我們先來(lái)看看《劍橋雅思》里給出的一篇高分范文（黑體字為筆者所加）：

It has been suggested that high school students should be involved in unpaid community services as a compulsory part of high school programmes. Most of the colleges are already providing opportunities to give work experience; however， these are not compulsory. In my opinion， sending students to work in community services is a good idea as it can provide them with many sorts of valuable skills.

Life skills are very important and by doing voluntary work， students can learn how to communicate with others and work in a team but also how to manage their time and improve their organisational skills. Nowadays， unfortunately， teenagers do not have many after-school activities. After-school clubs are no longer that popular and students mostly go home and sit in front of the TV， browse the Internet or play video games.

By giving them compulsory work activities with charitable or community organisations， they will be encouraged to do something more creative. Skills gained through compulsory work will not only be an asset on their CV but also increase their employability. Students will also gain more respect towards work and money as they will realise that it is not that easy to earn them and hopefully will learn to spend them in a more practical way.

Healthy life balance and exercise are strongly promoted by the NHS， and therefore any kind of spare time charity work will prevent them from sitting and doing nothing. It could also possibly reduce the crime level in the high school age group. If students have activities to do， they will not be bored and come up with silly ideas which can be dangerous for them or their surroundings.

In conclusion， I think this is a very good idea， and I hope this programme will be put into action for high schools and colleges shortly.

粗略統(tǒng)計(jì)，本范文共使用了11個(gè)副詞。其中有程度副詞that、mostly、strongly;關(guān)聯(lián)副詞however、therefore、also;時(shí)間副詞already、shortly;句子副詞unfortunately、hopefully、possibly。

限于篇幅，本文無(wú)意對(duì)英漢副詞的用法差異進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述，但相關(guān)研究表明，英語(yǔ)副詞的語(yǔ)法功能較多，漢語(yǔ)副詞語(yǔ)法功能相對(duì)較少，介于實(shí)詞和虛詞之間。因此，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)副詞的詞類地位高于漢語(yǔ)副詞，這導(dǎo)致英語(yǔ)中副詞可以靈活地出現(xiàn)在句子的不同位置，使用頻率也遠(yuǎn)高于漢語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中恰當(dāng)使用副詞，可使文章讀起來(lái)更接近英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，從而有機(jī)會(huì)在考試中得到更加理想的分?jǐn)?shù)。

以下是老雅總結(jié)的十大增分副詞，同學(xué)們可以在平時(shí)寫(xiě)作練習(xí)中嘗試使用。

1. specifically 具體地說(shuō)

2. virtually 幾乎（= almost/practically）

3. obviously 很明顯

4. increasingly 越來(lái)越……

5. accordingly 相應(yīng)地

6. eventually/ultimately終于，最后

7. consequently 結(jié)果，因此

8. undoubtedly 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)

9. largely 在很大程度上

10. partly 部分地

現(xiàn)在，我們來(lái)研習(xí)幾個(gè)句子，看這些副詞是如何具體使用的。

1. Another point is that cigarettes are becoming increasingly expensive to buy.

另外一點(diǎn)是，香煙變得越來(lái)越貴了。（這里，increasingly相當(dāng)于more and more）

2. In conclusion， once people consider the consequences of their actions and modify their behavior or plan their lives accordingly， there will be much less strain on public healthcare. Ultimately， we will live in a much healthier society in all regards.

總之，一旦人們考慮到他們行為的后果，并改正他們的行為或相應(yīng)地計(jì)劃他們的生活，公共醫(yī)療的壓力就會(huì)小得多。最終，我們將生活在一個(gè)各方面都會(huì)健康得多的社會(huì)中。（這里有兩個(gè)高分副詞：accordingly和ultimately）

3. By contrast， watching sport may encourage some other young people to take up sport， as these individuals might like that sport and consequently want to try it to see how it feels.

相比之下，觀看體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)其他一些年輕人參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫@些人可能會(huì)喜歡這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此想要嘗試一下，以了解其感覺(jué)。（這里，consequently相當(dāng)于therefore或者as a result）

4. Undoubtedly， one of the benefits of this is that they are together as a family. Nevertheless， this is not ideal， especially if it leaves no time for other activities， such as sport.

