鐘霜霞

現(xiàn)下，新冠肺炎疫情持續(xù)席卷全球，多國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展正遭遇著前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。為在“一帶一路”框架下進(jìn)一步深化中國—東盟產(chǎn)能合作，推動區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，在第17屆東博會框架下，南寧舉行了中國—東盟產(chǎn)能與投資合作論壇。

論壇上，與會嘉賓圍繞“深化產(chǎn)能合作，應(yīng)對共同挑戰(zhàn)”的主題，話成效，提倡議，進(jìn)一步肯定了開展產(chǎn)能與投資合作在直面當(dāng)前危機(jī)中的積極作用。

中國—東盟產(chǎn)能合作持續(xù)加碼，成果喜人

據(jù)中國國家發(fā)展和改革委員會副主任、國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局局長寧吉喆介紹，目前，中國—東盟產(chǎn)能與投資合作穩(wěn)步向前，取得諸多成效。

在政策溝通方面，近年來中國與東盟國家積極落實(shí)《中國—東盟產(chǎn)能合作聯(lián)合聲明》，共同打造融合度更高、帶動力更強(qiáng)、受益面更廣的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、價(jià)值鏈。中國與柬埔寨、老撾、馬來西亞、緬甸、菲律賓、新加坡、越南等國簽署了產(chǎn)能合作和第三方市場合作的有關(guān)協(xié)議，實(shí)現(xiàn)了互利共贏。

在重大項(xiàng)目推進(jìn)上，中國與東盟各國統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)各大合作項(xiàng)目的疫情防控和工程建設(shè)，目前中老鐵路土建工程已完成54%，線上的鋪軌完成了40%。中泰鐵路合作項(xiàng)目一期線下土建工程建設(shè)順利推進(jìn)，線上工程合同已經(jīng)簽署。中印尼雅萬高鐵已進(jìn)入全面快速建設(shè)階段，全線土建工程完成了約70%。馬來西亞東部沿海鐵路、柬埔寨金邊西哈努克港高速公路項(xiàng)目都在穩(wěn)步建設(shè)中。

而廣西作為中國—東盟開放發(fā)展的前沿門戶，近年來，在產(chǎn)能合作、產(chǎn)業(yè)對接、平臺搭建等方面也取得了一系列的豐碩成果，走在了中國—東盟產(chǎn)能與投資合作隊(duì)伍的前列。

“廣西大力推動、主動參與國際產(chǎn)能合作，對外合作的區(qū)域遍布五大洲的80多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)，投資領(lǐng)域涵蓋冶金、汽車制造、工程基建、電子信息等裝備制造業(yè)。2016～2020年，廣西境外投資中方協(xié)議投資額年均增長32%，其中東盟國家是廣西境外投資主要的目的地。”廣西壯族自治區(qū)人民政府常務(wù)副主席秦如培介紹道，“中馬欽州產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)與馬中關(guān)丹產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)‘兩國雙園開創(chuàng)了國際產(chǎn)能合作的新模式。大馬聯(lián)合鋼鐵年產(chǎn)350萬噸鋼鐵廠、上汽通用五菱印尼制造基地等一大批標(biāo)志性的產(chǎn)能合作項(xiàng)目在海外相繼建成和投產(chǎn)，中柬農(nóng)業(yè)促進(jìn)中心、文萊摩拉港等一批合作平臺取得積極進(jìn)展?！?/p>

聚焦產(chǎn)能與投資合作的“四個(gè)新”

2020年是中國—東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)全面建成10周年，11月15日，15個(gè)國家共同簽署了《區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》（RCEP）。多邊自貿(mào)協(xié)定的制度安排，越來越證明各國是休戚與共的命運(yùn)共同體，團(tuán)結(jié)合作是應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的必然選擇?！爸挥泻献鞴糙A才能辦大事，辦好事，辦長久之事。”秦如培說。

我們必須看到，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)中國與東盟國家國際產(chǎn)能與投資合作，共同構(gòu)建更加強(qiáng)健、安全的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈，有利于各國面對復(fù)雜多變的國際形勢，有利于推動?xùn)|盟國家經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和增長，有利于促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，也有利于我們共同應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情的挑戰(zhàn)，具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和實(shí)際作用。如何進(jìn)一步深化中國—東盟產(chǎn)能與投資合作？寧吉喆提出了四個(gè)“新”：

