黎敏

“新冠肺炎疫情對人類生命和經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了巨大的損失，人們比以往任何時(shí)刻都更加關(guān)注健康，更關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)安全與健康之間的聯(lián)系，我認(rèn)為這次新冠肺炎疫情創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的時(shí)刻和機(jī)會(huì)，讓我們做出改變，以更好地迎接未來挑戰(zhàn)?！?020年11月，第17屆中國—東盟博覽會(huì)框架下的“健康絲綢之路”建設(shè)暨第三屆中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作論壇（以下簡稱第三屆衛(wèi)生論壇）在中國南寧如期舉辦，世界衛(wèi)生組織西太區(qū)主任葛西健在論壇上這樣說道。

第三屆衛(wèi)生論壇的舉辦，是落實(shí)《中國—東盟關(guān)于新冠肺炎問題特別外長會(huì)聯(lián)合聲明》的具體舉措。論壇上各方聚焦“疫題”，不僅收獲了中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作的新成果，達(dá)成了繼續(xù)攜手“抗疫”的共識(shí)，更提出了中國—東盟衛(wèi)生未來合作的“中國倡議”。

聚焦抗疫，中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作再添新成果

中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作從無到有，已建立起衛(wèi)生部長會(huì)議、高官會(huì)議機(jī)制，搭建了衛(wèi)生合作論壇這一重要交流合作平臺(tái)。衛(wèi)生健康合作已經(jīng)成為中國—東盟合作中重要的合作領(lǐng)域。

“新冠肺炎疫情再次表明，中國與東盟是休戚與共的衛(wèi)生健康命運(yùn)共同體。疫情發(fā)生后，中國與東盟率先開展區(qū)域抗疫合作，在共同努力下，經(jīng)貿(mào)合作克服疫情影響實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定增長，這正是雙方衛(wèi)生合作渠道暢通，合作基礎(chǔ)穩(wěn)固的有力印證。”中國國家健康委主任馬曉偉說。

東盟秘書長林玉輝也積極評價(jià)中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作機(jī)制在集體應(yīng)對大流行病方面的有力作用。他指出，疫情暴發(fā)后，中國—東盟在病毒的預(yù)防檢測和應(yīng)對方面共同努力，通過東盟現(xiàn)有的各種衛(wèi)生平臺(tái)積極分享、更新關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與信息，如基因組序列、治療經(jīng)驗(yàn)、治療防控措施等等。

而舉辦第三屆衛(wèi)生論壇也是中國—東盟加強(qiáng)抗疫合作的重要舉措之一。自論壇籌辦以來，各方高度關(guān)注。受疫情影響，第三屆衛(wèi)生論壇采取“線上+線下”的形式舉行，主題為“團(tuán)結(jié)合作，共建中國—東盟衛(wèi)生健康共同體”。論壇發(fā)布了《第三屆中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作論壇倡議》，簽署了中國印尼衛(wèi)生合作執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，取得了多項(xiàng)務(wù)實(shí)合作成果。

據(jù)悉，本屆論壇還新增“衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急合作”“食品安全與營養(yǎng)健康合作”2個(gè)分論壇。它們與另外4個(gè)分論壇一起，圍繞相關(guān)主題，在疫情防控、口腔醫(yī)學(xué)、傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥、醫(yī)院管理、衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急、食品安全與營養(yǎng)健康等領(lǐng)域與東盟各國嘉賓和學(xué)者展開交流研討，同期還舉辦了中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作論壇成果展。

共迎疫情挑戰(zhàn)，他們有話說

疫情肆虐并未阻隔中國—東盟開展衛(wèi)生合作的渠道和熱情，反而進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)了各方加強(qiáng)健康合作的意愿。第三屆衛(wèi)生合作論壇上，來自中國、東盟國家、地區(qū)國際組織的代表團(tuán)全部由部長級(jí)官員領(lǐng)銜，使其成為歷屆論壇中參會(huì)代表最全、部長級(jí)官員最多、內(nèi)容最豐富的一次論壇。會(huì)上，我們不僅聽到了各方要求團(tuán)結(jié)合作、共迎疫情挑戰(zhàn)的迫切呼聲，也聽到了各方對疫苗及新合作機(jī)制的期待。

菲律賓衛(wèi)生部部長弗朗西斯科·杜克表示：“疾病沒有國界，因此我們需要開展國際合作，讓國際社會(huì)更有韌性和凝聚力。新冠肺炎疫情對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)造成了巨大的沖擊，從中我們也看到健康問題實(shí)際上是發(fā)展的中心，而全民健康覆蓋將是我們復(fù)蘇發(fā)展的重中之重和關(guān)鍵?！?/p>