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這樣做的一大好處是他們能作為一個(gè)家庭在一起。然而，這并不理想，尤其是如果它沒(méi)有留出時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行其他活動(dòng)，比如體育。（這里有兩個(gè)高分副詞：undoubtedly和especially）

5. In some families， if a teenager decides to become a vegetarian， he may do so partly out of a spirit of rebellion， because this behaviour can be interpreted as a criticism of his parents way of life.

在一些家庭中，如果青少年決定成為素食者，他可能部分出于逆反心理，因?yàn)檫@種行為可以解釋為對(duì)父母生活方式的批評(píng)。（這里，partly相當(dāng)于in part）

6. By contrast， in the US， the poorest spend around 4-5% while the richest spend between 2 and 3%. This suggests that virtually everyone in the USA uses a car sometimes.

相比之下，在美國(guó)，最貧窮的人消費(fèi)4%—5%，最富有的人消費(fèi)2%到3%。這表明，有時(shí)幾乎每個(gè)美國(guó)人都會(huì)使用汽車。（這里，virtually相當(dāng)于nearly、almost）

下面，老雅提供一些練習(xí)，請(qǐng)大家從上面列表中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)母痹~來(lái)完成句子。這些句子均來(lái)自雅思真題范文，大家在學(xué)習(xí)副詞的時(shí)候，也可以適當(dāng)研習(xí)一下這些句子表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。

1. First， a great many countries have been now undertaking the exploration of new energies in some remote rural areas. Indeed， numerous benefits could be gained. _____， it will enrich our knowledge about the energy exploration. （2014/6/28，我們應(yīng)該去偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)尋找能源嗎？）

2. To whom should the money of charity organisations go， exclusively to people who live in the same country as the organisations， or to all people regardless of where they live？ To my mind， the answer to this question depends _____ on the mission of specific charity organisations. （2016/8/20，慈善機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該幫助別國(guó)人民嗎？）

3. The entire United States， for example， was paralyzed right after the 9/11 terrorist attack， but it quickly recovered from that paralysis， _____ because American people were inspired by the artistic works which encouraged them to face the reality and moved on. （2018/9/9，政府不應(yīng)該給藝術(shù)家投資嗎？）

4. In order to catch up with the Joneses， we often have to make more money by working extra hours which will _____ affect our health. （2018/6/3，生活在大城市不利于身體健康嗎？）

5. Besides， as many scientists have speculated， the Earth will _____ die and disappear into the black hole. We therefore need to find other planets suitable for living so that when that day does come， our future grand， grand children will not perish from the Earth. （2018/12/1，應(yīng)該投資太空技術(shù)嗎？）

6. While hard skills can be learned through proper training， soft skills are harder to develop. And this _____ explains why soft skills are extremely valuable these days. （2018/11/10，應(yīng)聘者的社交能力和資歷同等重要嗎？）

7. To achieve the greatest success in sports， first it requires physical ability. However， strength and fitness being equal， it is _____ the right mental attitude that makes a big difference. （2020/1/5，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中身體和心態(tài)哪個(gè)更重要？）

8. Owing to its _____ unlimited capacity， the Internet can store all knowledge in the world. This makes it quite unnecessary for us to spend that much money constructing the brick-and-mortar libraries. （2017/3/30，知識(shí)存儲(chǔ)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上是好是壞？）

9. Jewish people today are respected throughout the world _____ because they are still practising the customs and rituals like their forefathers. （2016/9/10，應(yīng)該保留傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗嗎？）

10. If a considerable number of jobs are occupied by those who are unwilling to retire when getting old， there will be fewer opportunities left to the young， which may _____ lead to a more competitive employment market. （2018/11/2，老年人應(yīng)該繼續(xù)工作嗎？）

參考答案

1. Specifically ?2. largely ?3. largely ?4. eventually/ultimately 5. eventually/ultimately ?6. partly ?7. ultimately ?8. virtually ?9. partly ?10. consequently

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1唐偉勝，博士生導(dǎo)師，江西師范大學(xué)首席教授，英美文學(xué)學(xué)者。