一是構(gòu)建開放、包容的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作新格局?！拔覀儗⒈止采?、共建、共享的理念，遵守當(dāng)?shù)胤煞ㄒ?guī)和文化風(fēng)俗，遵循經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律，加強(qiáng)交流對接，推進(jìn)合作共贏。”寧吉喆說。

二是打造強(qiáng)健的區(qū)域合作新鏈條。中國和東盟開展產(chǎn)能合作重在講究時(shí)效、付諸行動，雙方應(yīng)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)共建“一帶一路”倡議和東盟發(fā)展規(guī)劃的對接，落實(shí)好RCEP，發(fā)揮瀾湄合作、東部經(jīng)濟(jì)增長區(qū)域合作等多邊機(jī)制，以及共建“一帶一路”國際產(chǎn)能合作等雙邊機(jī)制的作用。加強(qiáng)政策溝通協(xié)調(diào)，密切標(biāo)準(zhǔn)資質(zhì)等交流對接，打通壁壘，優(yōu)化資源配置，發(fā)揮各國比較優(yōu)勢，在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、制造業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)療等重點(diǎn)行業(yè)推動形成更加互補(bǔ)互助的區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。在確保防疫安全的基礎(chǔ)上共同建設(shè)好地區(qū)快捷通道和綠色通道網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)交通、能源、信息等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通合作，積極開展跨境電商之智慧物流合作，完善和提升物流體系功能效率，形成強(qiáng)健安全的區(qū)域供應(yīng)鏈。

三是激發(fā)創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)的區(qū)域發(fā)展新動力。當(dāng)前，世界正處于新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革的歷史關(guān)口，雙方應(yīng)努力打破制約知識、技術(shù)、人才等創(chuàng)新要素流動的壁壘，擴(kuò)大企業(yè)技術(shù)交流合作，推動共建聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室、研發(fā)中心、科技園區(qū)等，重視知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，加強(qiáng)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)、人工智能、智慧城市、新一代通訊技術(shù)、醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新合作，以創(chuàng)新的力量抗擊新冠肺炎疫情。同時(shí)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)金融合作創(chuàng)新，鼓勵在貿(mào)易投資中擴(kuò)大使用本幣結(jié)算，在控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上優(yōu)化國際投融資金融產(chǎn)品，為合作項(xiàng)目提供多元化的融資來源。推動項(xiàng)目合作模式的創(chuàng)新，積極開展第三方市場合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)利益共享、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)。

四是培育區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)綠色廉潔發(fā)展的新增長點(diǎn)。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)是區(qū)域合作的必然趨勢，我們應(yīng)倡導(dǎo)綠色、低碳、循環(huán)、可持續(xù)的生產(chǎn)生活方式，擴(kuò)大生態(tài)環(huán)保領(lǐng)域合作，在尊重國際規(guī)則、國際慣例和東道國環(huán)保法律法規(guī)的基礎(chǔ)上將綠色發(fā)展理念貫穿到產(chǎn)能與投資合作當(dāng)中。同時(shí)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)國際反腐合作，營造廉潔、公平的營商環(huán)境，更好地保障市場主體的合法利益。

中國開放的大門不會關(guān)閉，只會越開越大。當(dāng)前，挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇并存，挑戰(zhàn)中蘊(yùn)含機(jī)遇，“2021年是中國和東盟建立對話關(guān)系30周年，中方期待和各方共同努力，不斷深化產(chǎn)能與投資合作，防范化解各類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，共同構(gòu)建更加開放、更加具有韌性的區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈，為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)增長和發(fā)展繁榮做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和可持續(xù)發(fā)展注入更多動力?！睂幖獑催@樣說道。

With the constant sweeping of the COVID-19 through the globe， multinational economic development is facing unprecedented challenges. In order to further deepen China-ASEAN cooperation in production capacity under the Belt and Road and promote regional economic recovery， China-ASEAN Production Capacity and Investment Cooperation Forum was held under the framework of the 17th CAEXPO.

At the forum， with the focus on the theme of “Deepening Production Capacity Cooperation and Coping With Common Challenges”， participants talked about the achievements， proposed suggestions， and further affirmed the positive role of production capacity and investment cooperation facing the current crisis.

