四川雙流中學(xué) 蔣建平（特級(jí)教師）

感知·素養(yǎng)解讀

在人類活動(dòng)中，熱愛(ài)大自然、探索自然界的奧秘、保護(hù)大自然等都是我們永恒的主題，而學(xué)會(huì)了珍愛(ài)自然，也就學(xué)會(huì)了珍愛(ài)我們?nèi)祟愖约骸?“自然”主題包括人與自然的和諧相處、人在自然界的生存、動(dòng)植物保護(hù)、生態(tài)保護(hù)、自然災(zāi)害以及環(huán)境污染和保護(hù)等方面。

“自然”主題的寫作通常有小說(shuō)、科普文章、說(shuō)明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文等寫作形式，常用時(shí)態(tài)包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)與將來(lái)時(shí)等。 寫作中常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

關(guān)于“自然”主題的寫作常有以下幾個(gè)命題角度：

1. 介紹某地特殊自然現(xiàn)象；

2. 人與自然和諧相處話題；

3. 介紹颶風(fēng)的基本知識(shí)；

4. 介紹臺(tái)風(fēng)的基本知識(shí)；

5. 描述某一瀕危動(dòng)物的現(xiàn)狀及呼吁人們關(guān)注；

6. 全球變暖問(wèn)題；

7. 介紹某次大地震的破壞、影響等；

8. 介紹某次水災(zāi)的破壞、影響等。

探究·語(yǔ)庫(kù)構(gòu)建

語(yǔ)境串記

Cool koalas

When you think of a cute, furry wild animal, you often picture a koala. These adorable creatures appear docile and friendly, so it's no wonder people are concerned about the future of the species after the devastating bushfires that destroyed parts of Australia earlier this year. 1._______（lucky）, many survived, which gives us a chance to continue to learn more about these marsupials.

Australia's native and unique wildlife such as kangaroos, platypus and koalas, are 2.______constant threat from human activity and natural disasters. It's thought at least a billion animals lost their lives as a result of this year's bushfires. Recently, drones and thermal imaging technology 3.________（use） to track their movements to help them keep safe. Protecting these unique species is important because it is estimated that there are now possibly as few as 43,000 koalas in the wild.

So, what is so special about koalas and what makes them so “cool”? Maybe we envy their ability 4.________（sleep） for up to 22 hours a day! Or it could be their laid-back appearance due to the fact 5.______they are herbivores and mainly feed on juicy eucalyptus leaves, which take a lot of time and energy to digest.

What is amazing is that they often live in a dry and hot environment, and drink very little water.So, how do they survive? Well, scientists have discovered that these wild mammals lick 6.________（run） water off the smooth surface of a tree trunk when it is raining. This phenomenon is called “stemflow”. Behavioural 7.______（observation） in the wild are very important to establish what is normal and what is unusual, and to 8.________（true） understand what animals need. If we watch them carefully, they will tell us.

So, 9._______the word “koala” meaning “no drink” or “no water” in the Aboriginal language, it seems that even these 10.________（sleep） creatures do need a drink sometimes. And if we're to encourage them to flourish, we need to conserve their habitat.

萌酷的樹(shù)袋熊

當(dāng)你想到一只可愛(ài)的、毛茸茸的野生動(dòng)物時(shí)，你常常會(huì)想到一只樹(shù)袋熊。 這些可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物看起來(lái)溫順、友好，因此今年早些時(shí)候，毀滅性森林大火摧毀了澳大利亞部分地區(qū)后，人們會(huì)擔(dān)心這個(gè)物種的未來(lái)。 幸運(yùn)的是，許多有袋類動(dòng)物幸存了下來(lái)，這給了我們一個(gè)繼續(xù)了解這些有袋類動(dòng)物的機(jī)會(huì)。

澳大利亞本土獨(dú)特的野生動(dòng)物，如袋鼠、鴨嘴獸和樹(shù)袋熊，不斷受到人類活動(dòng)和自然災(zāi)害的威脅。 據(jù)估計(jì)，在今年的森林大火中，至少有10億只動(dòng)物喪生。 最近，無(wú)人機(jī)和熱成像技術(shù)被用來(lái)跟蹤它們的行動(dòng)，以幫助它們保持安全。 保護(hù)這些獨(dú)特的物種非常重要，因?yàn)閾?jù)估計(jì)，現(xiàn)在野生的樹(shù)袋熊可能只有43,000只。

那么，樹(shù)袋熊有什么特別之處，又是什么讓它們?nèi)绱恕翱帷蹦兀?也許是我們羨慕它們每天能睡22個(gè)小時(shí)！ 也可能是因?yàn)樗鼈兪鞘巢輨?dòng)物，主要以多汁的桉樹(shù)樹(shù)葉為食，而這些葉子需要大量的時(shí)間和精力才能被消化，由此造就了它們慵懶的外表。

令人驚奇的是，它們經(jīng)常生活在干燥、炎熱的環(huán)境中，且很少喝水。那么，它們?nèi)绾紊?？好吧?科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)這些野生哺乳動(dòng)物在下雨時(shí)會(huì)舔樹(shù)干光滑表面的流水。 這種現(xiàn)象被稱為“莖流”。 野外的行為觀察對(duì)于確定什么是正常的，什么是不尋常的，以及真正了解動(dòng)物需要什么是非常重要的。 如果我們仔細(xì)觀察，它們會(huì)告訴我們的。

因此，盡管“樹(shù)袋熊”這個(gè)詞在澳大利亞土著語(yǔ)言中的意思是“不喝”或“不喝水”，但似乎即使是這些困倦的生物有時(shí)也需要喝一杯。 如果我們要鼓勵(lì)它們繁衍生息，我們需要保護(hù)它們的棲息地。

