourself. 照顧好你自己。

She teaches herself English. 她自學(xué)英語。

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我們昨晚玩得很開心。

Please help yourself to some fish. 請你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。

有些動詞后不跟反身代詞，如：get up， sit down， stand up， wake up等。

2. 反身代詞可以作表語。

He isnt quite himself today. 他今天身體不舒服。

反身代詞還有一些常見固定搭配的用法，這些用法也非常重要。

by oneself （=alone） 獨(dú)立，靠自己;enjoy oneself （=have a good time） 玩得開心;teach oneself自學(xué);help oneself to... 隨便吃（喝）……

【牛刀小試】

一、單項選擇。

1. Be careful with that knife， or youll cut _? _.? A. himself? ? B. ourselves

C. yourself? ? ? D. themselves

2. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight COVID-19. They think more of others than ___.

A. they? ? B. them

C. themselves? ? D. theirs

3. Yesterday I saw ___ enjoy ___ in the park.

A. her; hers? ? ? B. they; them

C. she; herself? ? D. them; themselves

4. Joan and Dicky are too busy to help us. Lets do it ___.

A. herself? ? B. himself

C. themselves? ? D. ourselves

5. Peter doesnt feel sure of ___ in his new school.

A. he B. him C. his D. himself

二、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。

1. My classmate， Li Ming， made a card for _? ?_ （he） just now.

2. Bad luck！ I cut ___ （I） with a knife

yesterday.

3. They tell us they can look after ___ （they） very well.

4. My cat can find food by ___ （it）.

5. We got out of the river and dried ___ （we）.

6. Why is she talking to ___ （she）？

7. The house ___ （it） is nice， but the gardens very small.

8. I often like to spend time by ___ （I）.

9. —Can I help you？

—No， thanks， I can do it by ___ （I）.

10. He saw ___ （he） in the mirror.

三、根據(jù)句意完成句子。

1. I am sure I can do it all by ___.

2. Look， is this room beautiful？ I painted it

___.

3. We think to ___.

4. Mary is old enough to take care of ___.

5. It is perfume， and I made it ___.

6. Can you carry this box upstairs by ___？

7. Did you enjoy ___ at the party yes- terday？

8. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little， but he doesnt enjoy ___.

9. Lily was 9 years old. She was old enough to go to school ___.

10. You should be proud of ___.

四、根據(jù)漢語意思完成英語句子，每空一詞。

1. 他在體育課上受傷了。

He ___ ___ in P.E. class.

2. 她年紀(jì)太小，無法照顧自己。

She is too young to look after ___.

3. 她本人就是一位醫(yī)生。

She ___ ___ a doctor.

4. 你最好問問老師他本人。

Youd better ask the teacher ___ ___ it.

5. 那個可憐的男孩就是我自己。

That poor boy ___ ___.