China-ASEAN production capacity cooperation continues to upgrade， achieving gratifying results

According to Ning Jizhe， Deputy Director of Chinas Development and Reform Commission and Director of the National Bureau of Statistics， at present， China-ASEAN cooperation in production capacity and investment has made steady progress and achieved many results.

In terms of policy communication， in recent years， China and ASEAN have actively implemented the China-ASEAN Joint Declaration on Production Capacity Cooperation， jointly building industrial chains and value chains with deeper integration， stronger driving forces and wider benefits. China has signed agreements with Cambodia， Laos， Malaysia， Myanmar， the Philippines， Singapore， Vietnam and other countries on production capacity cooperation and third-party market cooperation， realizing common interests and mutual benefits.

On major projects， China and ASEAN countries have coordinated the prevention and control of major cooperation and construction projects， such as completing 54% of the China-Laos Railway and 40% of the track laying. Besides， the construction of offline civil engineering of the phase-one China-Thailand Railway cooperation project has been smoothly promoted， and the online project contract has been signed. The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway linking China and Indonesia has entered the stage of comprehensive and rapid construction， and about 70% of the civil works of the whole line have been completed. The construction of Malaysias eastern coastal railway and Cambodias Phnom Penh Sihanouk Port expressway are being implemented steadily.

In recent years， Guangxi， as the frontier gateway of China-ASEAN open development， has also made a series of fruitful achievements in production capacity cooperation， industrial docking， platform construction， etc.， taking the lead in China-ASEAN production capacity and investment cooperation.

“Guangxi vigorously promotes and actively participates in international production capacity cooperation， covering more than 80 countries and regions in five continents， with investment fields in metallurgy， automobile manufacturing， engineering infrastructure， electronic information and other equipment manufacturing industries. From 2016 to 2020， the amount of overseas investment in Guangxi increased by 32%， among which ASEAN countries are the main destination of Guangxis overseas investment，” said Qin Rupei， Executive Vice Governor of the Peoples Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. “China-Malaysia Qinzhou Industrial Park and Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park， namely ‘Two Countries， Twin Parks， have created a new mode of international production capacity cooperation. A large number of landmark capacity cooperation projects have been completed and put into operation overseas， such as the Alliance Steel （M） Sdn. Bhd.， with an annual output of 3.5 million tons and the Indonesian manufacturing base of SAIC GM Wuling. Positive progress has been made in a number of cooperation platforms such as the China-Cambodia agricultural promotion center and Brunei Muara Port.”

Third， stimulate the new driving force of regional development driven by innovation. At present， the world is at the historical juncture of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. Both sides should strive to break the barriers restricting the flow of innovative elements such as knowledge， technology and talents， expand technological exchanges and cooperation between enterprises， promote co-construction of joint laboratories， R&D centers and science and technology parks， attach importance to the protection of intellectual property rights， and strengthen innovative cooperation in digital economy， artificial intelligence， smart city and communication in a new generation， and fight against the COVID-19 with innovation. At the same time， we should steadily promote financial cooperation and innovation， encourage local currency settlement in trade and investment， optimize international investment and financing? products on the basis of risk control， and provide diversified financing sources for cooperative projects. Besides， we need to promote the innovation of project cooperation modes， actively carry out the third-party market cooperation， and realize shared interests and risks.

Fourth， cultivate a new growth point for the green and clean development of regional economy. Strengthening the construction of ecological civilization is an inevitable trend of regional cooperation. We should advocate green， low-carbon， circular and sustainable production and life style， expand cooperation in ecological and environmental protection， and integrate the concept of green development into production capacity and investment cooperation on the basis of respecting international rules， international practices and environmental protection laws and regulations of the host country. At the same time， we should continue to strengthen international anti-corruption cooperation and create a clean and fair business environment， to better protect the legitimate interests of market entities.

Chinas door of opening up will not be closed and will only be opened even wider. At present， challenges and opportunities coexist， and we can see opportunities in challenges. “2021 will mark the 30th anniversary of the establishment of dialogue between China and ASEAN. China looks forward to working with all parties to continuously deepen production capacity and investment cooperation， prevent and resolve various risks and challenges， and jointly build more open and more resilient regional industrial chains and supply chains， so as to make greater contributions to the recovery of regional economic growth， development and prosperity and inject more impetus into the global economic recovery and sustainable development，” said Ning Jizhe.