素材積累

（一）閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

【核心單詞】

1. decrease 減少

2. destroy 毀滅

3. rescue 拯救

4. spoil 破壞

5. erupt v. 爆發(fā)

eruption n. 爆發(fā)

6. creature 生物

7. victim 受害人

8. endanger 危害；使遭危險(xiǎn)

9. strike/hit （災(zāi)害）襲擊；發(fā)生

10. abundant 豐富的

【高頻短語(yǔ)】

1. die out 滅絕

2. keep the balance of nature 保持生態(tài)平衡

3. dig into 探尋；探究

4. escape from 從……逃出

5. go against nature 違背自然規(guī)律

6. come out 出來(lái)；長(zhǎng)出

7. cut off the power/electricity 電力中斷

8. recover from the disaster 從災(zāi)難中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)

9. live in harmony with nature 與自然和諧相處

【主題整合】

自然景觀

1. plain 平原

2. plateau 高原

3. mountain 山脈

4. stream 小河；小溪

5. waterfall 瀑布

6. gulf 海灣

7. island 島；島嶼

8. rainforest 雨林

天氣

1. sunny 陽(yáng)光充足的；晴朗的

2. rainy 下雨的；多雨的

3. windy 有風(fēng)的；多風(fēng)的

4. cloudy 陰天的；陰云密布的

5. stormy 有暴風(fēng)雨的

6. snowy 下雪的；多雪的

7. cool 涼的；涼爽的

8. mild 溫和的；和煦的

自然災(zāi)害

1. flood 水災(zāi)

2. drought 干旱

3. landslide 塌方

4. tsunami 海嘯

5. typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng)

6. hurricane 颶風(fēng)

7. snowstorm 暴風(fēng)雪

8. thunderstorm 雷雨；雷暴

9. tornado 龍卷風(fēng)

10. lava 熔巖；火山巖

11. volcano 火山

12. earthquake 地震

13. sandstorm 沙暴；沙塵暴

14. homeless 無(wú)家可歸的

15. fall down/collapse （房屋等）倒塌

16. be trapped in the ruins 被困在廢墟中

17. trigger landslides and other disasters 引發(fā)塌方及其他災(zāi)害

18. cause great damage 造成巨大損失

（二）寫作詞匯運(yùn)用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示或用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1. In spite of all this, the government_______________（號(hào)召） the whole nation to support the places hit by the worst disaster.

2. The city government took effective measures to protect______________（珍稀動(dòng)物）.

3. Nowadays, natural disasters have been more widespread and more frequent, becoming very rapidly an increasing______________（威脅） to development.

4. In this activity, students have______________（增強(qiáng)意識(shí)） of environmental protection.

5. With the help of the_______________（救援隊(duì)）, people who were trapped in the flood were saved.

6. It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings_______________（倒塌） and roads were destroyed.

7. The whole city was______________（成為一片廢墟） after the earthquake.

8. In the past few hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, such as floods,_______________（干旱）, earthquakes, and new deserts.

9. A terrible earthquake hit my hometown yesterday,______________（cause）great damages.

10. Luckily, the soldiers came to help look for the_______________（幸存者） and dig out some people who were trapped in ruins and bury the dead.

（三）核心句型表達(dá)（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1. 至于我們的緊急物資，我們建議隨時(shí)保持手頭有足夠三天的水和食物、一臺(tái)收音機(jī)等。

譯法一：（簡(jiǎn)單句）

譯法二：（含賓語(yǔ)從句）

譯法三：（含主語(yǔ)從句）

2. 在過(guò)去的四十年里，最強(qiáng)大的地震引發(fā)的一次海嘯在昨日撞向亞洲的海岸線，使印度尼西亞、印度、泰國(guó)、馬來(lái)西亞以及至少其他四個(gè)國(guó)家的6,500多人喪生。

譯法一：（簡(jiǎn)單句）

譯法二：（并列句）

譯法三：（含現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）

譯法四：（含非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）

3. 雞甚至豬都緊張得不能吃東西，狗也拒絕進(jìn)入建筑物內(nèi)。

譯法一：（用too...to...句型）

譯法二：（用so...that...句型）

4. 這仿佛世界末日即將來(lái)臨!

譯法一：（簡(jiǎn)單句）

譯法二：（用as if引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣）

實(shí)踐·主題測(cè)評(píng)

知識(shí)維度診斷評(píng)價(jià)

Ⅰ. 單句填空

1. If the disaster cannot defeat a person, it will help him succeed,_________fortune and misfortune are always closely linked. As for what you'll get, it depends on whether you keep standing.

2. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars__________（sweep） away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.

3. The undersea quake_________（strike）around 7：00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.

4. I was having breakfast with my three children_________water started filling my home.

5. The energy_________（spread） into the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!

6. Earthquakes happen without warning,and they can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year, but don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot________（feel）.

7. These old people have experienced all kinds of_________(suffer)in their difficult times.

8.__________(bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened.

9. A lot of houses and roads were destroyed,leaving a great many people_________（home）.

10. Many social organizations and people volunteered__________（donate） money to the earthquake-stricken area.

Ⅱ. 情境寫作

假定你是校報(bào)英語(yǔ)專欄的一名小記者。你校舉辦了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于地震自救知識(shí)的講座。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)為校報(bào)寫一篇新聞報(bào)道，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 講座簡(jiǎn)介；2. 收獲或感想。注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。