事成于和睦、力生于團(tuán)結(jié)，這次新冠肺炎疫情以一種特殊的形式告誡世人，人類是榮辱與共的命運(yùn)共同體。“在重大的危機(jī)面前，沒有任何一個(gè)國家可以依靠自己的力量獨(dú)自戰(zhàn)勝疫情，團(tuán)結(jié)合作才是人間正道，無論是抗疫，還是復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，都要走開放合作的道路?！敝袊鴩倚l(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)副主任于學(xué)軍這樣說道。

隨著新冠肺炎疫苗研發(fā)取得重大進(jìn)展，各國都熱切盼望著疫苗的投產(chǎn)與普及。老撾衛(wèi)生部部長本貢·西哈馮表示，老撾期待著進(jìn)一步和東盟其他成員國以及中國加強(qiáng)合作，推動(dòng)新冠肺炎疫苗的問世。“全世界都急需新冠肺炎疫苗，在此背景下，中國—東盟應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)合作，保證新冠肺炎疫苗能夠公平、公正地惠及所有人?！碧﹪笨偫砑嫘l(wèi)生部長阿努廷·參威拉軍說。

而在“后疫情時(shí)代”，復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。據(jù)林玉輝介紹，目前，東盟已制定《東盟全面恢復(fù)框架協(xié)議》，并希望得到中國的支持。馬來西亞衛(wèi)生部部長拿督斯里阿漢·峇峇則期待，未來能建立東盟區(qū)域醫(yī)療用品儲(chǔ)備中心、東盟公共衛(wèi)生緊急情況和新發(fā)疾病中心，以免其后給醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)帶來更大負(fù)擔(dān)，并為今后的其他流行疾病做好準(zhǔn)備。

“世界正處于一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，新冠肺炎疫情不會(huì)是世界上最后一次或最嚴(yán)重的‘大流行，在應(yīng)對不斷變化的健康威脅時(shí)，我們必須調(diào)整、創(chuàng)新我們的戰(zhàn)略，并提升政策的靈活性，以讓我們的人民過上更美好、更健康的生活?！毙录悠滦l(wèi)生部部長顏金勇這樣說道。

加強(qiáng)中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作的“中國倡議”

在既有成績的基礎(chǔ)上，馬曉偉對中國—東盟衛(wèi)生合作在未來的發(fā)展，提出了三點(diǎn)倡議：

一是積極對接衛(wèi)生發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)地區(qū)衛(wèi)生發(fā)展。馬曉偉說：“中方愿與東盟就衛(wèi)生發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和規(guī)劃進(jìn)行充分交流與對接，進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)《2015年后東盟衛(wèi)生發(fā)展議程》與《健康中國2030規(guī)劃綱要》相互融合，充分發(fā)揮本地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥優(yōu)勢，加強(qiáng)衛(wèi)生體系建設(shè)，提升全體健康覆蓋水平，共同推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)《聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程》衛(wèi)生相關(guān)目標(biāo)。”

二是加強(qiáng)傳染病聯(lián)防聯(lián)控，更好維護(hù)地區(qū)的安全和衛(wèi)生。中方愿與東盟各國進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)公共衛(wèi)生和衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急策略的溝通協(xié)調(diào)，探討建立中國—東盟公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急聯(lián)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)信息通報(bào)和共享，開展衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急聯(lián)合桌面演練，共同提高《國際衛(wèi)生條例》核心能力和應(yīng)對突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的能力，攜手應(yīng)對新發(fā)再發(fā)傳染病和跨境突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件等衛(wèi)生安全挑戰(zhàn)。

“中國積極推動(dòng)新冠肺炎疫苗成為全球公共產(chǎn)品，將在疫苗研制完成并投入使用后積極考慮東盟國家的需求。中國加入新冠肺炎疫苗實(shí)施計(jì)劃，未來5年向全球疫苗免疫聯(lián)盟捐獻(xiàn)2000萬美元，以實(shí)際行動(dòng)促進(jìn)疫苗的可及性和可負(fù)擔(dān)性，為促進(jìn)本地區(qū)人員流動(dòng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇做作出貢獻(xiàn)?！瘪R曉偉說，“三是深化人才培養(yǎng)和技術(shù)合作，推動(dòng)地區(qū)衛(wèi)生創(chuàng)新?！?/p>

The 3rd CAFHC was one of the measures to strengthen China-ASEAN cooperation on fighting against the COVID-19. The Forum has attracted a lot of attention since the stage of preparation. Due to the COVID-19， the Forum was held both online and offline under the theme of “Build a China-ASEAN Community of Shared Health with Unity and Cooperation”. Many practical results were achieved in the Forum such as the publishing of Initiative of the 3rd China-ASEAN Forum on Health Cooperation and the signing of the implementation plan of China-Indonesia health cooperation.

It is reported that two panel sessions of “Health Emergency Cooperation” and “Food Safety and Nutrition Health Cooperation” were also held at this Forum. Guests and scholars from ASEAN countries communicated and shared a lot of information in such fields as epidemic prevention and control， stomatology， traditional medicine， hospital management， health emergency， food safety， and nutrition health. The China-ASEAN Health Cooperation Forum Achievements Exhibition was also held at the same time.

Strong wills and passionate voices in facing the challenges brought by the COVID-19

Although the epidemic is raging， it neither closes the cooperation channels of China-ASEAN Health Cooperation nor curbs the passion in cooperation. On the contrary， these countries have stronger will to enforce the health cooperation. At the 3rd Health Cooperation Forum， delegations from China， ASEAN countries， and regional international organizations were all led by ministerial officials， making it the most successful forum with the largest number of participants and ministerial officials. The Forum witnessed the urgent calls of all parties for unity and cooperation in coping with the COVID-19 and expecting vaccines and new cooperation mechanisms.

“Disease knows no borders， and international cooperation needs to be carried out to make a more resilient and cohesive international community. The COVID-19 epidemic has caused a huge impact on the economy and society， from which we can see that the health issue is critical to the development. The key and priority of economic recovery is to realize a full medical care coverage，” said Francisco Duque， Philippine Secretary of Health.

People should seek for harmony and unity. The COVID-19 gave a special warning to the world. People all over the globe share the weal and woe. Yu Xuejun， Deputy Director of Chinas National Health Commission， said， “Confronted with such a crucial crisis， no country can overcome the epidemic on its own. Therefore， unity and cooperation are the key. We should adhere to opening and cooperation in fighting against epidemic， resuming work and production and restoring the economy.

With a significant progress in the research and development of the COVID-19 vaccine， all countries are eagerly looking forward to the volume production and mass use of the vaccine. According to Bounkong Syhavong， Lao Minister of Health， they look forward to further cooperation with other ASEAN member states and China to promote the birth of the COVID-19 vaccine. Anutin Charnirakul， Thailands Deputy Prime Minister and Health Minister said， “People all over the world need the COVID-19 vaccine urgently. Hence， China-ASEAN should strengthen cooperation to ensure that the vaccine can benefit all the people fairly and impartially.

In the post-epidemic era， the work and production resumption has become an urgent issue. According to Lim Jock Hoi， ASEAN is formulating the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Recovery of ASEAN and looking forward to Chinas support. Dato Sri Dr Adham bin Baba， Malaysias Minister of Health， showed his expectation to build the ASEAN regional medical supplies reserve center and the ASEAN public health emergency and emerging disease center in the future， for fear that the epidemic will lay more burdens on the medical system. Whats more， they will be well-prepared for other epidemic diseases in the future.

“The world is right at a turning point， while the COVID-19 will not be the last or the most serious epidemic in the world. In response to ever-changing health threats， we must adjust and innovate our strategy and improve policy flexibility， in order to enable a better and healthier life，” said Gan Kim Yong， Singapores Minister of Health.

“Chinese Initiative” to enhance China-ASEAN health cooperation

On the basis of earlier achievements， Ma Xiaowei has put forward three initiatives according to the future development of China-ASEAN Health Cooperation.

The first initiate emphasizes actively docking health development strategy and promoting regional health development. According to Ma Xiaowei， China is willing to conduct full exchanges with ASEAN on health development strategy and planning， to further promote the integration of ASEAN Health Development Agenda after 2015 and Program for the Health of China in 2030， and to give full play to the advantage of traditional medicine in this region. That is how we can strengthen the construction of health system， improve the level of the entire health coverage and jointly promote the implementation of the health related objections in UN Sustainable Development Agenda.

The second initiative aims to strengthen joint prevention and control of infectious diseases to better safeguard regional safety and health. China is ready to work with ASEAN to further strengthen the communication and coordination of public health emergency strategies. We explore the establishment of China-ASEAN public health emergency contact network to notifying and sharing information. Furthermore， we also carry out health emergency joint drills to improve the core capacity of the International Health Regulations and the ability to deal with public health emergencies. We should make joint efforts to handle with the health and safety challenges of emerging infectious diseases and cross-border public health emergency.

According to Ma Xiaowei， the third initiative is to deepen personnel training and technology cooperation to promote regional health innovation. China will actively promote the COVID-19 vaccine to become a public product in the world， and meet ASEANs needs after the completion and application of the vaccine. China has joined the implementation plan of COVID-19 vaccine， and it will contribute US$ 20 million to the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization in the next five years to promote the accessibility and affordability of vaccines through real action and contribute to the promotion personnel mobility in this region and economic recovery.

These initiatives are responses to some ASEAN countries concerns in docking health development strategy and vaccine research and development， and they also expressed these countries sincerity in fighting against the epidemic and transmitted a positive energy of opening and cooperation.

China-ASEAN should face with the epidemic crisis through cooperation. Just as Ge Xijian said， “Only when the people in this world are safe shall we be truly safe.”